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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Ports</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/style.css">
</script>
<script>
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})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-47764808-1', 'spatialinformationdesignlab.org');
ga('require', 'displayfeatures');
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</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<div id="skip">Skip Intro</div>
<!-- <div class="fadeLeft"></div> -->
<!-- <div class="fadeBottom"></div> -->
<div id="header">
<h1>PORT TO PORT</h1>
<p id="oneliner">A visual exploration of energy shipping routes around the world.</p>
<p id="aboutLink">About the Data…</p>
<div id="aboutContent">
<p>The visualizations here are mainly based on the PIERS dataset, which includes every single U.S. waterborne import and export. </p><p>Specifically, we used energy related shipments between 2006 and 2012. These shipments include the following products:</p><p>
Crude Petroleum, Refined Petroleum, Residual Fuel Oil, Natural Gas and Liquid Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Other Gas Mixtures (Derived from Petroleum), Gases (NOS), Gasoline, Jet Fuel (Naphtha and Kerosene), Motor Fuel (NOS), Kerosene, Naphthas, Medicinal Mineral Oil, Lubricating Oils, Lubricating Grease, Liquid Petroleum Mixtures, Non Liquid Petroleum (Petrolatum), Petroleum Additives.</p>
</div>
</div>
</center>
<div id="reset">RESET MAP</div>
<div id="animation">Animation</div>
<div class="specify-factor button icon left" id="eBars" style="top: 75px; height: 18px;">CHARTS</div>
<div class="allTotal" style="top:105px">Volume</div>
<div class="oilTotal" style="top:130px">$ Oil</div>
<div class="productTotal" style="top:129px">Product</div>
<div class="byPort" style="top:154px">Ports</div>
<div class="usPorts" style="top:205px">U.S.</div>
<div class="usYearlyPorts" style="top:230px">Matrix</div>
<div class="foreignPorts" style="top:255px">Foreign</div>
<div class="foreignYearlyPorts" style="top:280px">Matrix</div>
<!-- <center> -->
<div class="firstGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-01.png"></div>
<div class="secondGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-02.png"></div>
<div class="thirdGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-03.png"></div>
<div class="fourthGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-04.png"></div>
<div class="fifthGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-06.png"></div>
<div class="sixthGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-05.png"></div>
<div class="seventhGraph" style="top:75px"><img src="img/Graphs_01-07.png"></div>
<!-- </center> -->
<div class="toggleVolume button icon left" id="volPorts" style="top: 104px; height: 18px;">PORTS</div>
<div class ="volAll" style="top:134px">All Volume</div>
<div class ="volExp" style="top: 173px;">Exports</div>
<div class = "volImp" style="top: 198px"> Imports</div>
<div class = "volFreq" style="top: 223px"> Frequency</div>
<!-- <div class="foreignYearlyPorts" style="top:280px">Matrix</div> -->
<div class="specify-factor button icon left" id="animPaths" style="top: 132px; height: 18px;">PATHS</div>
<div class ="pathAll" style="top:161px">All Volume</div>
<div class ="pathExp" style="top: 200px;">Exports</div>
<div class = "pathImp" style="top: 225px"> Imports</div>
<div id ="closeVid" class="sidedock">X</div>
<center>
<iframe id ="tide" class="vim" style="display: none; z-index:10; padding-bottom:5px" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/85736529?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0&color=ffffff" width="1004" height="565" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><div id ="closeVid">X</div>
</iframe>
</center>
<div id="container">
<div class="intro" id="intro1">
<p>90% of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible.</p>
<p>More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro" id="intro2">
<p>This map represents the ports and paths of the 2.7 billion Metric Tons of energy shipped through more than 90 US ports from 2002 - 2012.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro" id="intro3">
<p>These are the 200 most common energy shipping paths to and from the US.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro" id="intro4">
<p>Every port has a story. 460 million Metric Tons of oil is moved through Houston alone, connecting Houston to more than 600 ports worldwide.</p>
<center><p class="button">Explore the Map</p></center>
</div>
<div class="introNav">
<p> ></p>
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<h3>Piracy in Somalia</h3>
<p>Although by many estimates piracy around Somalia is rapidly declining, it is still a major concern for vessels traveling through the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. In addition, with more than 10% of the world’s seaborne oil being transported through the gulf - en route to the Suez Canal or to regional refineries - the threat of piracy remains particularly worrisome to the oil shipping business.</p>
<p>Piracy attacks grew dramatically from 2008 to 2011, going from 24 attacks in 2008 to a staggering 176 attacks in 2011. Out of these 176 attacks, 25 were successful, which meant that the pirates succeeded in taking control of the ship and the crew was taken hostage. However, the number of attacks has since rapidly declined, with just 6 attacks in 2013, none of which were successful. Reasons for this decline include an increase in the presence of international naval forces in the region, adoption of “best management practices” by the ships traveling these waters (such as taking evasive action and hardening the ship’s hulls) and hiring private security guards on board the ships.</p>
<h4>Links:</h4>
<h5>Piracy Finances - </h5>
<a href="http://econ.st/1e1mLgT">The Business of Piracy | The Economist</a>
<br>
<a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16196">Pirate Trails: Tracking the Illicit Financial Flows from Pirate Activities off the Horn of Africa | World Bank</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/17-07/ff_somali_pirates">An Economic Analysis of the Somali Pirate Business Model | Wired</a>
<br>
<h5>Private Navies and Armed Security:</h5>
<a href = "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18209357">Private patrol boats to tackle Somali pirates | BBC</a>
<br>
<a href = "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/piracy/9016188/Typhon-fights-back-against-pirates.html">Typhon fights back against pirates | Telegraph</a>
<br>
<a href = "http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/08/pirate-fighters-inc/all/">Pirate-Fighters, Inc.: How Mercenaries Became Ships’ Best Defense | Wired</a>
<br>
<a href = "http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/01/private-navy/all/">This Tech Entrepreneur Is About to Launch the Blackwater of the High Seas | Wired</a>
<br>
<h5>Piracy as a Game?</h5>
<a href = "http://www.wired.com/special_multimedia/2009/cutthroatCapitalismTheGame">Cutthroat Capitalism: The Game | Wired</a>
<br>
<h5>Other:</h5>
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22556030">Seychelles cells: The Somali pirates 'jailed in paradise'| BBC</a>
<br>
<a href="http://combinedmaritimeforces.com/">CMF Commanders and Force Generation Conference ‘a success’</a>
<br>
<a href="http://eunavfor.eu/">Countering Piracy off the Coast of Somalia - EU</a>
<br>
<a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703373404576148393224867726">Somali Man Sentenced to More Than 33 Years in Hijacking of Ships | WSJ</a>
<br>
<h5>Video:</h5>
<a href="http://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/17-07/ff_somali_pirates">Somali Pirates Aboard Yasa Neslihan | Wired</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/02/pirates-kill-u-s-hostages-so-u-s-forces-kill-pirates/">Pirates Kill U.S. Hostages, So U.S. Forces Kill Pirates | Wired</a>
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<div class="text">
<h3>The Venezuela-Cuba Oil Deal or Venezuela’s Oil Diplomacy</h3>
<p> Starting in the year 2000, Venezuela and Cuba have had an agreement to exchange Venezuelan oil for Cuban medical and technical assistance. As it stands today, Venezuela sends Cuba more than 90,000 barrels of oil a day in exchange for more than 40,000 medical and sports training Cuban personnel. Although these oil shipments only account for 3.5% of Venezuela’s daily oil production, it represents over 20% of Cuba’s GDP and is comparable to what the USSR was giving the island during the 1980s. Cuba only uses half of this aid for domestic consumption and re-exports the rest.</p>
<p>However, with the passing of Hugo Chavez the future of this aid seems to be less secure. Though the new Venezuelan president, Nicolas Maduro, has pledged to continue helping Cuba and has signed accords for more than 50 projects with the island, analysts worry that the internal economic and social problems facing Venezuela will have a negative effect on the aid that Cuba currently receives. Furthermore, Cuba’s attempts to become a bigger oil producer have not gone well, as evidenced by multiple international oil companies withdrawing from the island after exploration and extraction failures.</p>
<h4>Links:</h4>
<h5>What Chavez’s Death Means:</h5>
<a href="http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/177032265/venezuela-oil-diplomacy-from-caracas-to-cuba">Venezuela Oil Diplomacy: From Caracas To Cuba | NPR</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/28/us-cuba-venezuela-maduro-idUSBRE93R00Y20130428">Venezuela's Maduro pledges continued alliance with Cuba | Reuters</a>
<br>
<a href="http://ascecuba.org/blog/post/Cuba-Ill-Prepared-for-Venezuelan-Shock-.aspx">Cuba Ill-Prepared for Venezuelan Shock | ASCE</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/177032265/venezuela-oil-diplomacy-from-caracas-to-cuba">Now for the reckoning | NPR</a>
<br>
<h5>Cuba’s Own Oil Reserves:</h5>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/world/americas/rigs-departure-to-hamper-cubas-oil-prospects.html?_r=1">Cuba’s Prospects for an Oil-Fueled Economic Jolt Falter With Departure of Rig | NYT</a>
<br>
<h5>Other:</h5>
<a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/venezuelaelection/2012/10/20121039242915607.html">Cuban doctors prescribe hope in Venezuela | AlJazeera</a>
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<div class="story" data-start-port="Shanghai" data-port="Hamburg">
<div class="text">
<h3>The Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage</h3>
<p>One of the most important effects climate change has had on the shipping industry is the increased viability of the two main Arctic sea routes. The “Northern Sea Route”, also called the “Northeast Passage”, is the most viable of the two routes and could save up to 2 weeks of travel between China and Western Europe; a journey that currently takes 45 to 50 days could take 35 days. Instead of going through the Suez Canal or around Africa, ships on this route will travel north from China, cross the Bering Strait and sail westward along the northern coast of Russia, coming down into western Europe along the coast of Norway. However, the passage is still only viable during the summer and ships traveling its waters often must follow an icebreaker vessel to protect them from any icebergs.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, what’s seen as a huge opportunity for the oil shipping industry is also perceived as an enormous environmental threat by Greenpeace and other NGOs. In addition to being a region that hosts large populations of fish and other animal life that could be threatened by an increase in fishing activity, critics also fear a massive oil spill, which, without the adequate infrastructure to prevent it or contain it, could be devastating for the ecology of the Arctic.</p>
<h4>Links:</h4>
<h5>First Voyages:</h5>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/world/europe/russia-preparing-patrols-of-arctic-shipping-lanes.html?_r=1">Russia Preparing Patrols of Arctic Shipping Lanes | NYT</a>
<br>
<a href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/09/27/northwest-passage-crossed-by-first-cargo-ship-the-nordic-orion-heralding-new-era-of-arctic-commercial-activity/">Northwest Passage crossed by first cargo ship, the Nordic Orion, heralding new era of Arctic commercial activity | National Post</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/20131029/south-koreans-take-first-northern-sea-route-cargo-delivery-russia"> South Koreans take first Northern Sea Route cargo delivery from Russia | Alaska Dispatch</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-01/tepco-to-get-lng-spot-cargo-from-norway-via-northern-sea-route.html"> Japan to Get Second LNG Spot Cargo From Norway via Arctic | Bloomberg</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/business/global/warming-revives-old-dream-of-sea-route-in-russian-arctic.html"> Warming Revives Dream of Sea Route in Russian Arctic | NYT</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/18/china-northeastern-sea-route-trial-voyage"> China's voyage of discovery to cross the less frozen north | The Guardian</a>
<br>
<h5>Commercial Advantage:</h5>
<a href="http://www.gallois.be/ggmagazine_2013/gg_02_03_2013_90.pdf"> Arctic Transit: Northern Sea Route | Gallois</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/29/shipping-arctic-idUSL5N0EA0RF20130529"> Ice levels, rule changes to boost Arctic northern sea route | Reuters</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/scitech/2013/10/15/icebergs-insurance-hamper-arctic-shipping-route-opened-by-climate-change"> Icebergs, insurance hamper Arctic shipping route opened by climate change | Times Live</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/a51a35e2-704c-11e2-ab31-00144feab49a.html#axzz2n0snAnS3"> Environment: Frozen frontiers | FT</a>
<br>
<h5>Environmental Issues:</h5>
<a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/charctic-interactive-sea-ice-graph/"> Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph | NSIDC</a>
<br>
<a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/"> Arctic Sea Ice News | NSIDC </a>
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<a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7bc8f3c2-0ca5-11e3-ba82-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2n0snAnS3"> Greenpeace icebreaker defies Russia ban on Northern Sea Route | FT</a>
<br>
<a href="http://greenpeaceblogs.org/2013/09/26/arctic-sunrise-activists-charged-with-piracy-in-russia/"> Latest Updates: Arctic 30 Out of Jail, Still Facing Serious Charges in Russia | Green Peace</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/climate/ten-reasons-why-shell-are-complicit-detention-arctic-30-20131112"> Ten reasons why Shell are complicit in the detention of the Arctic 30 | Green Peace</a>
<br>
<h5>Other:</h5>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/10/18/business/the-northeast-passage-opens-up.html"> The Northeast Passage Opens Up | NYT</a> <br>
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<h3>America’s Shale Gas and Oil</h3>
<p>Although some people argue that “fracking” will not revolutionize the energy business and that its positive effects have already plateaued, the US energy sector has definitely been through a major change in the last decade thanks to this new technology. For example, gas output in the US has risen by one third since 2008, jobs in the energy sector have doubled since 2005 and oil production has gone from 15 million barrels a day in 2006 to more than 22 million, almost surpassing Russia, the world’s largest producer. Furthermore, as gas and oil production have continued to grow and gas prices have continued to drop, the US has converted some of its energy terminals from imports to exports and is again attracting petrochemical and metal industries to its ports.</p>
<p>However, even though some aspects of fracking may have benefited the environment - greenhouse emissions, for example, have fallen by 10% as coal plants get replaced by gas plants - this new technology remains highly controversial, with environmental groups all over the globe arguing for tighter controls or even a total ban on the technology. In addition, environmental studies have not been conclusive about the technology’s impacts, which some people say might include water pollution, tremors or methane leaks.</p>
<h4>Links:</h4>
<h5>Economy:</h5>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/business/21589870-capitalists-not-just-greens-are-now-questioning-how-significant-benefits-shale-gas-and"> From sunset to new dawn | The Economist </a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/12/the-insourcing-boom/309166/"> The Insourcing Boom | The Atlantic </a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21590106-oil-and-gas-offer-glimpse-americas-powers-regeneration-fracktacular"> Fracktacular | The Economist </a>
<br>
<h5>Environmental Issues:</h5>
<a href="http://mitei.mit.edu/publications/reports-studies/future-natural-gas"> Future of Natural Gas | MIT</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/23/business/energy-environment/wyomings-strong-fracking-rules-may-be-a-model.html?_r=0"> Strong Rules on Fracking in Wyoming Seen as Model | NYT</a>
<br>
<h5>Other:</h5>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/11/desalination"> Out of the deep | The Economist</a>
<br>
<a href="http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/drilling/"> Natural Gas Drilling in Pennsylvania | State Impact </a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/business/21582482-few-businesspeople-have-done-much-change-world-george-mitchell-father"> The father of fracking | The Economist </a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21558462"> Landscape with well | The Economist</a>
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<h3>Ecuador and its Rainforest</h3>
<p>In 2007 the Ecuadorian president, Rafael Correa asked leaders of the world to pay Ecuador $3.6 billion dollars in exchange for not drilling under the Yasuni National Park in the Amazon jungle. But after receiving only $13.3 million (less than 0.4% of the initial request), Ecuador’s president cancelled the offer and is now proposing to drill under the park which holds an estimated 840 million barrels of oil, valued at $18 billion.</p>
<p>The park however, contains countless endangered species of animals and birds and hosts Amerindian people living in isolation, some of them possibly living in the designated drilling areas. The Ecuadorian government has said that it will only disturb 1% of the park’s area, but environmental groups and NGOs have since began fighting the project which might end up being decided through a national referendum.</p>
<h4>Links:</h5>
<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21586825-correa-gets-away-u-turn-its-hard-be-green?zid=298&ah=0bc99f9da8f185b2964b6cef412227be"> It’s hard to be green | The Economist </a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/letters/21587764-armenia-ecuador-e-cigarettes-azerbaijan-3d-printing-germany-machiavelli-bon-jovi"> On Armenia, Ecuador, e-cigarettes, Azerbaijan, 3D printing, Germany, Machiavelli, Bon Jovi, Congress | The Atlantic </a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21587825-rafael-correa-lambasts-us-and-empire-capital-volcano-erupts?zid=298&ah=0bc99f9da8f185b2964b6cef412227be"> A volcano erupts | The Economist </a>
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<a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/02/05/171172196/episode-433-holding-a-rainforest-hostage"> Episode 433: Holding A Rainforest Hostage? | NPR</a>
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<a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/02/216878935/ecuador-to-world-pay-up-to-save-the-rainforest-world-to-ecuador-meh"> Ecuador To World: Pay Up To Save The Rainforest. World To Ecuador: Meh. | NPR</a>
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<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/andes-to-the-amazon/2013/oct/15/ecuador-president-misleading-yasuni"> Why Ecuador's president is misleading the world on Yasuni-ITT | The Guardian </a>
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<a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/125-yasuni-national-park/wallace-text"> Rain Forest for Sale | National Geographic </a>
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<a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/125-yasuni-national-park/yasuni-photography#/01-kapok-tree-bromeliads-670.jpg"> Yasuní National Park | National Geographic</a>
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<h3>"Bunkering" in Nigeria</h3>
<p>By some estimates, more than 10% of Nigeria’s oil production is being stolen every day. This amounts to 300,000 - 400,000 barrels of oil per day, which on a yearly basis could be worth more than $3.5 billion.</p>
<p>“Bunkering”, as oil theft is known in Nigeria, happens at multiple scales, from the local community of fishermen, stealing and locally refining small quantities of oil, to international criminal networks, siphoning thousands of barrels of oil a day into barges and ships that then sell the oil to international refineries and trade it on the international market. Similarly, the networks of people involved in this trade span a wide range of professions, including local farmers and fishermen, security forces, oil industry staff, members of the military and even politicians, in addition to international arms and drug smugglers, pirates and financiers in London, New York and Geneva.</p>
<p>Finally, pipeline sabotage and bunkering also cause widespread oil spills and ecological damage to the Niger River Delta, threatening the livelihood of local farmers and fishermen.</p>
<h4>Links:</h4>
<h5>Oil Spills:</h5>
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18875731"> Shell urged to pay Nigeria $5bn over Bonga oil spill | BBC </a>
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<a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/27/uk-shell-nigeria-idUKBRE92Q17D20130327"> Nigerian agencies seek $11.5 billion oil spill payout from Shell | Reuters </a>
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<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22487099"> Niger Delta pollution: Fishermen at risk amidst the oil | BBC </a>
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<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10313107"> Nigeria: 'World oil pollution capital' | BBC </a>
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<h5>Corruption:</h5>
<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/oct/06/oil-theft-costs-nigeria">£1bn a month: the spiralling cost of oil theft in Nigeria | The Guardian</a>
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FTiQ9ROMw0"> Bunkering in Nigeria | Vice Media + HBO</a>
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<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18238973"> Nigeria's President Jonathan 'must act over fuel scam' | BBC </a>
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<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7519302.stm"> 'Blood oil' dripping from Nigeria | BBC </a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21564906-goodluck-jonathan-says-he-wants-reform-oil-industry-really"> A desperate need for reform | The Economist</a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2013/10/oil-theft-nigeria"> A murky business | The Economist</a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21560299"> Still an oily dangerous mess | The Economist</a>
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<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/business/21579469-court-documents-shed-light-manoeuvrings-shell-and-eni-win-huge-nigerian-oil-block">Safe sex in Nigeria | The Economist</a>
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<h5>Local Refineries:</h5>
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18973637"> Nigeria's booming illegal oil refineries | The Economist</a>
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<h5> Other: </h5>
<a href="http://www.stakeholderdemocracy.org/"> Stakeholder Democracy</a>
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<a href="http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Africa/0913pr_nigeriaoil.pdf?dm_i=1TY5,1TWRR,BHZKWB,6JT2M,1"> Nigeria’s Criminal Crude: International Options to Combat the Export of Stolen Oil | Chatham House</a>
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