Implement batch kernel in MASM

[PhilippGackstatter]

What should be done?

Implement the transaction batch kernel in Miden Assembly.

How should it be done?

This may have to be divided into smaller tasks, but the high-level goals are:

• Add batch kernel to miden-lib, add it to build.rs and export it as a (Transaction)BatchKernel struct in Rust, similar to the existing TransactionKernel.
• Add utility functions for preparing the stack inputs, advice inputs as well as parsing the outputs of the batch kernel. The inputs were discussed in Define batch kernel inputs/outputs #919.
• Implement checks and computations from ProposedBatch::new in MASM.
• Add the resulting ExecutionProof from executing the batch kernel to ProvenBatch.

When is this task done?

When the batch kernel execution can be proven in MASM.

Additional context

No response