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M2-BERT

We're excited to release a preview of our first M2 models -- Monarch-Mixer-BERT. Code in this folder is forked from Tri Dao's MLPerf implementation of BERT and MosaicML's BERT examples for support clear comparison to recently released efficient Transformer baselines.

Setup

For Docker, we recommend starting from the PyTorch Docker containers to be able to install the CUDA kernels and run the benchmarking code: https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/containers/pytorch.

To install the CUDA kernels:

git clone https://github.com/m2.git
cd csrc/flashmm
python setup.py install

For the pure PyTorch stack, Conda works as well:

conda create --name m2_bert python=3.10
conda activate m2_bert

To install the dependencies for training:

git clone https://github.com/m2.git # if you haven't already
cd bert/
pip install -r requirements.txt

Getting the Data

Our experiments use Huggingface datasets for pretraining and finetuning on GLUE.

Pretraining Datasets

The pretraining datasets are prepared in src/convert_dataset.py. This script converts the dataset to a collection of binary .mds files, which will then be streamed during pretraining using mosaicml-streaming.

Our released checkpoints are pretrained on C4: Colossal, Cleaned, Common Crawl dataset. To prepare this data locally, use the following commands:

# To work with a small data sample for testing
python src/convert_dataset.py --dataset c4 --data_subset en --out_root ./my-copy-c4 --splits train_small val

# To prepare the full C4 dataset
python src/convert_dataset.py --dataset c4 --data_subset en --out_root ./my-copy-c4 --splits train val

To prepare Wikipedia and/or Bookcorpus, use the following commands:

# To work with Wikipedia data
python src/convert_dataset.py --dataset wikipedia --data_subset 20220301.en --out_root ./my-copy-wikipedia --splits train

# To work with Bookscorpus data
python src/convert_dataset.py --dataset bookcorpus --out_root ./my-copy-bookcorpus --splits train

We provide a standalone utility script to split the above training sets for Wikipedia and Bookcorpus into training and validation splits: python src/utils/create_val_split.py. Enter a path to your training data before running the script.

Finetuning Datasets

We evaluated the quality of our models on the standard GLUE benchmark. The data processing is handled in src/glue/data.py and the datasets are automatically downloaded from Huggingface.

Obtaining Pretrained Checkpoints

July 24: We will release a suite of BERT models in the coming weeks. Today we are releasing the following checkpoints:

  1. M2-BERT-768dim, which matches the average GLUE score of BERT-base with 25% fewer parameters. Please Note this model was pretrained and finetuned with the legacy model configuration setting hyena_training_additions: True, whereas the default option and 960 dim model are with hyena_training_additions: False. Our finetuning script is set to reproduce our reported results in the blog.
  2. M2-BERT-960dim, which is parameter matched to BERT-base.

Fine-tuning from Pretrained Checkpoints

We include yaml files to fine-tune each of the M2-BERT checkpoints as well as the BERT-base Transformer baseline. The commands are as follows:

# To fine-tune from M2-BERT-768dim
python glue.py yamls/finetune-glue/monarch-mixer-finetune-glue-768dim-80m-parameters.yaml

# To fine-tune from M2-BERT-960dim
python glue.py yamls/finetune-glue/monarch-mixer-finetune-glue-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml

# To fine-tune BERT-base
python glue.py yamls/finetune-glue/hf-transformer-finetune-glue-bert-base-uncased.yaml

A few notes for finetuning:

  1. In the yaml files, enter paths to your pretrained checkpoints on disk.
  2. You can modify the yaml files if you want to save the post-finetuning checkpoints and modify the save directory.
  3. Following the protocol introduced in Izsak et al., 2021, we finetune for the data-poor GLUE tasks (RTE, STSB, and MRPC), starting from a checkpoint obtained after fine-tuning on the MNLI task. Once you've obtained an MNLI checkpoint, you can update the checkpoint paths in the yaml files to load this in and add the suffix -from-mnli to your experiment name to run finetuning on RTE, STSB, and MRPC.

Pretraining BERT

We include yaml files to pretrain M2-BERT as well as the BERT-base Transformer baseline. The commands are as follows:

# Pretrain M2-BERT-768dim
composer main.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml

# Pretrain M2-BERT-960dim
composer main.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml

# Pretrain BERT-base-uncased Transformer baseline
composer main.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml

A few notes for pretraining:

  1. Update the data_local field in the yaml files to point to your pretraining data folder.
  2. Update how frequently you want to run evaluation during pretraining, how many checkpoints to save, and where to save the checkpoints on disk.
  3. By default, the composer tool trains in distributed mode. You can modify the launch command to composer -n 1 to launch on 1 device instead (or another number of devices).

If training on a single node, the composer launcher will autodetect the number of devices.

Benchmarking

To run throughput benchmarks of the forward pass of the model at different sequence lengths, install the flashmm kernel and use the following commands. Batch sizes are adjusted for a 40GB A100.

M2-BERT-80M

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml max_seq_len=512 device_train_microbatch_size=32 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml max_seq_len=1024 device_train_microbatch_size=32 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml max_seq_len=2048 device_train_microbatch_size=16 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml max_seq_len=4096 device_train_microbatch_size=8 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-786dim-80m-parameters.yaml max_seq_len=8192 device_train_microbatch_size=4 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

M2-BERT-110M

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml max_seq_len=512 device_train_microbatch_size=32 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml max_seq_len=1024 device_train_microbatch_size=32 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml max_seq_len=2048 device_train_microbatch_size=16 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml max_seq_len=4096 device_train_microbatch_size=8 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/monarch-mixer-pretrain-960dim-parameter-matched.yaml max_seq_len=8192 device_train_microbatch_size=4 model.model_config.use_flash_mm=True

Transformer-110M

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/transformer-flash-attn.yaml max_seq_len=512 device_train_microbatch_size=32

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/transformer-flash-attn.yaml max_seq_len=1024 device_train_microbatch_size=32

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/transformer-flash-attn.yaml max_seq_len=2048 device_train_microbatch_size=8

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/transformer-flash-attn.yaml max_seq_len=4096 device_train_microbatch_size=4

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/transformer-flash-attn.yaml max_seq_len=8192 device_train_microbatch_size=2

HuggingFace Transformer 110M

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml max_seq_len=512 device_train_microbatch_size=32

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml max_seq_len=1024 device_train_microbatch_size=16

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml max_seq_len=2048 device_train_microbatch_size=4

python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml max_seq_len=4096 device_train_microbatch_size=1

# this will OOM on 40GB-A100
python benchmark_fwd.py yamls/pretrain/hf-transformer-pretrain-bert-base-uncased.yaml max_seq_len=8192 device_train_microbatch_size=1

Citations, Contact, and Acknowledgements

Lookout for the M2 Arxiv coming soon!! In the meantime, we're excited to release a blog post on M2-BERT.

If you have questions or feedback on M2-BERT, feel free to reach out to Dan Fu ([email protected]) and Simran Arora ([email protected]).

Finally, we are extremely grateful to Together AI for making this work possible!!