yum(Yellow dog Updater, Modified) 是一个shell前端软件包管理器。 基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐的一次一次下载、安装。 yum提供了查找、安装、删除某个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁又好记。
yum [options] [command] [package...]
- options : 可选项包括 -h 帮助、-y 当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"、 -q 不显示安装的过程，等等
- command ： 要进行的操作
- package ： 操作的对象
- 列出所有可更新的软件清单：yum check-update
- 更新所有软件命令： yum update
- 安装指定的软件包： yum install <package_name>
- 更新指定的软件包： yum update <package_name>
- 列出所有可安装的软件包： yum list
- 删除软件包： yum remove <package_name>
- 查找软件包： yum search
- 清除缓存的固定命令：
- yum clean package ： 清除缓存目录下的软件包
- yum clean headers : 清除缓存目录下的headers
- yum clean oldheaders ： 清除缓存目录下的旧headers
- yum clean、yum clean all = yum clean packages;yum clean oldheaders ： 清除缓存目录下的软件包以及旧的headers
[deploy@sz-local3 lff]$ sudo yum install pam-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* PUIAS_6_computational: mirror.math.princeton.edu
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: sg.fedora.ipserverone.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: pam = 1.1.1-24.el6 for package: pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam.x86_64 0:1.1.1-20.el6 will be updated
---> Package pam.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pam-devel x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 base 205 k
Updating for dependencies:
pam x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 base 659 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Upgrade 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 865 k
Is this ok [y/N]: [deploy@sz-local3 lff]$ sudo yum remove pam-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
pam-devel x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 @base 547 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package(s)
Installed size: 547 k
Is this ok [y/N]: [deploy@sz-local3 lff]$ yum list pam*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* PUIAS_6_computational: www.puias.princeton.edu
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: sg.fedora.ipserverone.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
pam.x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 @base
pam-devel.x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 @base
pam_krb5.x86_64 2.3.11-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201410241409.x86_64/6.6
pam_passwdqc.x86_64 1.0.5-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201410241409.x86_64/6.6
Available Packages
pam.i686 1.1.1-24.el6 base
pam-devel.i686 1.1.1-24.el6 base
pam_afs_session.i686 2.5-3.el6 epel
pam_afs_session.x86_64 2.5-3.el6 epel
pam_krb5.i686 2.3.11-9.el6 base
pam_ldap.i686 185-11.el6 base
pam_ldap.x86_64 185-11.el6 base
pam_mapi.i686 0.3.4-1.el6 epel
pam_mapi.x86_64 网易63的yum源是国内最好的yum源之一。
-
- 首先备份 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup-
2.下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份):
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo # 下载
mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo # 重命名-
- 运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache