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dcled.c
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dcled.c
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/* dcled - userland driver for Dream Cheeky (Dream Link?) USB LED Message Board
* Copyright 2009-2014 Jeff Jahr <[email protected]> */
/* This is free software. G'head, use it all you want. Version 1.0 took ~12
* hours to write, and was my first foray into usb device programming. This is
* probably not a real good example of how to do ANYTHING. Sun Jan 4 00:18:41
* PST 2009 -jsj */
/* dcled contains contributions from -
* Andy Scheller
* Michael Wensley
* Glen Smith
* Robert Flick
* Stefan Misch
*/
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <glob.h>
#include <libusb.h>
#include <math.h>
#define VENDOR 0x1d34
#define PRODUCT 0x0013
/* heh heh. ledsx. thats almost dirty. */
#define LEDSX 21
#define LEDSY 7
#define FONTX 5
#define FONTY 7
#define MAXTESTPAT 8
/* if it isn't defined in the make file... */
#ifndef FONTDIR
#define FONTDIR "."
#endif
#ifndef DCLEDVERSION
#define DCLEDVERSION "0.0"
#endif
/* This is the usage that gets sent to the device, from the docs supplied by
* Alvin Wong. */
struct ledpkt {
unsigned char brightness;
unsigned char row;
unsigned char data1[3];
unsigned char data2[3];
};
/* struct for a version 0 font definition */
struct ledfont {
char *name;
char *description;
char *author;
int dataformat;
int dispwidth;
int dispheight;
char data[256][FONTY];
};
/* list of available fonts. */
struct ledfontlist {
struct ledfont *font;
struct ledfontlist *next;
};
/* This is a basic definition of the led display. 0,0 is the upper left. */
struct ledscreen {
libusb_device_handle *handle;
unsigned char path_in_len;
int *path_in;
int brightness;
int scrolldelay;
int scrolldir;
int preamble;
int tach;
time_t lastupdate;
int led[LEDSX][LEDSY];
struct ledfont *font;
};
struct preamble {
const char *name;
const char *description;
const char *author;
};
struct preamble preambles[] = {
{ "none" ,"The default","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "dots" ,"A string of random dots","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "static" ,"Warms up like an old TV","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "squiggle","A squiggly line","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "clock24" ,"Shows the 24 hour time", "Andy Scheller"},
{ "clock" ,"Shows the time", "Andy Scheller" },
{ "spiral" ,"Draws a spiral", "Glen Smith" },
{ "fire" ,"A nice warm hearth", "Glen Smith" },
{ "bcdclock" ,"Shows the time in binary", "Jeff Jahr" },
{ NULL,NULL,NULL }
};
struct preamble tachs[] = {
{ "none" ,"The default","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "tach" ,"A simple tachometer","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "static" ,"Random dots","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "scroll" ,"Scrolling bar graph","Jeff Jahr" },
{ "fireline","Fireline Tach","Jeff Jahr" },
{ NULL,NULL,NULL }
};
void clearscreen(int mode,struct ledscreen *disp);
void scroll(int dir, struct ledscreen *disp);
void scrollmsg(struct ledscreen *disp, char* buf);
void scrollrndfade(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width);
void scrollpreamble(int isend, struct ledscreen *disp);
void staticwarmup(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width);
void scrollsquiggle(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width);
void printtime(struct ledscreen *disp,int mode);
void spiral(struct ledscreen *disp);
void fire(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend);
struct ledfont *allocfont(void);
struct ledfont *initfont1(struct ledfont *target);
struct ledfont *initfont2(struct ledfont *target);
struct ledfont *loadfont(char *filename);
void savefonts(struct ledfontlist *fontlist);
void drawtach(struct ledscreen *disp, int load);
int debug = 0;
int echo = 0;
int fastprint = 0;
int nodev = 0;
int repeat=0;
char version[] = DCLEDVERSION;
/* This sends a copy of the ledscreen to stdout. Useful as a debug. */
void print_screen (struct ledscreen *sc) {
int x,y;
for (y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
for(x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
if(sc->led[x][y] == 1) {
printf("O");
} else {
printf(".");
}
}
printf("\n");
};
printf("\n");
return;
}
/* This sends the led array in the ledscreen structure to the device. Call it
* when you want to update the display. Seems like the device wants to clear
* itself after about a second, so you might want to keep calling this to
* refesh the device. */
void send_screen (struct ledscreen *disp) {
char bigpkt[sizeof(struct ledpkt) * 4];
struct ledpkt pkt;
int row, col, bytep, bitp;
static const int HID_SET_REPORT = 0x09;
if(debug) print_screen(disp);
time(&(disp->lastupdate));
for(row=0;row<LEDSY;row+=2) {
pkt.brightness = disp->brightness;
pkt.row = row;
for(bytep=0;bytep<=2;bytep++) {
pkt.data1[bytep] = 0xff;
pkt.data2[bytep] = 0xff;
}
bytep=2;
bitp=0;
for(col=0;col<LEDSX;col++) {
if (disp->led[col][row] == 1) {
pkt.data1[bytep] &= ~(1<<bitp);
}
if (disp->led[col][row+1] == 1) {
pkt.data2[bytep] &= ~(1<<bitp);
}
bitp++;
if(bitp==8) {
bitp=0;
bytep--;
}
}
memcpy(bigpkt+((row/2)*sizeof(struct ledpkt)), &pkt, sizeof(struct ledpkt));
}
if (!nodev) {
const unsigned int chunk_count = 4;
const unsigned int chunk_size = sizeof(bigpkt) / chunk_count;
int chunk;
for (chunk=0;chunk<chunk_count;chunk++) {
libusb_control_transfer(
disp->handle,
(LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE | LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS | LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT),
HID_SET_REPORT,
0, 0,
bigpkt+(chunk*chunk_size), chunk_size,
1000
);
}
}
}
/* clears the screen either by flasing it to zeros, or by scrolling it away.*/
void clearscreen(int mode,struct ledscreen *disp) {
int x,y;
switch (mode) {
case 1: /* west scroll */
for(x=0;x<=LEDSX;x++) {
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
scroll(3,disp);
}
break;
default:
case 0: /* clear */
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = 0;
}
}
break;
break;
}
return;
}
int open_usbdev(struct ledscreen *disp) {
libusb_device **list;
libusb_device *device;
libusb_device *found = NULL;
libusb_device_handle *handle;
struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
ssize_t cnt;
ssize_t i = 0;
if (libusb_init(NULL)) {
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(debug) {
libusb_set_debug(NULL,3);
}
/* Fetch a list of all the available devices. */
cnt = libusb_get_device_list(NULL, &list);
if (cnt < 0) {
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* walk the list, looking for our friend. */
for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
device = list[i];
if(libusb_get_device_descriptor(device, &desc)) {
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* When its time to add support choosing between multiple boards, this
* is where the logic would go.*/
if ((desc.idVendor == VENDOR) &&
(desc.idProduct == PRODUCT)
) {
found = device;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
/* couldnt find the board. */
libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(libusb_open(found, &handle)) {
/* couldnt get a handle on it... */
libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* all done with that list of devices.. */
libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
disp->handle = handle;
/* if the kernel hid driver is installed, get rid of it.*/
if(libusb_kernel_driver_active(handle,0)) {
libusb_detach_kernel_driver(handle,0);
}
/* Go on, take the money and run... */
if(libusb_claim_interface(handle,0)) {
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
/* can call this even if no device was ever set up. */
void close_usbdev(struct ledscreen *disp) {
if(!disp){
return;
}
if(!(disp->handle)) {
return;
}
libusb_release_interface(disp->handle,0);
libusb_close(disp->handle);
if(disp) {
disp->handle = NULL;
}
libusb_exit(NULL);
}
/* shift the disp one pixel in the given direction.*/
/* not all directions are implemented yet.*/
void scroll(int dir, struct ledscreen *disp) {
int x,y;
switch (dir) {
case 0: /* north - up */
for(x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY-1;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = disp->led[x][y+1];
}
}
for(x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
disp->led[x][LEDSY-1] = 0;
}
break;
case 1: /* east - right */
for(x=LEDSX-1;x>0;x--) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = disp->led[x-1][y];
}
}
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[0][y] = 0;
}
break;
case 2: /* south - down */
case 3: /* west - left */
default:
for(x=0;x<LEDSX-1;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = disp->led[x+1][y];
}
}
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] = 0;
}
}
return;
}
/* overlay a character onto the display with the leftmost edge of the char
* starting at xloc. */
void printchar(struct ledscreen *disp, char c, int xloc) {
int cx,x,y;
char *f;
f=(char*)disp->font->data;
for(y=0;y<(disp->font->dispheight);y++) {
for (cx=0,x=xloc;x<LEDSX && cx<=(disp->font->dispwidth);cx++,x++) {
disp->led[x][y] =
((*(f+(c*FONTY)+y) & (1<<cx))!=0)? 1:disp->led[x][y];
}
}
}
/* print a single decimal digit as a vertical line of binary bits. */
void printBCDchar(struct ledscreen *disp, char c, int xloc, int baseline) {
int val;
if (baseline >= LEDSY || baseline-5 < 0) {
baseline = LEDSY-1;
}
if (!isdigit(c)) {
if ( c == '|' ) {
val = 15;
} else {
val = 0;
}
} else {
val = c - '0';
}
disp->led[xloc][baseline-0]=(val&1)?1:0;
disp->led[xloc][baseline-1]=(val&2)?1:0;
disp->led[xloc][baseline-2]=(val&4)?1:0;
disp->led[xloc][baseline-3]=(val&8)?1:0;
return;
}
/* make one of those BCD clock displays that every geek seems to have.*/
void bcdclock(struct ledscreen *disp, int forever) {
time_t rawtime;
time_t firsttime;
struct tm* timeinfo;
char strtime[11];
int x;
char *p;
time(&firsttime);
time(&rawtime);
while(forever || (rawtime - firsttime) < 3) {
time(&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime(&rawtime);
strftime(strtime, 11, " %I %M %S ", timeinfo);
clearscreen(0, disp);
/* draw the digits */
for(p=strtime,x=1;*p;p++,x+=2) {
printBCDchar(disp, *p, x, LEDSY-3);
}
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay * 10);
}
}
/* Contributed by Andy Scheller */
/* displays the time in HH:MM format, set mode to 1 for 24-hour display.*/
void printtime(struct ledscreen *disp, int mode) {
time_t rawtime;
struct tm* timeinfo;
time(&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime(&rawtime);
char strtime[6];
strftime(strtime, 6, (mode==1?"%H:%M":"%I:%M"), timeinfo);
clearscreen(0, disp);
printchar(disp,strtime[0],0);
printchar(disp,strtime[1],4);
printchar(disp,strtime[2],8);
printchar(disp,strtime[3],12);
printchar(disp,strtime[4],16);
}
/* This is Andy Scheller's printtime code, modified to run forever and wiggle
* the colon. Heh heh. Thats almost dirty.*/
void clockmode(struct ledscreen *disp, int mode, int forever) {
time_t rawtime;
time_t firsttime;
struct tm* timeinfo;
int oddsec;
char strtime[6];
if (mode == 3) {
bcdclock(disp,forever);
return;
}
time(&firsttime);
time(&rawtime);
while(forever || (rawtime - firsttime) < 3) {
time(&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime(&rawtime);
oddsec = rawtime%2;
if(mode == 1) {
strftime(strtime, 6, "%H:%M", timeinfo);
} else {
strftime(strtime, 6, "%I:%M", timeinfo);
}
clearscreen(0, disp);
printchar(disp,strtime[0],0);
printchar(disp,strtime[1],4);
printchar(disp,strtime[2],8+oddsec);
printchar(disp,strtime[3],12);
printchar(disp,strtime[4],16);
send_screen(disp);
usleep(100000);
}
}
/* Prints a test pattern to the screen. pattern 0 and 1 are the all-on
* and all-off patterns, which are pretty useful. */
void testpatern (int which, struct ledscreen *disp) {
int x, y;
/*char font[256*FONTY];*/
switch(which) {
case 0: /* all off */
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = 0;
}
}
break;
case 1: /* all on */
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = 1;
}
}
break;
case 2: /* box borders */
for(x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
disp->led[x][0] = 1;
disp->led[x][LEDSY-1] = 1;
}
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[0][y] = 1;
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] = 1;
}
break;
case 3: /* box corners */
disp->led[0][0] = 1;
disp->led[LEDSX-1][0] = 1;
disp->led[LEDSX-1][LEDSY-1] = 1;
disp->led[0][LEDSY-1] = 1;
break;
case 4: /* simple diag */
for(x=0,y=0;x<LEDSX && y<LEDSY;x++, y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = 1;
}
break;
case 5: /* random */
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] = (rand()>=(RAND_MAX/2))?1:0;
}
}
break;
case 6: /* Jeff */
printchar(disp,'J',0);
printchar(disp,'e',4);
printchar(disp,'f',8);
printchar(disp,'f',12);
printchar(disp,'!',16);
break;
case 7: /* 12h time */
printtime(disp,0);
break;
case 8: /* 24h time */
printtime(disp,1);
break;
}
return;
}
/* scrolls random data. kinda cool, used during development. */
void scrolltest(struct ledscreen *disp) {
int y;
clearscreen(0,disp);
while(1) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] = (rand()<(RAND_MAX/3))?1:0;
}
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
scroll(3,disp);
}
}
/* call the right graphic header depending on style and direction. */
void scrollpreamble(int isend, struct ledscreen *disp) {
switch (disp->preamble) {
case 7:
fire(disp,isend);
return;
case 6:
spiral(disp);
return;
case 8:
if (!isend) {
clockmode(disp,3,0);
}
return;
case 5:
if (!isend) {
clockmode(disp,2,0);
}
return;
case 4:
if (!isend) {
clockmode(disp,1,0);
}
return;
case 3:
scrollsquiggle(disp,isend,5*LEDSX);
return;
case 2:
staticwarmup(disp,isend,5*LEDSX);
return;
case 1:
scrollrndfade(disp,isend,3*LEDSX);
return;
case 0:
default:
if (isend && !fastprint) {
clearscreen(1,disp);
}
return;
}
}
/* make the display warm up with static, like an old tv. */
void staticwarmup(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width) {
int count, origbright;
int x,y;
if (!isend) {
origbright = disp->brightness;
for (count=0;count<width;count++) {
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[x][y] =
(1.8*(float)rand()*width/(float)(RAND_MAX)<count)?1:0;
disp->brightness =
(int)(3.0*(((float)count/(float)width)+0.3*(float)rand()/(float)(RAND_MAX)));
}
}
send_screen(disp);
}
disp->brightness = origbright;
clearscreen(0,disp);
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay * 5);
} else {
clearscreen(1,disp);
}
}
/* A random banner */
void scrollrndfade(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width) {
int y;
int odds;
if (!isend) {
for(odds=0;odds<width;odds++){
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] =
(1.8*(float)rand()*width/(float)(RAND_MAX)<odds)?1:0;
}
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
scroll(3,disp);
}
scroll(3,disp);
scroll(3,disp);
} else {
scroll(3,disp);
scroll(3,disp);
for(odds=width;odds>0;odds--){
for(y=0;y<LEDSY;y++) {
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] =
(1.8*(float)rand()*width/(float)(RAND_MAX)<odds)?1:0;
}
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
scroll(3,disp);
}
clearscreen(1,disp);
}
}
/* its a squiggly line. */
void scrollsquiggle(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend, int width) {
int count;
float yf,diff;
int y;
scroll(3,disp);
yf = y = LEDSY/2;
for(count=0;count<width;count++){
diff = (2.0*((float)rand()/(float)(RAND_MAX))-1.0);
yf+=diff;
if(yf > LEDSY-1 || yf < 0.0) {
yf-=1.5*diff;
}
y = yf;
disp->led[LEDSX-1][y] = 1;
scroll(3,disp);
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
}
scroll(3,disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
}
/* its a spiral. Contributed by Glen Smith. */
void spiral(struct ledscreen *disp) {
int offset,count=0,state,x,y;
clearscreen(0, disp);
offset=0;
state=1;
while(count<2) {
while(offset<4) {
for (x=0;x<(LEDSX-offset);x++) {
disp->led[x][y+offset] = state;
send_screen(disp);
usleep(100);
}
for (y=0;y<(LEDSY-offset);y++) {
disp->led[(LEDSX-1)-offset][y] = state;
send_screen(disp);
usleep(100);
}
for (x=(LEDSX-1-offset);x>=0;x--) {
disp->led[x][(LEDSY-1)-offset] = state;
send_screen(disp);
usleep(100);
}
for (y=(LEDSY-1-offset);y>=(1+offset);y--) {
disp->led[x+1+offset][y] = state;
send_screen(disp);
usleep(100);
}
y=0;
x=0;
offset++;
}
offset=0;
count++;
state=0;
}
}
/* Its a fire. Contributed by Glen Smith */
/* Made to fade in and out for a preamble by Jeff Jahr */
void fire(struct ledscreen *disp, int isend) {
int count, x, y, origbright, height;
float scale,burnrate;
origbright = disp->brightness;
if (isend) {
scale = 1.0;
} else {
scale = 0.1;
}
while (scale <= 1.0 && scale >= 0) {
count=0;
while(count<4) {
clearscreen(0, disp);
for (x=0;x<LEDSX;x++) {
height = scale * (rand()/(((double)RAND_MAX + 1) / LEDSY));
for (y=LEDSY-1;y>=(LEDSY-height);y--) {
disp->led[x][y] = 1;
}
}
disp->brightness = rand()/(((double)RAND_MAX + 1) / 2);
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay / 10);
count++;
}
if (scale>0.9) {
burnrate = 0.005 * ((isend)?-1:1);
} else {
burnrate = 0.06 * ((isend)?-1:1);
}
scale = scale + burnrate;
}
disp->brightness = origbright;
clearscreen(0, disp);
}
/* Runs a bunch of test patterns. */
void fancytest(struct ledscreen *disp, struct ledfontlist *fontlist) {
int count, tp, b, preamble;
char msg[8192];
struct ledfontlist *flp;
struct ledfont *origfont;
int origspeed;
int tach,load;
/* in case you want to write out the compiled in fonts. */
/* savefonts(fontlist); */
/* basic test paterns */
origspeed=disp->scrolldelay;
disp->scrolldelay = 100000;
for (count=0;count<1;count++){
for (tp=1;tp<=MAXTESTPAT;tp++) {
testpatern(0,disp);
testpatern(tp,disp);
for (b=0;b<=2;b++) {
disp->brightness = b;
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
}
}
}
testpatern(0,disp);
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed;
/* now demo all of the preambles. */
preamble = 1;
origspeed=disp->scrolldelay;
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed * 4;
scrollmsg(disp," Preambles \n");
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed;
while ( preambles[preamble].name != NULL) {
snprintf(msg,8192,"%s - %-10s <%s>",
preambles[preamble].name,
preambles[preamble].description,
preambles[preamble].author
);
disp->preamble = preamble;
scrollpreamble(0,disp);
scrollmsg(disp,msg);
scrollpreamble(1,disp);
preamble++;
}
/* demo the tachs */
tach = 1;
origspeed=disp->scrolldelay;
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed * 4;
scrollmsg(disp," Tachometers \n");
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed;
while ( tachs[tach].name != NULL) {
for(load=0;load<=100;load+=10) {
disp->tach=tach;
drawtach(disp,load);
usleep(250000);
}
for(load=100;load>0;load-=11) {
disp->tach=tach;
drawtach(disp,load);
usleep(250000);
}
clearscreen(1, disp);
snprintf(msg,8192,"%s - %-10s <%s>",
tachs[tach].name,
tachs[tach].description,
tachs[tach].author
);
scrollmsg(disp,msg);
clearscreen(1, disp);
tach++;
}
/* demo the fonts. */
disp->preamble = 0;
origfont = disp->font;
origspeed=disp->scrolldelay;
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed * 4;
scrollmsg(disp," Fonts \n");
disp->scrolldelay = origspeed;
for(flp=fontlist;flp;flp=flp->next) {
snprintf(msg,8192,"'%s' - %s <%s>\n",
flp->font->name,
flp->font->description,
flp->font->author
);
disp->font = flp->font;
scrollmsg(disp,msg);
}
clearscreen(1, disp);
disp->preamble = 0;
disp->font = origfont;
disp->scrolldelay = 10000;
disp->brightness = 0;
sprintf(msg,"*** dcled %s Copyright 2014 Jeff Jahr <[email protected]> *** ",version);
scrollmsg(disp,msg);
}
/* scroll a character onto the display. Not all directions are implemented
* yet.*/
void scrollchar(struct ledscreen *disp, char ch) {
int w;
for (w=1;w<=(disp->font->dispwidth);w++) {
scroll(3,disp);
printchar(disp,ch,LEDSX-w);
send_screen(disp);
usleep(disp->scrolldelay);
}
if(echo){
fputc(ch,stdout);
fflush(stdout);
}
}
/* char by char, scroll a string onto the screen. This is pretty much what
* we're here for, isn't it? */
void scrollmsg(struct ledscreen *disp, char* buf) {
char *p;
p=buf;
while(*p){
scrollchar(disp,*p++);
}
return;
}
void keep_lit(struct ledscreen *disp) {
while (1) {
send_screen(disp);
usleep(250000);
}
}
/* Jump to the end of the message and print just the chars that will fit on the
* screen without scrolling. Contributed by Robert Flick */
void printmsg_raw(struct ledscreen *disp, char* msg) {
char* p = msg;
int i = 0;
int numchars, start;
/* set pack to 0 if you want space between letters and only four chars per display. */
int pack = 1;
numchars = LEDSX / ((disp->font->dispwidth)-pack);
start = strlen(msg);
if (start > 0) {
/* trim a trailing newline, which would otherwise be rendered as a
* space by the line-by-line IO reader.*/
if ((*(msg+start-1)) == '\n') {