https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-preorder-traversal/description/
Given a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.
Example:
Input: [1,null,2,3]
1
\
2
/
3
Output: [1,2,3]
Follow up: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?
这道题目是前序遍历,这个和之前的leetcode 94 号问题 - 中序遍历
完全不一回事。
前序遍历是根左右
的顺序,注意是根
开始,那么就很简单。直接先将根节点入栈,然后
看有没有右节点,有则入栈,再看有没有左节点,有则入栈。 然后出栈一个元素,重复即可。
其他树的非递归遍历课没这么简单
- 二叉树的基本操作(遍历)
不同的遍历算法差异还是蛮大的
-
如果非递归的话利用栈来简化操作
-
如果数据规模不大的话,建议使用递归
-
递归的问题需要注意两点,一个是终止条件,一个如何缩小规模
-
终止条件,自然是当前这个元素是null(链表也是一样)
-
由于二叉树本身就是一个递归结构, 每次处理一个子树其实就是缩小了规模, 难点在于如何合并结果,这里的合并结果其实就是
mid.concat(left).concat(right)
, mid是一个具体的节点,left和right递归求出即可
- 语言支持:JS,C++
JavaScript Code:
/*
* @lc app=leetcode id=144 lang=javascript
*
* [144] Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
*
* https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-preorder-traversal/description/
*
* algorithms
* Medium (50.36%)
* Total Accepted: 314K
* Total Submissions: 621.2K
* Testcase Example: '[1,null,2,3]'
*
* Given a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.
*
* Example:
*
*
* Input: [1,null,2,3]
* 1
* \
* 2
* /
* 3
*
* Output: [1,2,3]
*
*
* Follow up: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?
*
*/
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* function TreeNode(val) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = this.right = null;
* }
*/
/**
* @param {TreeNode} root
* @return {number[]}
*/
var preorderTraversal = function(root) {
// 1. Recursive solution
// if (!root) return [];
// return [root.val].concat(preorderTraversal(root.left)).concat(preorderTraversal(root.right));
// 2. iterative solutuon
if (!root) return [];
const ret = [];
const stack = [root];
let t = stack.pop();
while(t) {
ret.push(t.val);
if (t.right) {
stack.push(t.right);
}
if (t.left) {
stack.push(t.left);
}
t =stack.pop();
}
return ret;
};
C++ Code:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int> v;
vector<TreeNode*> s;
while (root != NULL || !s.empty()) {
while (root != NULL) {
v.push_back(root->val);
s.push_back(root);
root = root->left;
}
root = s.back()->right;
s.pop_back();
}
return v;
}
};