Linux

Problem On Ubuntu

Connecting to a Wi-Fi network in recovery mode on Ubuntu

Sound Capture Problem On Ubuntu

Basic Of Linux

FileSystem, Shell

Reset your local repository to its initial state

Vim

Linux flags

Linux flags are special options or parameters that you can add to a command to modify its behavior or output.

• -a (all): This flag is used with commands like ls to show all files, including hidden ones.
• -l (long): This flag is used with commands like ls to show detailed information about files, such as permissions, ownership, and modification times.
• -r (recursive): This flag is used with commands like cp or rm to copy or delete files and directories recursively.
• -i (interactive): This flag is used with commands like rm to prompt the user for confirmation before deleting files.

Directory naviagtion

• pwd get the present working directory
• cd change directory
• cd ~ change directory to home
• cd .. back to parent directory

ls list files

• ls lists all files in the current directory except for hidden files.
• ls -l List the files and directories in the current directory in long (table) format
• ls -a List all the files including the hidden ones (File names starting with a . are hidden files in Linux).

chmod change mode

• chmod <specification> fileNmae Change the file permissions. Specifications = u user, g group, o other, + add permission, - remove, r read, w write,x execute. command allows an administrator to set or modify a file’s permissions.

man

The “man” command, short for manual, is a powerful tool in the Linux operating system that allows users to access detailed information about various commands, utilities, and system calls.

example:

• man ls shows ls command information.
• man dpkg shows dpkg command information.

dpkg

Dpkg is a low-level tool that is used to manage, build, install, and remove Debian packages in the Linux operating system

• -i: flag use to install package
• -C or --audit: Checks for partially installed packages.
• -s or --status: Shows the status of a package.
• --unpack: Unpacks the package, but does not configure it.
• --configure: Configures a package which has been unpacked but not yet configured.
• -P or --purge: Removes a package including its configuration files.

List Of Necessary Commands

1. To Update & upgrade

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

cpp file Run In Command line

g++ file name
./a.out

unxip a .tar.gz file

tar -xvzf file_name

install .dev file

sudo dpkg -i package_name

.dev file uninstall

sudo dpkg -r package_name

.dev file reconfigure

sudo dpkg-reconfigure PACKAGE_NAME

Instruct dpkg to fix itself

sudo dpkg --configure -a

• This will instruct apt-get to correct dependencies and continue to configure your packages.

sudo apt-get -f install

Check Disk Space

• List Block Devices lsblk
• Using fdisk (View Partition Tables) sudo fdisk -l
• Using df (Check Mounted Partitions) df -h

For summarizing disk usages of the files in the current directory we use:

du -sh *

Mount

if you need to mount a partition that

sudo mount /dev/partition_name

Common Desktop Server in Ubuntu

GNOME (default in Ubuntu): Ubuntu Desktop uses GNOME as its default desktop environment. GNOME can run on both Xorg and Wayland. To check if Xorg is running, you can run:

`echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE`

My Laptop Sound Problem

First Add endof the file alsa-base.conf options snd-hda-intel model=,dell-headset-multi.To do this:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
options snd-hda-intel model=,dell-headset-multi

Then Install this software pulseaudio,pavucontrol,if your wish to record sound install gnome-sound-recorder.

sudo apt install pulseaudio
sudo apt install pavucontrol
sudo apt install gnome-sound-recorder
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Create Your Own Command Alias

If you are tired of using long commands in bash you can create your own command alias.

The best way to do this is to modify (or create if it does not exist) a file called .bash_aliases in your home folder. The general syntax is:

alias command_alias='actual_command'

where actual_command is the command you are renaming and command_alias is the new name you have given it. For example

alias install='sudo apt-get -y install'