diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encoding.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encoding.cc
index e7e824896b191..ca7b8d594a3e5 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encoding.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encoding.cc
@@ -499,7 +499,10 @@ class DictEncoderImpl : public EncoderImpl, virtual public DictEncoder<DType> {
         dict_encoded_size_(0),
         memo_table_(pool, kInitialHashTableSize) {}
 
-  ~DictEncoderImpl() override { DCHECK(buffered_indices_.empty()); }
+  ~DictEncoderImpl() override {
+    if (!buffered_indices_.empty())
+      ClearIndices();
+  }
 
   int dict_encoded_size() const override { return dict_encoded_size_; }