diff --git a/packages/orchestration/test/supports.ts b/packages/orchestration/test/supports.ts
index 303df00c883f..d90c32d8fcbe 100644
--- a/packages/orchestration/test/supports.ts
+++ b/packages/orchestration/test/supports.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { makeIssuerKit } from '@agoric/ertp';
 import { VTRANSFER_IBC_EVENT } from '@agoric/internal';
 import { makeFakeStorageKit } from '@agoric/internal/src/storage-test-utils.js';
 import { prepareLocalChainTools } from '@agoric/vats/src/localchain.js';
+import { prepareBridgeTargetModule } from '@agoric/vats/src/bridge-target.js';
 import { prepareTransferTools } from '@agoric/vats/src/transfer.js';
 import { makeFakeBankManagerKit } from '@agoric/vats/tools/bank-utils.js';
 import { makeFakeBoard } from '@agoric/vats/tools/board-utils.js';
@@ -51,7 +52,10 @@ export const commonSetup = async t => {
   );
 
   const transferBridge = makeFakeTransferBridge(rootZone);
-  const { makeTransferMiddleware, makeBridgeTargetKit } = prepareTransferTools(
+  const { makeBridgeTargetKit } = prepareBridgeTargetModule(
+    rootZone.subZone('bridge'),
+  );
+  const { makeTransferMiddleware } = prepareTransferTools(
     rootZone.subZone('transfer'),
     prepareVowTools(rootZone.subZone('vows')),
   );
diff --git a/packages/vats/src/transfer.js b/packages/vats/src/transfer.js
index 72afce611aa0..936b098d2a3f 100644
--- a/packages/vats/src/transfer.js
+++ b/packages/vats/src/transfer.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { E } from '@endo/far';
 import { M } from '@endo/patterns';
 import { VTRANSFER_IBC_EVENT } from '@agoric/internal';
 import { coerceToByteSource, byteSourceToBase64 } from '@agoric/network';
-import { prepareBridgeTargetModule, TargetAppI } from './bridge-target.js';
+import { TargetAppI } from './bridge-target.js';
 
 /**
  * @import {TargetApp, TargetHost} from './bridge-target.js'
@@ -228,15 +228,10 @@ const prepareTransferMiddleware = (zone, makeTransferInterceptor) =>
  */
 export const prepareTransferTools = (zone, vowTools) => {
   const makeTransferInterceptor = prepareTransferInterceptor(zone, vowTools);
-  const { makeBridgeTargetKit } = prepareBridgeTargetModule(
-    zone.subZone('bridge-target'),
-  );
-
   const makeTransferMiddleware = prepareTransferMiddleware(
     zone,
     makeTransferInterceptor,
   );
-
-  return harden({ makeTransferMiddleware, makeBridgeTargetKit });
+  return harden({ makeTransferMiddleware });
 };
 harden(prepareTransferTools);
diff --git a/packages/vats/test/localchain.test.js b/packages/vats/test/localchain.test.js
index 418160bcd078..d6eb8169bf0c 100644
--- a/packages/vats/test/localchain.test.js
+++ b/packages/vats/test/localchain.test.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { getInterfaceOf } from '@endo/marshal';
 import { VTRANSFER_IBC_EVENT } from '@agoric/internal';
 import { prepareVowTools } from '@agoric/vow/vat.js';
 import { prepareLocalChainTools } from '../src/localchain.js';
+import { prepareBridgeTargetModule } from '../src/bridge-target.js';
 import { prepareTransferTools } from '../src/transfer.js';
 import { makeFakeBankManagerKit } from '../tools/bank-utils.js';
 import {
@@ -45,13 +46,15 @@ const makeTestContext = async _t => {
   );
 
   const transferZone = makeDurableZone(provideBaggage('transfer'));
-  const transferBridge = makeFakeTransferBridge(transferZone.subZone('bridge'));
-  const transferTools = prepareTransferTools(
+  const bridgeZone = transferZone.subZone('bridge');
+  const transferBridge = makeFakeTransferBridge(bridgeZone);
+  const { makeBridgeTargetKit } = prepareBridgeTargetModule(bridgeZone);
+  const { makeTransferMiddleware } = prepareTransferTools(
     transferZone,
     prepareVowTools(transferZone.subZone('vows')),
   );
-  const transferMiddleware = transferTools.makeTransferMiddleware(
-    transferTools.makeBridgeTargetKit(transferBridge, VTRANSFER_IBC_EVENT),
+  const transferMiddleware = makeTransferMiddleware(
+    makeBridgeTargetKit(transferBridge, VTRANSFER_IBC_EVENT),
   );
 
   const { bankManager, pourPayment } = await makeFakeBankManagerKit({