item_15.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Copyright 2014 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Preamble to mimick book environment
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT


# Example 1
def sort_priority(values, group):
    def helper(x):
        if x in group:
            return (0, x)
        return (1, x)
    values.sort(key=helper)


# Example 2
numbers = [8, 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6]
group = {2, 3, 5, 7}
sort_priority(numbers, group)
print(numbers)


# Example 3
def sort_priority2(numbers, group):
    found = False
    def helper(x):
        if x in group:
            found = True  # Seems simple
            return (0, x)
        return (1, x)
    numbers.sort(key=helper)
    return found


# Example 4
found = sort_priority2(numbers, group)
print('Found:', found)
print(numbers)


# Example 5
def sort_priority2(numbers, group):
    found = False         # Scope: 'sort_priority2'
    def helper(x):
        if x in group:
            found = True  # Scope: 'helper' -- Bad!
            return (0, x)
        return (1, x)
    numbers.sort(key=helper)
    return found


# Example 6
def sort_priority3(numbers, group):
    found = False
    def helper(x):
        nonlocal found
        if x in group:
            found = True
            return (0, x)
        return (1, x)
    numbers.sort(key=helper)
    return found


# Example 7
found = sort_priority3(numbers, group)
print('Found:', found)
print(numbers)


# Example 8
class Sorter(object):
    def __init__(self, group):
        self.group = group
        self.found = False

    def __call__(self, x):
        if x in self.group:
            self.found = True
            return (0, x)
        return (1, x)

sorter = Sorter(group)
numbers.sort(key=sorter)
assert sorter.found is True
print('Found:', found)
print(numbers)