diff --git a/docs/examples.md b/docs/examples.md
index 02d8f3c..c635b26 100644
--- a/docs/examples.md
+++ b/docs/examples.md
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ REQUIRE(root.first_elem().name() == "child");
 element next("next");
 root.push_front(next);
 REQUIRE(root.first_elem().name() == "next");
+root.push_back(text("Hello"));
+REQUIRE(root.first_text().str() == "Hello");
 ```
 
 ### Text
@@ -84,10 +86,10 @@ text txt = "Hello";
 text txt = root.first_text();
 // print raw
 fmt::println(txt);
-// print trimmed text, it returns std::string and will not modify it
-fmt::println(txt.trimmed()); 
-// yet it will modify. return a new text
+// print trimmed string, it returns std::string and will not modify it
 fmt::println(txt.trim());
+// return a new trimmed text
+fmt::println(txt.trimmed()); 
 ```
 
 ### CData
diff --git a/include/myxml/text.hpp b/include/myxml/text.hpp
index 0c79ef2..3f4c712 100644
--- a/include/myxml/text.hpp
+++ b/include/myxml/text.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <string>
 #include "myxml/node.hpp"
+#include "myxml/interface.hpp"
 
 namespace myxml
 {
 
-    class text : public printable
+    struct text_impl : public node
+    {
+        std::string inner;
+
+        text_impl() = default;
+        explicit text_impl(std::string_view str);
+
+        virtual ~text_impl() = default;
+
+        /* Implment Exportable*/
+        virtual void print(std::ostream &) const override;
+    };
+
+    class text : public printable, public interface
     {
         friend class element;
 
@@ -15,26 +29,19 @@ namespace myxml
         text(std::shared_ptr<text_impl>);
 
     public:
-        text(std::string_view);
+        text(const std::string &);
         text(std::string &&);
 
+        std::string trimmed();
+        text trim();
+
         /* Implement printable */
         virtual void print(std::ostream &) const override;
         virtual void entity_encoding(bool) override;
         virtual void platform_specific_newline(bool) override;
-    };
 
-    struct text_impl : public node
-    {
-        std::string inner;
-
-        text_impl() = default;
-        explicit text_impl(std::string_view str);
-
-        virtual ~text_impl() = default;
-
-        /* Implment Exportable*/
-        virtual void print(std::ostream &) const override;
+        /* Implement interface */
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<node> impl() { return _impl; }
     };
 
     namespace util
diff --git a/src/text.cpp b/src/text.cpp
index f053e26..8138480 100644
--- a/src/text.cpp
+++ b/src/text.cpp
@@ -15,12 +15,28 @@ namespace myxml
         _impl->inner = str;
     }
 
-    text::text(std::string_view str)
+    text::text(const std::string &str)
     {
         _impl = std::make_shared<text_impl>();
         _impl->inner = str;
     }
 
+    std::string text::trimmed()
+    {
+        std::string trimmed;
+        auto is_space = [](char ch)
+        { return std::isspace(static_cast<char>(ch)); };
+        auto &ref = _impl->inner;
+        auto start = std::find_if_not(ref.begin(), ref.end(), is_space);
+        auto end = std::find_if_not(ref.rbegin(), ref.rend(), is_space).base();
+        return (start < end) ? std::string(start, end) : std::string();
+    }
+
+    text text::trim()
+    {
+        return this->trimmed();
+    }
+
     void text::print(std::ostream &os) const
     {
         this->_impl->print(os);
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index c894429..65da8e8 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ add_custom_test(parser_test)
 add_custom_test(printable_test)
 add_custom_test(document_test)
 add_custom_test(buffer_test)
+add_custom_test(text_test)
diff --git a/tests/element_test.cpp b/tests/element_test.cpp
index c85393b..1f2ffd2 100644
--- a/tests/element_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/element_test.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ TEST_CASE("Element Interface", "[element]")
         element next("next");
         root.push_front(next);
         REQUIRE(root.first_elem().name() == "next");
+        root.push_back(text("Hello"));
+        REQUIRE(root.first_text().str() == "Hello");
     }
 
     SECTION("query by name")
diff --git a/tests/text_test.cpp b/tests/text_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..033ef6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/text_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include "myxml/text.hpp"
+
+TEST_CASE("text interface", "[text]")
+{
+    using namespace myxml;
+
+    SECTION("trim")
+    {
+        text text("  \n\n Hello  \n \t ");
+        REQUIRE(text.trimmed() == "Hello");
+        REQUIRE(text.trim().str() == "Hello");
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file