Investigate causes of poor scaling in multi-GPU runs

[simonbyrne]

It seems to primarily be driven by GC. Need to look at memory allocations, and mechanism to synchronize the garbage collector.

cf earlier discussion here #686

[simonbyrne]

Looks like there were a couple of issues:

1. I didn't request an extra CPU core for the profiler
2. I didn't request enough memory, so GC was getting triggered more often.

Fixing those, and specifying a higher GC frequency fixes the GC pauses
https://buildkite.com/clima/climaatmos-target-gpu-simulations/builds/111#018b3c1f-a277-4683-b446-13423f7ea108

However we're still getting stuck in epoll_wait before the MPI communication starts:

This appears to be JuliaGPU/CUDA.jl#1910. This is fixed in CUDA.jl 5 (JuliaGPU/CUDA.jl#2025), but unfortunately we can't upgrade yet (CliMA/ClimaCore.jl#1500)

[simonbyrne]

Update: we are still seeing some cases where CPU cores are idle, which causes 3ms-6ms delays.

Current plan (discussed with @sriharshakandala @bloops)

• See if we have the same issue on the HPC cluster?
• Try disabling GC altogether?
• Investigate thread pinning, see ThreadPinning.jl
• Split hyperdiffusion across multiple threads/streams

[simonbyrne]

Notes on thread pinning:

• can also use JULIA_EXCLUSIVE=1
• https://discourse.julialang.org/t/best-strategy-to-choose-the-number-of-gc-threads-on-a-cluster/107596
• JULIA_EXCLUSIVE with auto threads errors on 1.10, mac/arm64 JuliaLang/julia#50702

[simonbyrne]

I tried using JULIA_EXCLUSIVE=1, but it gave worse results. My suspicion is that it could be due to hyperthreads, will need to investigate further.

[charleskawczynski]

Is there a reproducer for this? Or a job ID that we can add for reference?

[charleskawczynski]

We use the blocking by default now: https://github.com/search?q=repo%3ACliMA%2FClimaCore.jl%20blocking&type=code.

[charleskawczynski]

Reproducer is on GPU target pipeline

[simonbyrne]

Okay, so here is what I've learnt:

On the Slurm side

• you need to specify --cpus-per-task=n in both the sbatch and srun (the sbatch ones used to be automatically forwarded, but not any more, see https://groups.google.com/g/slurm-users/c/JQRgrKaKCcw/m/hpZtXOfwEQAJ
• you need to specify --cpu-bind=threads in srun.

On the Julia side

• due to JULIA_EXCLUSIVE with auto threads errors on 1.10, mac/arm64 JuliaLang/julia#50702, you need to specify fewer Julia threads than CPUs
• if using nsys profile, it can be helpful to leave a core for that as well.

[simonbyrne]

One other opportunity for improvement:

Our current DSS operation looks something like

1. launch fill send buffer kernels
2. CUDA.synchronize()
3. MPI.Startall(...)
4. launch internal dss kernels
5. MPI.Waitall(...)
6. launch exterior kernels

The problem is that the GPU is completely idle during 3, and during the launch latency of 4:

Instead of synchronizing the whole stream, we could instead synchronize via events:

1. launch fill send buffer kernels
2. CUDA.record(send_event)
3. launch internal dss kernels
4. CUDA.synchronize(send_event)
5. MPI.Startall(...)
6. MPI.Waitall(...)
7. launch exterior kernels

In this way, the internal dss kernels can run during MPI communication.

[simonbyrne]

Oh, and also it appears that thread pinning on clima is a net negative. It causes occasional ~10-20ms when the OS thread scheduler kicks in:

On the other hand, as long as we use Slurm thread binding (but not process thread pinning) with a sufficient number of threads (in this case, 4 hardware threads assigned to 3 julia threads), we do see occasional very short (20us) pauses, but it then switches to a new hardware thread, having very little net effect (notice the change in color):

I've updated our GPU pipeline in #2585

[charleskawczynski]

CliMA/ClimaTimeSteppers.jl#260 should help with scaling by reducing the number of DSS calls (we'll be eliminating 4 per timestep).

[charleskawczynski]

Upgrading CUDA and Adapt, plus JuliaGPU/Adapt.jl#78 will reduce allocations for GPU runs by a factor of ~15, which may help reduce GC pressure. We should be able to reduce the frequency of GC calls after this update.