From 21ed15d0dfd6a67652277fbe9a6d174305d74c27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adi-herwana-nus <adi.hwn@nus.edu.sg>
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 2025 19:15:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] feat(programming): Implement programming question
 snapshotting

---
 .../question/programming_controller.rb        | 48 ++++++++++
 .../answer/programming_auto_grading.rb        |  5 +
 app/models/course/assessment/question.rb      |  1 +
 .../question/forum_post_response.rb           |  4 +
 .../assessment/question/multiple_response.rb  |  4 +
 .../course/assessment/question/programming.rb | 26 ++++++
 .../question/rubric_based_response.rb         |  4 +
 .../course/assessment/question/scribing.rb    |  4 +
 .../assessment/question/text_response.rb      |  4 +
 .../assessment/question/voice_response.rb     |  4 +
 .../assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb |  2 +-
 .../programming_auto_grading_service.rb       | 16 +++-
 .../question/answers_evaluation_service.rb    | 19 +++-
 .../programming/_programming.json.jbuilder    |  9 +-
 .../ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx              |  9 ++
 .../assessment/submission/translations.ts     |  5 +
 .../submission/answer/programming.ts          |  1 +
 ...51_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb | 46 ++++++++++
 db/schema.rb                                  | 10 +-
 .../programming_controller_update_spec.rb     | 91 +++++++++++++++++++
 20 files changed, 304 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
 create mode 100644 spec/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller_update_spec.rb

diff --git a/app/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller.rb b/app/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller.rb
index 1112ca4cc60..15b5c0b2b90 100644
--- a/app/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller.rb
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def new
 
   def create
     @programming_question.package_type = programming_question_params.key?(:file) ? :zip_upload : :online_editor
+    @programming_question.current = @programming_question
     process_package
 
     if @programming_question.save
@@ -41,6 +42,27 @@ def edit
 
   def update
     result = @programming_question.class.transaction do
+      old_update_timestamp = @programming_question.snapshot_of_state_at
+
+      # Duplicate the original question as a snapshot
+      snapshot = @programming_question.dup
+      snapshot.current = @programming_question
+
+      snapshot.template_files = @programming_question.template_files.map do |template_file|
+        duplicated_template_file = template_file.dup
+        duplicated_template_file.question = snapshot
+        duplicated_template_file
+      end
+
+      snapshot.test_cases = @programming_question.test_cases.map do |test_case|
+        duplicated_test_case = test_case.dup
+        duplicated_test_case.question = snapshot
+
+        # Test case results aren't duplicated by default, so we do that now
+        duplicated_test_case.test_results = test_case.test_results.map(&:dup) if test_case.test_results.any?
+        duplicated_test_case
+      end
+
       @question_assessment.skill_ids = programming_question_params[:question_assessment].
                                        try(:[], :skill_ids)
       @programming_question.assign_attributes(programming_question_params.
@@ -48,8 +70,34 @@ def update
       @programming_question.is_synced_with_codaveri = false
       process_package
 
+      update_timestamp = Time.current
+      @programming_question.updated_at = update_timestamp
+      @programming_question.snapshot_of_state_at = update_timestamp
+      @programming_question.snapshot_index = @programming_question.snapshot_index + 1
+
       raise ActiveRecord::Rollback unless @programming_question.save
 
+      if @programming_question.should_create_snapshot?
+        @programming_question.update_column(:import_job_id, nil) # maintains uniqueness constraint
+        snapshot.skip_process_package = true
+        snapshot.save!
+
+        update_result = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(<<-SQL.squish
+          UPDATE course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings
+          SET question_snapshot_id = #{snapshot.id}
+          FROM course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings, course_assessment_answers, course_assessment_questions
+          WHERE course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings.id = course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings.actable_id
+            AND course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings.answer_id = course_assessment_answers.id
+            AND course_assessment_questions.id = course_assessment_answers.question_id
+            AND course_assessment_questions.actable_id = #{@programming_question.id}
+            AND course_assessment_questions.actable_type = 'Course::Assessment::Question::Programming'
+            AND (course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings.question_snapshot_id IS NULL
+                OR course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings.question_snapshot_id = #{@programming_question.id})
+        SQL
+        )
+        
+      end
+
       true
     end
 
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading.rb
index 85b3d3b4e49..fee6f200ee3 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ class Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGrading < ApplicationRecord
            class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGradingTestResult',
            foreign_key: :auto_grading_id, inverse_of: :auto_grading,
            dependent: :destroy
+  
+  belongs_to :question_snapshot,
+             class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question::Programming',
+             foreign_key: :question_snapshot_id,
+             optional: true
 
   private
 
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question.rb
index c4bb165fd8d..0b0f7e56042 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question < ApplicationRecord
   delegate :to_partial_path, to: :actable
   delegate :question_type, to: :actable
   delegate :question_type_readable, to: :actable
+  delegate :is_saving_snapshots?, to: :actable, allow_nil: true
 
   # Checks if the given question is auto gradable. This defaults to false if the specific
   # question does not implement auto grading. If this returns true, +auto_grader+ is guaranteed
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/forum_post_response.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/forum_post_response.rb
index b37bf14549a..2693044172e 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/forum_post_response.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/forum_post_response.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::ForumPostResponse < ApplicationRecord
   validates :max_posts, presence: true, numericality: { only_integer: true }
   validate :allowable_max_post_count
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def question_type
     'ForumPostResponse'
   end
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/multiple_response.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/multiple_response.rb
index 3f19d02e8c6..876e6404462 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/multiple_response.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/multiple_response.rb
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::MultipleResponse < ApplicationRecord
   # "any correct" allows it to have more than one correct answer.
   alias_method :multiple_choice?, :any_correct?
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def auto_gradable?
     true
   end
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
index 11aea92248c..fe0f15ca686 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::Programming < ApplicationRecord # rubocop:di
 
   acts_as :question, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question'
 
+  before_create :set_snapshot_attributes
+  after_destroy_commit :destroy_snapshots
   after_initialize :set_defaults
   before_save :process_package, unless: :skip_process_package?
   before_validation :assign_template_attributes
@@ -45,6 +47,20 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::Programming < ApplicationRecord # rubocop:di
   has_many :test_cases, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question::ProgrammingTestCase',
                         dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :question_id, inverse_of: :question
 
+  has_many :snapshots, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question::Programming',
+                       foreign_key: :current_id, inverse_of: :current
+
+  belongs_to :current, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question::Programming',
+                       optional: true, inverse_of: :snapshots
+
+  def should_create_snapshot?
+    !skip_process_package?
+  end
+
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    true
+  end
+
   def auto_gradable?
     !test_cases.empty?
   end
@@ -167,6 +183,12 @@ def create_or_update_codaveri_problem
 
   private
 
+  def set_snapshot_attributes
+    self.current ||= self
+    self.snapshot_of_state_at ||= Time.current
+    self.snapshot_index ||= 0
+  end
+
   def set_defaults
     self.max_time_limit = DEFAULT_CPU_TIMEOUT
     self.skip_process_package = false
@@ -262,6 +284,10 @@ def validate_codaveri_question
                  'Activate it in the course setting or switch this question into a non-codaveri type.')
     end
   end
+
+  def destroy_snapshots
+    self.snapshots.where.not(id: self).destroy_all
+  end
 end
 
 def validate_language_enabled
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/rubric_based_response.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/rubric_based_response.rb
index bd0532f51d5..d7a9bf4f00d 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/rubric_based_response.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/rubric_based_response.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ def initialize_duplicate(duplicator, other)
     self.categories = duplicator.duplicate(other.categories)
   end
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def auto_gradable?
     !categories.empty? && ai_grading_enabled?
   end
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/scribing.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/scribing.rb
index 664629dd474..7628cb49f53 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/scribing.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/scribing.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::Scribing < ApplicationRecord
   acts_as :question, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question'
   has_one_attachment
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def to_partial_path
     'course/assessment/question/scribing/scribing'
   end
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/text_response.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/text_response.rb
index c0531594a65..c92c3df014b 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/text_response.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/text_response.rb
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ class Course::Assessment::Question::TextResponse < ApplicationRecord
 
   accepts_nested_attributes_for :groups, allow_destroy: true
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def auto_gradable?
     if comprehension_question?
       groups.any?(&:auto_gradable_group?)
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/voice_response.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/voice_response.rb
index 41a09910a0a..9e90bdde4a3 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/voice_response.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/voice_response.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 class Course::Assessment::Question::VoiceResponse < ApplicationRecord
   acts_as :question, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question'
 
+  def is_saving_snapshots?
+    false
+  end
+
   def attempt(submission, last_attempt = nil)
     answer =
       Course::Assessment::Answer::VoiceResponse.new(submission: submission, question: question)
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
index ba497b8dd49..5cf0e95b42c 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def grade(answer)
     # Picks the grader to use for the given question.
     #
     # @param [Course::Assessment::Question] question The question that the needs to be graded.
-    # @return [Course::Assessment::Answer::AnswerAutoGraderService] The service object that can
+    # @return [Course::Assessment::Answer::AnswerAutoGradingService] The service object that can
     #   grade this question.
     def pick_grader(question)
       question.auto_grader
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
index a53ab16c8f5..0e0bc929a0f 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,18 @@
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGradingService < \
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
   def evaluate(answer)
-    answer.correct, grade, programming_auto_grading, = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
+    # We pre-load the programming question, including test cases,
+    # to ensure consistency with at least one saved snapshot.
+    question = Course::Assessment::Answer.includes(question: {actable: [:test_cases ]}).find_by_id(answer.id).question.actable
+
+    answer.correct, grade, programming_auto_grading, = evaluate_answer(answer.actable, question)
+
+    # If the question was updated during the evaluation, we can still find
+    # our original question by comparing the updated_at timestamps.
+    # this overrides auto_grading.actable_id, previous AG result is retained.
+    programming_auto_grading.question_snapshot_id = 
+      Course::Assessment::Question::Programming.
+        where(current_id: question.id, snapshot_of_state_at: question.snapshot_of_state_at).first&.id || question.id
     programming_auto_grading.auto_grading = answer.auto_grading
     grade
   end
@@ -14,9 +25,8 @@ def evaluate(answer)
   # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer::Programming] answer The answer specified by the student.
   # @return [Array<(Boolean, Integer, Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGrading)>] The
   #   correct status, grade and the programming auto grading record.
-  def evaluate_answer(answer)
+  def evaluate_answer(answer, question)
     course = answer.submission.assessment.course
-    question = answer.question.actable
     assessment = answer.submission.assessment
     question.max_time_limit = course.programming_max_time_limit
     question.attachment.open(binmode: true) do |temporary_file|
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/question/answers_evaluation_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/question/answers_evaluation_service.rb
index 2a11e9e060f..d8065f97992 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/question/answers_evaluation_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/question/answers_evaluation_service.rb
@@ -9,8 +9,23 @@ def initialize(question)
   end
 
   def call
-    @question.answers.without_attempting_state.find_each do |a|
-      a.auto_grade!(reduce_priority: true)
+    if @question.is_saving_snapshots?
+      # find_each queries objects in batches, the batching is based on the table primary key.
+      # In Rails 8, it will be possible to override the batch ordering using :cursor.
+      # For now, we have to manually query the latest_answer_ids first.
+      latest_answer_ids = @question.answers.
+        unscope(:order).
+        select('DISTINCT ON (submission_id) id').
+        without_attempting_state.
+        order('submission_id ASC, created_at DESC, id ASC')
+
+      Course::Assessment::Answer.where(id: latest_answer_ids).find_each do |a|
+        a.auto_grade!(reduce_priority: true)
+      end
+    else
+      @question.answers.without_attempting_state.find_each do |a|
+        a.auto_grade!(reduce_priority: true)
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
index be7e88ee0e9..2451f184618 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 submission = answer.submission
 assessment = submission.assessment
-question = answer.question.specific
 # If a non current_answer is being loaded, use it instead of loading the last_attempt.
 is_current_answer = answer.current_answer?
 latest_answer = last_attempt(answer)
 attempt = is_current_answer ? latest_answer : answer
+
+question = answer.question.specific
 auto_grading = attempt&.auto_grading&.specific
+graded_snapshot = auto_grading&.question_snapshot
+graded_on_past_snapshot = !(graded_snapshot.nil? || graded_snapshot == question)
+json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_on_past_snapshot
+if graded_on_past_snapshot
+  question = graded_snapshot
+end
 
 can_grade = can?(:grade, submission)
 
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
index 21368906286..3cd41e79d0a 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { Alert } from '@mui/material';
 import { QuestionType } from 'types/course/assessment/question';
 
 import actionTypes from 'course/assessment/submission/constants';
 import { useAppDispatch } from 'lib/hooks/store';
+import useTranslation from 'lib/hooks/useTranslation';
 
+import translations from '../../translations';
 import { AnswerDetailsProps } from '../../types';
 
 import CodaveriFeedbackStatus from './ProgrammingComponent/CodaveriFeedbackStatus';
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
   const annotations = answer.annotations ?? [];
 
   const dispatch = useAppDispatch();
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   useEffect(() => {
     dispatch({
@@ -27,6 +31,11 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
 
   return (
     <>
+      {answer.gradedOnPastSnapshot && (
+        <Alert severity="warning">
+          {t(translations.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot)}
+        </Alert>
+      )}
       {answer.fields.files_attributes.map((file) => (
         <FileContent
           key={`file-${file.id}-answer-${answer.id}`}
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
index e752fe3ac05..8977e23c3e4 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
@@ -196,6 +196,11 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.title',
     defaultMessage: 'Submission by {studentName}, Question {number}',
   },
+  answerGradedOnPastSnapshot: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot',
+    defaultMessage:
+      'Changes have been made to the question after this answer was graded.',
+  },
   historyQuestionTitle: {
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.questionTitle',
     defaultMessage: 'Question Details',
diff --git a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
index 3edc08e89e0..1fedc45608e 100644
--- a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
+++ b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ export interface ProgrammingAnswerData extends AnswerBaseData {
     explanation: string[];
     failureType: TestCaseType;
   };
+  gradedOnPastSnapshot: boolean;
   testCases: {
     canReadTests: boolean;
     public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb b/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdee076987a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+class AddProgrammingQuestionCurrentIds < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.2]
+  def up
+    # We set current_id values of all current questions to be equal to the question's own id.
+    # This causes problems if we attempt a cascading delete directly on DB.
+    add_reference :course_assessment_question_programming,
+                  :current,
+                  foreign_key: { to_table: :course_assessment_question_programming },
+                  null: true
+    add_column :course_assessment_question_programming,
+               :snapshot_index,
+               :integer
+    add_column :course_assessment_question_programming,
+               :snapshot_of_state_at,
+               :datetime
+
+    Course::Assessment::Question::Programming.reset_column_information
+    migration_timestamp = Time.current
+    Course::Assessment::Question::Programming.update_all(
+      "current_id = id, snapshot_index = 0, snapshot_of_state_at = '#{migration_timestamp.utc.iso8601}'"
+    )
+
+    # Add not-null constraints after initialization
+    change_column :course_assessment_question_programming,
+                  :snapshot_index,
+                  :integer,
+                  null: false
+    change_column :course_assessment_question_programming,
+                  :snapshot_of_state_at,
+                  :datetime,
+                  null: false
+
+    # This field is not initialized for performance reasons,
+    # so we interpret null values as meaning the grading was done with the current question.
+    add_reference :course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings,
+                  :question_snapshot,
+                  foreign_key: { to_table: :course_assessment_question_programming },
+                  null: true
+  end
+
+  def down
+    remove_reference :course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings, :question_snapshot
+    remove_column :course_assessment_question_programming, :snapshot_of_state_at
+    remove_column :course_assessment_question_programming, :snapshot_index
+    remove_reference :course_assessment_question_programming, :current
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 76e393407b4..ccd5299f4d5 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[7.2].define(version: 2025_06_19_030938) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[7.2].define(version: 2025_06_29_052451) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
   enable_extension "uuid-ossp"
@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@
     t.text "stdout"
     t.text "stderr"
     t.integer "exit_code"
+    t.bigint "question_snapshot_id"
+    t.index ["question_snapshot_id"], name: "idx_on_question_snapshot_id_80edeb1ca8"
   end
 
   create_table "course_assessment_answer_programming_file_annotations", id: :serial, force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -331,6 +333,10 @@
     t.boolean "live_feedback_enabled", default: false, null: false
     t.string "live_feedback_custom_prompt", default: "", null: false
     t.boolean "is_synced_with_codaveri", default: false, null: false
+    t.bigint "current_id"
+    t.integer "snapshot_index", null: false
+    t.datetime "snapshot_of_state_at", null: false
+    t.index ["current_id"], name: "index_course_assessment_question_programming_on_current_id"
     t.index ["import_job_id"], name: "index_course_assessment_question_programming_on_import_job_id", unique: true
     t.index ["language_id"], name: "fk__course_assessment_question_programming_language_id"
   end
@@ -1649,6 +1655,7 @@
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_multiple_response_options", "course_assessment_answer_multiple_responses", column: "answer_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_answer_multiple_response_options_answer_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_multiple_response_options", "course_assessment_question_multiple_response_options", column: "option_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_answer_multiple_response_options_option_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_programming", "jobs", column: "codaveri_feedback_job_id", on_delete: :nullify
+  add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings", "course_assessment_question_programming", column: "question_snapshot_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_programming_file_annotations", "course_assessment_answer_programming_files", column: "file_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_answer_ed21459e7a2a5034dcf43a14812cb17d"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_programming_files", "course_assessment_answer_programming", column: "answer_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_answer_programming_files_answer_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_answer_programming_test_results", "course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings", column: "auto_grading_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_answer_e3d785447112439bb306849be8690102"
@@ -1678,6 +1685,7 @@
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_bundles", "course_assessment_question_groups", column: "group_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_groups", "course_assessments", column: "assessment_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_multiple_response_options", "course_assessment_question_multiple_responses", column: "question_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_question_multiple_response_options_questio"
+  add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_programming", "course_assessment_question_programming", column: "current_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_programming", "jobs", column: "import_job_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_question_programming_import_job_id", on_delete: :nullify
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_programming", "polyglot_languages", column: "language_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_question_programming_language_id"
   add_foreign_key "course_assessment_question_programming_template_files", "course_assessment_question_programming", column: "question_id", name: "fk_course_assessment_questi_0788633b496294e558f55f2b41bc7c45"
diff --git a/spec/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller_update_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller_update_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f29e06736c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/controllers/course/assessment/question/programming_controller_update_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Course::Assessment::Question::ProgrammingController do
+  render_views
+  let(:instance) { Instance.default }
+  with_tenant(:instance) do
+    let(:programming_question) { nil }
+    let(:user) { create(:user) }
+    let(:course) { create(:course, creator: user) }
+    let(:assessment) { create(:assessment, course: course) }
+    let(:question_programming_attributes) do
+      attributes_for(:course_assessment_question_programming).
+        slice(:title, :description, :maximum_grade, :language, :memory_limit,
+              :time_limit).tap do |result|
+        result[:language_id] = result.delete(:language).id
+      end
+    end
+    let(:immutable_programming_question) do
+      create(:course_assessment_question_programming, assessment: assessment).tap do |question|
+        allow(question).to receive(:save).and_return(false)
+        allow(question).to receive(:destroy).and_return(false)
+      end
+    end
+
+    before do
+      controller_sign_in(controller, user)
+      controller.instance_variable_set(:@programming_question, programming_question)
+    end
+
+    describe '#update' do
+      subject do
+        request.accept = 'application/json'
+        patch :update, params: {
+          course_id: course, assessment_id: assessment, id: programming_question,
+          question_programming: question_programming_attributes
+        }
+      end
+
+      let!(:existing_language) { Coursemology::Polyglot::Language.find_by(name: 'Python 3.10') }
+
+      context 'when the programming question has data to snapshot' do
+        let(:programming_question) do
+          create(:course_assessment_question_programming, template_package: true,
+                 assessment: assessment).tap do |question|
+
+                  question.test_cases = [
+          build(:course_assessment_question_programming_test_case, question: nil, expression: '1', expected: '1'),
+          build(:course_assessment_question_programming_test_case, question: nil, expression: '2', expected: '2'),
+                  ]
+                 end
+        end
+
+        context 'when the evaluation fields are updated' do
+          let(:question_programming_attributes) do
+            attributes_for(:course_assessment_question_programming).slice(:time_limit).tap do |result|
+              result[:time_limit] = 11
+            end
+          end
+
+          it 'updates the question successfully, and clones test case data successfully' do
+            prev_snapshot_of_state_at = programming_question.snapshot_of_state_at
+            subject
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+            programming_question.reload
+            snapshots = programming_question.snapshots
+            expect(snapshots.size).to eq(2)
+            current_snapshot, old_snapshot = snapshots.partition { |s| s.id == programming_question.id }.map(&:first)
+
+            expect(old_snapshot.time_limit).to eq(10)
+            expect(old_snapshot.snapshot_of_state_at).to eq(prev_snapshot_of_state_at)
+            expect(old_snapshot.snapshot_index).to eq(0)
+
+            expect(current_snapshot.time_limit).to eq(11)
+            expect(current_snapshot.snapshot_of_state_at).to be > prev_snapshot_of_state_at
+            expect(current_snapshot.snapshot_index).to eq(1)
+
+            old_test_cases = old_snapshot.test_cases.group_by(&:expression)
+            current_test_cases = current_snapshot.test_cases.group_by(&:expression)
+
+            old_test_cases.each do |expr_key, expr_tests|
+              expect(current_test_cases[expr_key].count).to eq(1)
+              expect(current_test_cases[expr_key].first.id).to_not eq(expr_tests.first.id)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

From 61c77493836ff833843dff84b826c945a8c0f594 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adi-herwana-nus <adi.hwn@nus.edu.sg>
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2025 22:06:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] feat(programming): reinterpret auto_grading as
 many-to-one with answer

---
 .../submission/answer/answers_controller.rb   |  7 ++--
 .../submission/submissions_controller.rb      |  4 +--
 .../answer/base_auto_grading_job.rb           |  5 +--
 app/models/course/assessment/answer.rb        | 34 +++++++------------
 .../course/assessment/answer/auto_grading.rb  |  3 +-
 .../assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb | 13 ++++---
 .../multiple_response_auto_grading_service.rb |  4 +--
 .../programming_auto_grading_service.rb       |  8 ++---
 ...ogramming_codaveri_auto_grading_service.rb | 12 +++++--
 .../answer/rubric_auto_grading_service.rb     |  4 +--
 .../text_response_auto_grading_service.rb     |  4 +--
 ...onse_comprehension_auto_grading_service.rb |  4 +--
 .../_multiple_response.json.jbuilder          |  4 +--
 .../programming/_programming.json.jbuilder    | 10 +++---
 .../_rubric_based_response.json.jbuilder      |  4 +--
 .../_text_response.json.jbuilder              |  4 +--
 .../ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx              |  5 +++
 .../assessment/submission/translations.ts     |  5 +++
 .../submission/answer/programming.ts          |  1 +
 ...51_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb |  5 +++
 db/schema.rb                                  |  2 +-
 .../answer/auto_grading_job_spec.rb           | 12 +++----
 .../programming_auto_grading_service_spec.rb  | 10 +++---
 ...ming_codaveri_auto_grading_service_spec.rb |  4 +--
 24 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/answer/answers_controller.rb b/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/answer/answers_controller.rb
index 8f204621fae..1a65b79ff63 100644
--- a/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/answer/answers_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/answer/answers_controller.rb
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ def last_attempt_answer_submitted_job(answer)
 
     attempts = submission.answers.from_question(answer.question_id)
     last_non_current_answer = attempts.reject(&:current_answer?).last
-    job = last_non_current_answer&.auto_grading&.job
-    job&.status == 'submitted' ? job : nil
+    jobs = last_non_current_answer&.auto_gradings&.map(&:job)&.compact&.select { |j| j.status == 'submitted' }
+    jobs&.first
   end
 
   def reattempt_and_grade_answer(answer)
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ def reattempt_and_grade_answer(answer)
     # so destroy the failed job answer and re-grade the current entry.
     answer.class.transaction do
       last_answer = answer.submission.answers.select { |ans| ans.question_id == answer.question_id }.last
-      last_answer.destroy! if last_answer&.auto_grading&.job&.errored?
+      p({ laag: last_answer&.auto_gradings, should_destroy: last_answer&.auto_gradings&.any? { |ag| ag.job&.errored? } })
+      last_answer.destroy! if last_answer&.auto_gradings&.any? { |ag| ag.job&.errored? }
       new_answer = reattempt_answer(answer, finalise: true)
       new_answer.auto_grade!(redirect_to_path: nil, reduce_priority: false)
     end
diff --git a/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/submissions_controller.rb b/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/submissions_controller.rb
index 5016818176e..1907ea3659d 100644
--- a/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/submissions_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/course/assessment/submission/submissions_controller.rb
@@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ def check_zombie_jobs # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/PerceivedComple
     return if submitted_answers.empty?
 
     dead_answers = submitted_answers.select do |a|
-      job = a.auto_grading&.job
+      job = a.auto_gradings&.last&.job
       job&.submitted? && !job.in_queue?
     end
 
     dead_answers.each do |a|
-      old_job = a.auto_grading.job
+      old_job = a.auto_gradings&.last&.job
       job = a.auto_grade!(redirect_to_path: old_job.redirect_to, reduce_priority: true)
 
       logger.debug(message: 'Restart Answer Grading', answer_id: a.id, job_id: job.job.id,
diff --git a/app/jobs/course/assessment/answer/base_auto_grading_job.rb b/app/jobs/course/assessment/answer/base_auto_grading_job.rb
index f4fb54b3b0f..aa86880b18d 100644
--- a/app/jobs/course/assessment/answer/base_auto_grading_job.rb
+++ b/app/jobs/course/assessment/answer/base_auto_grading_job.rb
@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ def delayed_queue_name
   # @param [String|nil] redirect_to_path The path to be redirected after auto grading job was
   #   finished.
   # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer] answer the answer to be graded.
+  # @param [Course::Assessment::AutoGrading] The auto grading result to save the results to.
   # @param [String] redirect_to_path The path to redirect when job finishes.
-  def perform_tracked(answer, redirect_to_path = nil)
+  def perform_tracked(answer, auto_grading, redirect_to_path = nil)
     ActsAsTenant.without_tenant do
       raise PriorityShouldBeLoweredError if !queue_name.include?('delayed') && answer.question.is_low_priority
 
       downgrade_if_timeout(answer.question) do
-        Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService.grade(answer)
+        Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService.grade(answer, auto_grading)
       end
 
       if update_exp?(answer.submission)
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/answer.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/answer.rb
index 478a08031fa..1850e7548ee 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/answer.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/answer.rb
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ class Course::Assessment::Answer < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :submission, inverse_of: :answers
   belongs_to :question, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Question', inverse_of: nil
   belongs_to :grader, class_name: 'User', inverse_of: nil, optional: true
-  has_one :auto_grading, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading',
-                         dependent: :destroy, inverse_of: :answer, autosave: true
+  has_many :auto_gradings, -> { order(:created_at) },
+           class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading',
+           dependent: :destroy, inverse_of: :answer, autosave: true
 
   accepts_nested_attributes_for :actable
 
@@ -80,13 +81,18 @@ class Course::Assessment::Answer < ApplicationRecord
   def auto_grade!(redirect_to_path: nil, reduce_priority: false)
     raise IllegalStateError if attempting?
 
-    ensure_auto_grading!
+    p({ ssq: self.question, ssq_is_saving_snapshots: self.question.is_saving_snapshots? })
+    auto_grading = if self.question.is_saving_snapshots?
+                     Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading.create!(answer: self)
+                   else
+                     ensure_auto_grading!
+                   end
     if grade_inline?
-      Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService.grade(self)
+      Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService.grade(self, auto_grading)
       nil
     else
       auto_grading_job_class(reduce_priority).
-        perform_later(self, redirect_to_path).tap do |job|
+        perform_later(self, auto_grading, redirect_to_path).tap do |job|
           auto_grading.update_column(:job_id, job.job_id)
         end
     end
@@ -189,23 +195,9 @@ def validate_grade
 
   # Ensures that an auto grading record exists for this answer.
   #
-  # Use this to guarantee that an auto grading record exists, and retrieves it. This is because
-  # there can be a concurrent creation of such a record across two processes, and this can only
-  # be detected at the database level.
-  #
-  # The additional transaction is in place because a RecordNotUnique will cause the active
-  # transaction to be considered as errored, and needing a rollback.
-  #
   # @return [Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading]
   def ensure_auto_grading!
-    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction(requires_new: true) do
-      auto_grading || create_auto_grading!
-    end
-  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid, ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique => e
-    raise e if e.is_a?(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) && e.record.errors[:answer_id].empty?
-
-    association(:auto_grading).reload
-    auto_grading
+    auto_gradings&.last || Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading.create!(answer: self)
   end
 
   def unsubmit
@@ -213,7 +205,7 @@ def unsubmit
     self.grader = nil
     self.graded_at = nil
     self.submitted_at = nil
-    auto_grading&.mark_for_destruction
+    auto_gradings.map(&:mark_for_destruction)
   end
 
   def auto_grading_job_class(reduce_priority)
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading.rb
index 00f00ec96b2..d9d18fc062e 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading.rb
@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ class Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading < ApplicationRecord
 
   validates :actable_type, length: { maximum: 255 }, allow_nil: true
   validates :answer, presence: true
-  validates :answer_id, uniqueness: { if: :answer_id_changed? }, allow_nil: true
   validates :job_id, uniqueness: { if: :job_id_changed? }, allow_nil: true
   validates :actable_type, uniqueness: { scope: [:actable_id], allow_nil: true,
                                          if: -> { actable_id? && actable_type_changed? } }
   validates :actable_id, uniqueness: { scope: [:actable_type], allow_nil: true,
                                        if: -> { actable_type? && actable_id_changed? } }
 
-  belongs_to :answer, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Answer', inverse_of: :auto_grading
+  belongs_to :answer, class_name: 'Course::Assessment::Answer', inverse_of: :auto_gradings
   # @!attribute [r] job
   #   This might be null if the job has been cleared.
   belongs_to :job, class_name: 'TrackableJob::Job', inverse_of: nil, optional: true
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
index 5cf0e95b42c..20ae4c701dd 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ class << self
     # +Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading+ object.
     #
     # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer] answer The answer to be graded.
-    def grade(answer)
+    # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading] auto_grading The auto grading object that will store the results.
+    def grade(answer, auto_grading)
       answer = if answer.question.auto_gradable?
-                 pick_grader(answer.question).grade(answer)
+                 pick_grader(answer.question).grade(answer, auto_grading)
                else
                  assign_maximum_grade(answer)
                end
@@ -48,10 +49,11 @@ def assign_maximum_grade(answer)
   # and makes sure answer is in the correct state.
   #
   # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer] answer The answer to be graded.
+    # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading] auto_grading The auto grading object that will store the results.
   # @return [Course::Assessment::Answer] The graded answer. Note that this answer is not persisted
   #   yet.
-  def grade(answer)
-    grade = evaluate(answer)
+  def grade(answer, auto_grading)
+    grade = evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     answer.evaluate!
 
     if answer.submission.assessment.autograded?
@@ -66,8 +68,9 @@ def grade(answer)
   # subclasses.
   #
   # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer] answer The answer to be evaluated.
+    # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGrading] auto_grading The auto grading object that will store the results.
   # @return [Integer] grade The grade of the answer.
-  def evaluate(_answer)
+  def evaluate(_answer, _auto_grading)
     raise 'Not Implemented'
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/multiple_response_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/multiple_response_auto_grading_service.rb
index 419ba97f917..6b1c5e556db 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/multiple_response_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/multiple_response_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::MultipleResponseAutoGradingService < \
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     answer.correct, grade, messages = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
-    answer.auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
+    auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
     grade
   end
 
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
index 0e0bc929a0f..377cc58e0dc 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGradingService < \
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     # We pre-load the programming question, including test cases,
     # to ensure consistency with at least one saved snapshot.
     question = Course::Assessment::Answer.includes(question: {actable: [:test_cases ]}).find_by_id(answer.id).question.actable
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ def evaluate(answer)
 
     # If the question was updated during the evaluation, we can still find
     # our original question by comparing the updated_at timestamps.
-    # this overrides auto_grading.actable_id, previous AG result is retained.
     programming_auto_grading.question_snapshot_id = 
       Course::Assessment::Question::Programming.
-        where(current_id: question.id, snapshot_of_state_at: question.snapshot_of_state_at).first&.id || question.id
-    programming_auto_grading.auto_grading = answer.auto_grading
+        where(current_id: question.id, snapshot_index: question.snapshot_index).first&.id || question.id
+    programming_auto_grading.auto_grading = auto_grading
+    auto_grading.save!
     grade
   end
 
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service.rb
index a418b7e65de..adc9bdc13b8 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingCodaveriAutoGradingService <
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     unless answer.submission.assessment.course.component_enabled?(Course::CodaveriComponent)
       raise CodaveriError, I18n.t('course.assessment.question.programming.question_type_codaveri_deactivated')
     end
+    # We pre-load the programming question, including test cases,
+    # to ensure consistency with at least one saved snapshot.
+    question = Course::Assessment::Answer.includes(question: {actable: [:test_cases ]}).find_by_id(answer.id).question.actable
 
     answer.correct, grade, programming_auto_grading, = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
-    programming_auto_grading.auto_grading = answer.auto_grading
+    # If the question was updated during the evaluation, we can still find
+    # our original question by comparing the updated_at timestamps.
+    programming_auto_grading.question_snapshot_id =
+      Course::Assessment::Question::Programming.
+        where(current_id: question.id, snapshot_of_state_at: question.snapshot_of_state_at).first&.id || question.id
+    programming_auto_grading.auto_grading = auto_grading
     grade
   end
 
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/rubric_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/rubric_auto_grading_service.rb
index ea9a84c37d7..b1a3b0c308f 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/rubric_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/rubric_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::RubricAutoGradingService <
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     answer.correct, grade, messages, feedback = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
-    answer.auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
+    auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
     create_ai_generated_draft_post(answer, feedback)
     grade
   end
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_auto_grading_service.rb
index 10ffd6d3054..f6302fdf63b 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::TextResponseAutoGradingService < \
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     answer.correct, grade, messages = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
-    answer.auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
+    auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
     grade
   end
 
diff --git a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_comprehension_auto_grading_service.rb b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_comprehension_auto_grading_service.rb
index 0d544bcdc49..6bf24bb0f84 100644
--- a/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_comprehension_auto_grading_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/course/assessment/answer/text_response_comprehension_auto_grading_service.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 require 'rwordnet'
 class Course::Assessment::Answer::TextResponseComprehensionAutoGradingService < \
   Course::Assessment::Answer::AutoGradingService
-  def evaluate(answer)
+  def evaluate(answer, auto_grading)
     answer.correct, grade, messages = evaluate_answer(answer.actable)
-    answer.auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
+    auto_grading.result = { messages: messages }
     grade
   end
 
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/multiple_responses/_multiple_response.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/multiple_responses/_multiple_response.json.jbuilder
index 08f49a6b75c..4e6fd1ea67d 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/multiple_responses/_multiple_response.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/multiple_responses/_multiple_response.json.jbuilder
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ end
 last_attempt = last_attempt(answer)
 
 json.explanation do
-  if last_attempt&.auto_grading&.result
+  if last_attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.result
     json.correct last_attempt.correct
-    json.explanations(last_attempt.auto_grading.result['messages'].map { |e| format_ckeditor_rich_text(e) })
+    json.explanations(last_attempt.auto_gradings.last.result['messages'].map { |e| format_ckeditor_rich_text(e) })
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
index 2451f184618..31befa49965 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ latest_answer = last_attempt(answer)
 attempt = is_current_answer ? latest_answer : answer
 
 question = answer.question.specific
-auto_grading = attempt&.auto_grading&.specific
+auto_grading = attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.specific
 graded_snapshot = auto_grading&.question_snapshot
 graded_on_past_snapshot = !(graded_snapshot.nil? || graded_snapshot == question)
+json.autoGradingCount attempt&.auto_gradings&.count
 json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_on_past_snapshot
 if graded_on_past_snapshot
   question = graded_snapshot
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ json.fields do
   end
 end
 
-job = attempt&.auto_grading&.job
+job = attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.job
 
 if job
   json.autograding do
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ if job
   end
 end
 
-if attempt.submitted? && !attempt.auto_grading
+if attempt.submitted? && !attempt&.auto_gradings&.any?
   json.autograding do
     json.status :submitted
   end
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ show_private = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_priva
 show_evaluation = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_evaluation?)
 
 test_cases_by_type = question.test_cases_by_type
+p({ ag: auto_grading, auto_grading: attempt&.auto_gradings&.last, test_cases_by_type: test_cases_by_type })
 test_cases_and_results = get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
 
 show_stdout_and_stderr = (can_read_tests || current_course.show_stdout_and_stderr) &&
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ json.explanation do
 
     passed_evaluation_tests = failed_test_cases_by_type['evaluation_test'].blank?
 
-    json.correct attempt&.auto_grading && attempt&.correct && (can_grade ? passed_evaluation_tests : true)
+    json.correct attempt&.auto_gradings&.last && attempt&.correct && (can_grade ? passed_evaluation_tests : true)
     json.explanations explanations
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/rubric_based_responses/_rubric_based_response.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/rubric_based_responses/_rubric_based_response.json.jbuilder
index b58e2b3a8da..683a4d998c7 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/rubric_based_responses/_rubric_based_response.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/rubric_based_responses/_rubric_based_response.json.jbuilder
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ end
 last_attempt = last_attempt(answer)
 attempt = answer.current_answer? ? last_attempt : answer
 
-job = attempt&.auto_grading&.job
+job = attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.job
 
 if job
   json.autograding do
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ if job
   end
 end
 
-if attempt.submitted? && !attempt.auto_grading
+if attempt.submitted? && !attempt.auto_gradings&.any?
   json.autograding do
     json.status :submitted
   end
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/text_responses/_text_response.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/text_responses/_text_response.json.jbuilder
index 8bef8cd9244..b52e06ec95e 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/text_responses/_text_response.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/text_responses/_text_response.json.jbuilder
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ last_attempt = last_attempt(answer)
 
 json.explanation do
   json.correct last_attempt&.correct
-  if last_attempt&.auto_grading&.result
-    json.explanations(last_attempt.auto_grading.result['messages'].map { |e| format_ckeditor_rich_text(e) })
+  if last_attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.result
+    json.explanations(last_attempt.auto_gradings.last.result['messages'].map { |e| format_ckeditor_rich_text(e) })
   else
     json.explanations []
   end
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
index 3cd41e79d0a..652b649120a 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
 
   return (
     <>
+      {(answer.autoGradingCount > 1) && (
+        <Alert severity="info">
+          {t(translations.multipleAutoGradingResults)}
+        </Alert>
+      )}
       {answer.gradedOnPastSnapshot && (
         <Alert severity="warning">
           {t(translations.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot)}
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
index 8977e23c3e4..2f51bb5d2a7 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
@@ -201,6 +201,11 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
     defaultMessage:
       'Changes have been made to the question after this answer was graded.',
   },
+  multipleAutoGradingResults: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.multipleAutoGradingResults',
+    defaultMessage:
+      'This answer has been autograded multiple times.',
+  },
   historyQuestionTitle: {
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.questionTitle',
     defaultMessage: 'Question Details',
diff --git a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
index 1fedc45608e..8af1e206aaa 100644
--- a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
+++ b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ export interface ProgrammingAnswerData extends AnswerBaseData {
     explanation: string[];
     failureType: TestCaseType;
   };
+  autoGradingCount: number;
   gradedOnPastSnapshot: boolean;
   testCases: {
     canReadTests: boolean;
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb b/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
index fdee076987a..a2712647dc0 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20250629052451_add_programming_question_current_ids.rb
@@ -35,9 +35,14 @@ def up
                   :question_snapshot,
                   foreign_key: { to_table: :course_assessment_question_programming },
                   null: true
+
+    remove_index :course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings, column: :answer_id
+    add_index :course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings, :answer_id
   end
 
   def down
+    remove_index :course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings, :answer_id
+    add_index :course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings, :answer_id, unique: true
     remove_reference :course_assessment_answer_programming_auto_gradings, :question_snapshot
     remove_column :course_assessment_question_programming, :snapshot_of_state_at
     remove_column :course_assessment_question_programming, :snapshot_index
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index ccd5299f4d5..fa595b58a2f 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
     t.datetime "created_at", precision: nil, null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", precision: nil, null: false
     t.index ["actable_id", "actable_type"], name: "index_course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings_on_actable", unique: true
-    t.index ["answer_id"], name: "index_course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings_on_answer_id", unique: true
+    t.index ["answer_id"], name: "index_course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings_on_answer_id"
     t.index ["job_id"], name: "index_course_assessment_answer_auto_gradings_on_job_id", unique: true
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/jobs/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_job_spec.rb
index a2211486b82..9c70ead4aec 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/course/assessment/answer/auto_grading_job_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     let!(:auto_grading) { create(:course_assessment_answer_auto_grading, answer: answer) }
 
     it 'can be queued' do
-      expect { subject.perform_later(answer) }.to \
+      expect { subject.perform_later(answer, auto_grading) }.to \
         have_enqueued_job(subject).exactly(:once).on_queue('highest')
     end
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
       end
 
       it 'can be queued with delayed_ queue' do
-        expect { subject.perform_later(answer) }.to \
+        expect { subject.perform_later(answer, auto_grading) }.to \
           have_enqueued_job(subject).exactly(:once).on_queue('delayed_highest')
       end
     end
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
       it 'evaluates answers and does not update the exp' do
         initial_points = submission.points_awarded
 
-        subject.perform_now(answer)
-        expect(answer).to be_graded
+        subject.perform_now(answer, auto_grading)
+        expect(answer, auto_grading).to be_graded
         expect(submission.points_awarded).to eq(initial_points)
       end
     end
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
       it 'evaluates answers and updates the exp' do
         initial_points = submission.points_awarded
 
-        subject.perform_now(answer)
-        expect(answer).to be_graded
+        subject.perform_now(answer, auto_grading)
+        expect(answer, auto_grading).to be_graded
         expect(answer.grade).to eq(question.maximum_grade)
         correct_exp = assessment.base_exp + assessment.time_bonus_exp
         expect(submission.points_awarded).to eq(correct_exp)
diff --git a/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
index d78e4f2e7aa..6dbee172cce 100644
--- a/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
@@ -195,14 +195,14 @@
 
           it 'sets each test result as failed' do
             subject
-            answer.auto_grading.specific.test_results.each do |test_result|
+            answer.auto_gradings.first.specific.test_results.each do |test_result|
               expect(test_result).not_to be_passed
             end
           end
 
           it 'sets the message for each test result' do
             subject
-            answer.auto_grading.specific.test_results.each do |test_result|
+            answer.auto_gradings.first.specific.test_results.each do |test_result|
               expect(test_result.messages['error']).
                 to eq 'course.assessment.answer.programming_auto_grading.grade.evaluation_failed_syntax'
             end
@@ -210,11 +210,11 @@
 
           it 'sets stdout, stderr and exit code for the programming autograding object' do
             subject
-            expect(answer.auto_grading.specific.stdout).
+            expect(answer.auto_gradings.first.specific.stdout).
               to eq "Makefile:6: recipe for target 'test' failed"
-            expect(answer.auto_grading.specific.stderr).
+            expect(answer.auto_gradings.first.specific.stderr).
               to eq "ImportError: No module named 'simulation'"
-            expect(answer.auto_grading.specific.exit_code).to eq 2
+            expect(answer.auto_gradings.first.specific.exit_code).to eq 2
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
index b068ba5bea7..3b5fe6d4e3a 100644
--- a/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/course/assessment/answer/programming_codaveri_auto_grading_service_spec.rb
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
             before { subject.save! }
 
             it 'saves the specific auto_grading' do
-              auto_grading = answer.reload.auto_grading.actable
+              auto_grading = answer.reload.auto_gradings.first.actable
 
               expect(auto_grading).to be_present
               expect(auto_grading.test_results).to be_present
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
             expect(answer.grade).to eq(nil)
             expect(answer.correct).to eq(nil)
             expect(answer.graded_at).to eq(nil)
-            expect(answer.actable.auto_grading.actable).to eq(nil)
+            expect(answer.actable.auto_gradings.first.actable).to eq(nil)
           end
         end
       end

From 71603a0d0b65ced8a0043d2da219964366863b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adi-herwana-nus <adi.hwn@nus.edu.sg>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 10:42:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] feat(programming): change programming view/apis to return
 historic auto gradings

---
 .../answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder |  47 +++++
 .../programming/_programming.json.jbuilder    |  59 ++----
 .../ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx              |  20 +-
 .../AutoGradingComponent.tsx                  | 193 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../ProgrammingComponent/OutputStream.tsx     |  44 ++++
 .../{TestCases.tsx => TestCaseComponent.tsx}  |  77 +------
 .../submission/reducers/history/index.ts      |  16 +-
 .../submission/reducers/questionsFlags.js     |  13 +-
 .../assessment/submission/translations.ts     |  10 -
 .../submission/answer/programming.ts          |  37 ++--
 client/app/types/course/statistics/answer.ts  |  20 +-
 11 files changed, 351 insertions(+), 185 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
 create mode 100644 client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
 create mode 100644 client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/OutputStream.tsx
 rename client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/{TestCases.tsx => TestCaseComponent.tsx} (71%)

diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cfc7c0152f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+json.id auto_grading.id
+json.createdAt auto_grading.created_at.iso8601
+graded_snapshot = auto_grading.question_snapshot || question
+json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_snapshot != question
+test_cases_by_type = graded_snapshot.test_cases_by_type
+
+show_private = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_private?)
+show_evaluation = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_evaluation?)
+
+test_cases_and_results = get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
+
+show_stdout_and_stderr = (can_read_tests || current_course.show_stdout_and_stderr) &&
+                         auto_grading.exit_code != 0
+
+displayed_test_case_types = ['public_test']
+displayed_test_case_types << 'private_test' if show_private
+displayed_test_case_types << 'evaluation_test' if show_evaluation
+
+job = auto_grading.job
+if job
+  json.job do
+    json.path job_path(job) if job.submitted?
+    json.partial! "jobs/#{job.status}", job: job
+  end
+end
+
+displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
+  show_public = (test_case_type == 'public_test') && current_course.show_public_test_cases_output
+  show_testcase_outputs = can_read_tests || show_public
+  json.set! test_case_type do
+    if test_cases_and_results[test_case_type].present?
+      json.array! test_cases_and_results[test_case_type] do |test_case, test_result|
+        json.identifier test_case.identifier if can_read_tests
+        json.expression test_case.expression
+        json.expected test_case.expected
+        if test_result
+          json.output get_output(test_result) if show_testcase_outputs
+          json.passed test_result.passed?
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+json.(auto_grading, :stdout, :stderr) if show_stdout_and_stderr
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
index 31befa49965..7aed1c1c110 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ if graded_on_past_snapshot
 end
 
 can_grade = can?(:grade, submission)
+can_read_tests = can?(:read_tests, submission)
 
 # Required in response of reload_answer and submit_answer to update past answers with the latest_attempt
 # Removing this check will cause it to render the latest_answer recursively
@@ -40,6 +41,26 @@ json.fields do
   end
 end
 
+json.canReadTests can_read_tests
+if attempt.submitted? && !attempt&.auto_gradings&.any?
+  json.autogradings do
+    json.child! do
+      json.job do
+        json.status :submitted
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+json.autogradings do
+  json.array! attempt&.auto_gradings&.map(&:specific)&.compact do |auto_grading|
+    json.partial! 'course/assessment/answer/programming/auto_grading', assessment: assessment,
+                  submission: submission,
+                  question: question,
+                  auto_grading: auto_grading,
+                  can_read_tests: can_read_tests
+  end
+end
+
 job = attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.job
 
 if job
@@ -55,44 +76,8 @@ if attempt.submitted? && !attempt&.auto_gradings&.any?
   end
 end
 
-can_read_tests = can?(:read_tests, submission)
-show_private = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_private?)
-show_evaluation = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_evaluation?)
-
-test_cases_by_type = question.test_cases_by_type
-p({ ag: auto_grading, auto_grading: attempt&.auto_gradings&.last, test_cases_by_type: test_cases_by_type })
+test_cases_by_type = graded_snapshot.test_cases_by_type
 test_cases_and_results = get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
-
-show_stdout_and_stderr = (can_read_tests || current_course.show_stdout_and_stderr) &&
-                         auto_grading && auto_grading&.exit_code != 0
-
-displayed_test_case_types = ['public_test']
-displayed_test_case_types << 'private_test' if show_private
-displayed_test_case_types << 'evaluation_test' if show_evaluation
-
-json.testCases do
-  json.canReadTests can_read_tests
-  displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
-    show_public = (test_case_type == 'public_test') && current_course.show_public_test_cases_output
-    show_testcase_outputs = can_read_tests || show_public
-    json.set! test_case_type do
-      if test_cases_and_results[test_case_type].present?
-        json.array! test_cases_and_results[test_case_type] do |test_case, test_result|
-          json.identifier test_case.identifier if can_read_tests
-          json.expression test_case.expression
-          json.expected test_case.expected
-          if test_result
-            json.output get_output(test_result) if show_testcase_outputs
-            json.passed test_result.passed?
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  json.(auto_grading, :stdout, :stderr) if show_stdout_and_stderr
-end
-
 failed_test_cases_by_type = get_failed_test_cases_by_type(test_cases_and_results)
 
 json.explanation do
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
index 652b649120a..5c8f3265096 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingAnswerDetails.tsx
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 import { useEffect } from 'react';
-import { Alert } from '@mui/material';
 import { QuestionType } from 'types/course/assessment/question';
 
 import actionTypes from 'course/assessment/submission/constants';
 import { useAppDispatch } from 'lib/hooks/store';
-import useTranslation from 'lib/hooks/useTranslation';
 
-import translations from '../../translations';
 import { AnswerDetailsProps } from '../../types';
 
+import AutoGradingComponent from './ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent';
 import CodaveriFeedbackStatus from './ProgrammingComponent/CodaveriFeedbackStatus';
 import FileContent from './ProgrammingComponent/FileContent';
-import TestCases from './ProgrammingComponent/TestCases';
 
 const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
   props: AnswerDetailsProps<QuestionType.Programming>,
@@ -20,7 +17,6 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
   const annotations = answer.annotations ?? [];
 
   const dispatch = useAppDispatch();
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   useEffect(() => {
     dispatch({
@@ -31,16 +27,6 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
 
   return (
     <>
-      {(answer.autoGradingCount > 1) && (
-        <Alert severity="info">
-          {t(translations.multipleAutoGradingResults)}
-        </Alert>
-      )}
-      {answer.gradedOnPastSnapshot && (
-        <Alert severity="warning">
-          {t(translations.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot)}
-        </Alert>
-      )}
       {answer.fields.files_attributes.map((file) => (
         <FileContent
           key={`file-${file.id}-answer-${answer.id}`}
@@ -49,7 +35,9 @@ const ProgrammingAnswerDetails = (
           file={file}
         />
       ))}
-      <TestCases testCase={answer.testCases} />
+      {answer.autogradings && answer.autogradings.length > 0 && (
+        <AutoGradingComponent autogradings={answer.autogradings} />
+      )}
       <CodaveriFeedbackStatus status={answer.codaveriFeedback} />
     </>
   );
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53e0fe00277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import { FC, useState } from 'react';
+import { defineMessages } from 'react-intl';
+import { Alert, Divider, Typography } from '@mui/material';
+import { ProgrammingAutoGradingData } from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
+
+import Link from 'lib/components/core/Link';
+import useTranslation from 'lib/hooks/useTranslation';
+import { formatLongDateTime } from 'lib/moment';
+
+import OutputStream from './OutputStream';
+import TestCaseComponent from './TestCaseComponent';
+
+interface Props {
+  autogradings: ProgrammingAutoGradingData[];
+}
+
+const translations = defineMessages({
+  standardOutput: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.TestCaseView.standardOutput',
+    defaultMessage: 'Standard Output',
+  },
+  standardError: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.TestCaseView.standardError',
+    defaultMessage: 'Standard Error',
+  },
+  answerGradedOnPastSnapshot: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot',
+    defaultMessage:
+      'Changes have been made to the question after this autograding run.',
+  },
+  multipleAutoGradingResults: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.multipleAutoGradingResults',
+    defaultMessage: 'This answer has been autograded {count} times.',
+  },
+  multipleAutoGradingVariedResults: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.multipleAutoGradingVariedResults',
+    defaultMessage:
+      'This answer has been autograded {count} times, some of which produced different results.',
+  },
+  autoGradingItemTitle: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.statistics.autoGradingItemTitle',
+    defaultMessage: 'Graded At: {gradedAt}',
+  },
+});
+
+interface TestCaseResultCounts {
+  passed: number;
+  total: number;
+}
+
+const AutoGradingItemComponent: FC<{ testCase: ProgrammingAutoGradingData }> = (
+  props,
+) => {
+  const { testCase } = props;
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return (
+    <div className="my-5 space-y-5">
+      {testCase.gradedOnPastSnapshot && (
+        <Alert severity="warning">
+          {t(translations.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot)}
+        </Alert>
+      )}
+      {testCase.public_test && testCase.public_test.length > 0 && (
+        <TestCaseComponent
+          testCaseResults={testCase.public_test}
+          testCaseType="publicTestCases"
+        />
+      )}
+
+      {testCase.private_test && testCase.private_test.length > 0 && (
+        <TestCaseComponent
+          testCaseResults={testCase.private_test}
+          testCaseType="privateTestCases"
+        />
+      )}
+
+      {testCase.evaluation_test && testCase.evaluation_test.length > 0 && (
+        <TestCaseComponent
+          testCaseResults={testCase.evaluation_test}
+          testCaseType="evaluationTestCases"
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <OutputStream
+        output={testCase.stdout}
+        outputStreamType="standardOutput"
+        title={t(translations.standardOutput)}
+      />
+
+      <OutputStream
+        output={testCase.stderr}
+        outputStreamType="standardError"
+        title={t(translations.standardError)}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+const AutoGradingComponent: FC<Props> = (props) => {
+  const { autogradings } = props;
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  const autogradingResultCounts = autogradings.map((autograding) => ({
+    public_test: {
+      passed:
+        autograding.public_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.public_test?.length ?? 0,
+    },
+    private_test: {
+      passed:
+        autograding.private_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.private_test?.length ?? 0,
+    },
+    evaluation_test: {
+      passed:
+        autograding.evaluation_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.evaluation_test?.length ?? 0,
+    },
+  }));
+
+  const autogradingResultsAllIdentical = autogradingResultCounts.reduce(
+    (acc, current) => {
+      if (!acc) return false;
+      const first = autogradingResultCounts[0];
+      return (
+        current.public_test.passed === first.public_test.passed &&
+        current.private_test.passed === first.private_test.passed &&
+        current.evaluation_test.passed === first.evaluation_test.passed
+      );
+    },
+    true,
+  );
+
+  const [isShowingPastGradings, setIsShowingPastGradings] = useState(false);
+
+  const TogglePastGradingLink = (): JSX.Element => (
+    <Link
+      onClick={() => {
+        setIsShowingPastGradings(!isShowingPastGradings);
+      }}
+      underline="always"
+    >
+      {isShowingPastGradings ? 'Hide' : 'Show all'}
+    </Link>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <div className="my-5 pt-5 space-y-5">
+      {autogradings.length > 1 && autogradingResultsAllIdentical && (
+        <Alert severity="warning">
+          {t(translations.multipleAutoGradingResults, {
+            count: autogradings.length,
+          })}
+          &nbsp;
+          <TogglePastGradingLink />
+        </Alert>
+      )}
+
+      {autogradings.length > 1 && !autogradingResultsAllIdentical && (
+        <Alert severity="warning">
+          {t(translations.multipleAutoGradingVariedResults, {
+            count: autogradings.length,
+          })}
+          &nbsp;
+          <TogglePastGradingLink />
+        </Alert>
+      )}
+
+      {isShowingPastGradings &&
+        autogradings.toReversed().map((autograding) => (
+          <>
+            <Typography variant="subtitle2">
+              {t(translations.autoGradingItemTitle, {
+                gradedAt: formatLongDateTime(autograding.createdAt),
+              })}
+            </Typography>
+            <AutoGradingItemComponent
+              key={`autograding_${autograding.id}`}
+              testCase={autograding}
+            />
+            <Divider className="border-neutral-300 last:border-none" />
+          </>
+        ))}
+      {!isShowingPastGradings && (
+        <AutoGradingItemComponent
+          testCase={autogradings[autogradings.length - 1]}
+        />
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default AutoGradingComponent;
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/OutputStream.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/OutputStream.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb0d6dce763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/OutputStream.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { FC } from 'react';
+import { defineMessages, FormattedMessage } from 'react-intl';
+import { Chip } from '@mui/material';
+
+import Accordion from 'lib/components/core/layouts/Accordion';
+
+const translations = defineMessages({
+  noOutputs: {
+    id: 'course.assessment.submission.TestCaseView.noOutputs',
+    defaultMessage: 'No outputs',
+  },
+});
+
+interface OutputStreamProps {
+  outputStreamType: 'standardOutput' | 'standardError';
+  output?: string;
+  title: string;
+}
+
+const OutputStream: FC<OutputStreamProps> = (props) => {
+  const { outputStreamType, output, title } = props;
+  return (
+    <Accordion
+      defaultExpanded={false}
+      disabled={!output}
+      disableGutters
+      icon={
+        !output && (
+          <Chip
+            label={<FormattedMessage {...translations.noOutputs} />}
+            size="small"
+            variant="outlined"
+          />
+        )
+      }
+      id={outputStreamType}
+      title={title}
+    >
+      <pre className="w-full">{output}</pre>
+    </Accordion>
+  );
+};
+
+export default OutputStream;
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCases.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
similarity index 71%
rename from client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCases.tsx
rename to client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
index 7963e767d42..f52d39424ab 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCases.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   TableRow,
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { TestCaseResult } from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
-import { TestCase } from 'types/course/statistics/answer';
 
 import Accordion from 'lib/components/core/layouts/Accordion';
 import useTranslation from 'lib/hooks/useTranslation';
@@ -62,26 +61,13 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.TestCaseView.standardError',
     defaultMessage: 'Standard Error',
   },
-  noOutputs: {
-    id: 'course.assessment.submission.TestCaseView.noOutputs',
-    defaultMessage: 'No outputs',
-  },
 });
 
-interface Props {
-  testCase: TestCase;
-}
-
 interface TestCaseComponentProps {
   testCaseResults: TestCaseResult[];
   testCaseType: string;
 }
 
-interface OutputStreamProps {
-  outputStreamType: 'standardOutput' | 'standardError';
-  output?: string;
-}
-
 const TestCaseComponent: FC<TestCaseComponentProps> = (props) => {
   const { testCaseResults, testCaseType } = props;
   const { t } = useTranslation();
@@ -196,65 +182,4 @@ const TestCaseComponent: FC<TestCaseComponentProps> = (props) => {
   );
 };
 
-const OutputStream: FC<OutputStreamProps> = (props) => {
-  const { outputStreamType, output } = props;
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
-  return (
-    <Accordion
-      defaultExpanded={false}
-      disabled={!output}
-      disableGutters
-      icon={
-        !output && (
-          <Chip
-            label={<FormattedMessage {...translations.noOutputs} />}
-            size="small"
-            variant="outlined"
-          />
-        )
-      }
-      id={outputStreamType}
-      title={t(translations[outputStreamType])}
-    >
-      <pre className="w-full">{output}</pre>
-    </Accordion>
-  );
-};
-
-const TestCases: FC<Props> = (props) => {
-  const { testCase } = props;
-
-  return (
-    <div className="my-5 space-y-5">
-      {testCase.public_test && testCase.public_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.public_test}
-          testCaseType="publicTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
-
-      {testCase.private_test && testCase.private_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.private_test}
-          testCaseType="privateTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
-
-      {testCase.evaluation_test && testCase.evaluation_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.evaluation_test}
-          testCaseType="evaluationTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
-
-      <OutputStream
-        output={testCase.stdout}
-        outputStreamType="standardOutput"
-      />
-
-      <OutputStream output={testCase.stderr} outputStreamType="standardError" />
-    </div>
-  );
-};
-
-export default TestCases;
+export default TestCaseComponent;
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/history/index.ts b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/history/index.ts
index cedefbd7653..46f5f7cab66 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/history/index.ts
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/history/index.ts
@@ -180,10 +180,18 @@ export const historySlice = createSlice({
       const { submissionId, questionId, answerItem } = action.payload;
       const submissionQuestionState = state[submissionId]?.[questionId];
       if (submissionQuestionState?.details) {
-        submissionQuestionState.details.allAnswers.push(answerItem);
-        submissionQuestionState.details.sequenceViewSelectedAnswerIds.unshift(
-          answerItem.id,
-        );
+        const answerIndex =
+          submissionQuestionState.details.allAnswers.findIndex(
+            (answer) => answer.id === answerItem.id,
+          );
+        if (answerIndex >= 0) {
+          submissionQuestionState.details.allAnswers[answerIndex] = answerItem;
+        } else {
+          submissionQuestionState.details.allAnswers.push(answerItem);
+          submissionQuestionState.details.sequenceViewSelectedAnswerIds.unshift(
+            answerItem.id,
+          );
+        }
       }
     },
     updateSingleAnswerHistory: (
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/questionsFlags.js b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/questionsFlags.js
index 1a0ac99afb8..5544fd76c6a 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/questionsFlags.js
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/questionsFlags.js
@@ -5,18 +5,19 @@ function initQuestionsFlagsFromSubmissionPayload(payload) {
     const answer = payload.answers.find(
       (ans) => ans.questionId === question.id,
     );
+    const lastAutogradingJob = answer?.autogradings?.at(-1)?.job;
     return {
       ...obj,
       [question.id]: {
         isResetting: false,
         isAutograding:
-          Boolean(answer?.autograding) &&
-          answer?.autograding?.status === 'submitted',
-        jobUrl: answer?.autograding?.jobUrl,
+          Boolean(lastAutogradingJob) &&
+          lastAutogradingJob.status === 'submitted',
+        jobUrl: lastAutogradingJob?.jobUrl,
         jobError:
-          Boolean(answer?.autograding) &&
-          answer?.autograding?.status === 'errored',
-        jobErrorMessage: answer?.autograding?.errorMessage,
+          Boolean(lastAutogradingJob) &&
+          lastAutogradingJob.status === 'errored',
+        jobErrorMessage: lastAutogradingJob?.errorMessage,
       },
     };
   }, {});
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
index 2f51bb5d2a7..e752fe3ac05 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/translations.ts
@@ -196,16 +196,6 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.title',
     defaultMessage: 'Submission by {studentName}, Question {number}',
   },
-  answerGradedOnPastSnapshot: {
-    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot',
-    defaultMessage:
-      'Changes have been made to the question after this answer was graded.',
-  },
-  multipleAutoGradingResults: {
-    id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.multipleAutoGradingResults',
-    defaultMessage:
-      'This answer has been autograded multiple times.',
-  },
   historyQuestionTitle: {
     id: 'course.assessment.submission.history.questionTitle',
     defaultMessage: 'Question Details',
diff --git a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
index 8af1e206aaa..a8530064525 100644
--- a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
+++ b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
@@ -48,15 +48,6 @@ export interface Post {
   codaveriFeedback: CodaveriFeedback;
 }
 
-export interface TestCase {
-  canReadTests: boolean;
-  public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  private_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  evaluation_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  stdout?: string;
-  stderr?: string;
-}
-
 export interface CodaveriFeedback {
   jobId: string;
   jobStatus: keyof typeof JobStatus;
@@ -70,6 +61,20 @@ export interface ProgrammingFieldData extends AnswerFieldBaseData {
   files_attributes: ProgrammingContent[];
 }
 
+export interface ProgrammingAutoGradingData {
+  id: number;
+  createdAt: string;
+  job: JobStatusResponse & {
+    path?: string;
+  };
+  public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
+  private_test?: TestCaseResult[];
+  evaluation_test?: TestCaseResult[];
+  stdout?: string;
+  stderr?: string;
+  gradedOnPastSnapshot: boolean;
+}
+
 export interface ProgrammingAnswerData extends AnswerBaseData {
   questionType: QuestionType.Programming;
   fields: ProgrammingFieldData;
@@ -78,20 +83,10 @@ export interface ProgrammingAnswerData extends AnswerBaseData {
     explanation: string[];
     failureType: TestCaseType;
   };
+  canReadTests?: boolean;
   autoGradingCount: number;
-  gradedOnPastSnapshot: boolean;
-  testCases: {
-    canReadTests: boolean;
-    public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-    private_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-    evaluation_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-    stdout?: string;
-    stderr?: string;
-  };
+  autogradings?: ProgrammingAutoGradingData[];
   attemptsLeft?: number;
-  autograding?: JobStatusResponse & {
-    path?: string;
-  };
   codaveriFeedback?: {
     jobId: string;
     jobStatus: keyof typeof JobStatus;
diff --git a/client/app/types/course/statistics/answer.ts b/client/app/types/course/statistics/answer.ts
index 9b5ec305edb..e177584814d 100644
--- a/client/app/types/course/statistics/answer.ts
+++ b/client/app/types/course/statistics/answer.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { JobStatus, JobStatusResponse } from 'types/jobs';
+import { JobStatus } from 'types/jobs';
 import { UserBasicListData } from 'types/users';
 
 import { QuestionType } from '../assessment/question';
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import {
   MultipleResponseFieldData,
 } from '../assessment/submission/answer/multipleResponse';
 import {
+  ProgrammingAutoGradingData,
   ProgrammingFieldData,
-  TestCaseResult,
   TestCaseType,
 } from '../assessment/submission/answer/programming';
 import { ScribingFieldData } from '../assessment/submission/answer/scribing';
@@ -69,15 +69,6 @@ export interface Post {
   codaveriFeedback: CodaveriFeedback;
 }
 
-export interface TestCase {
-  canReadTests: boolean;
-  public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  private_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  evaluation_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  stdout?: string;
-  stderr?: string;
-}
-
 export interface CodaveriFeedback {
   jobId: string;
   jobStatus: keyof typeof JobStatus;
@@ -93,11 +84,10 @@ export interface ProgrammingAnswerDetails
     explanation: string[];
     failureType: TestCaseType;
   };
-  testCases: TestCase;
   attemptsLeft?: number;
-  autograding?: JobStatusResponse & {
-    path?: string;
-  };
+  canReadTests?: boolean;
+  autoGradingCount: number;
+  autogradings?: ProgrammingAutoGradingData[];
   codaveriFeedback?: CodaveriFeedback;
   latestAnswer?: ProgrammingAnswerDetails & {
     annotations: Annotation[];

From c5a25a2fff7cf67e81455d9da9ff47a2828027d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adi-herwana-nus <adi.hwn@nus.edu.sg>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 01:09:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] feat(programming): separate test cases and results in
 output

---
 .../answer/programming_test_case_helper.rb    | 26 ++++---
 .../course/assessment/question/programming.rb |  2 +-
 .../answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder | 51 +++++++------
 .../programming/_programming.json.jbuilder    | 67 +++++++++++------
 .../answer/programming/_test_case.jbuilder    |  6 ++
 .../answer/programming/_test_result.jbuilder  |  5 ++
 .../AutoGradingComponent.tsx                  | 71 ++++++++++--------
 .../TestCaseComponent.tsx                     | 27 ++++---
 .../ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseRow.tsx      | 26 ++++---
 .../containers/TestCaseView/index.jsx         | 75 ++++++++++---------
 .../submission/reducers/testCases.js          | 37 +++++----
 .../submission/answer/programming.ts          | 32 +++++++-
 12 files changed, 259 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_case.jbuilder
 create mode 100644 app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_result.jbuilder

diff --git a/app/helpers/course/assessment/answer/programming_test_case_helper.rb b/app/helpers/course/assessment/answer/programming_test_case_helper.rb
index 94d07cd22ed..4e90008f8f1 100644
--- a/app/helpers/course/assessment/answer/programming_test_case_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/course/assessment/answer/programming_test_case_helper.rb
@@ -32,12 +32,13 @@ def get_output(test_case_result)
   #
   # @param [Hash] test_cases_by_type The test cases and their results keyed by type
   # @return [Hash] Failed test case and its result, if any
-  def get_failed_test_cases_by_type(test_cases_and_results)
-    {}.tap do |result|
-      test_cases_and_results.each do |test_case_type, test_cases_and_results_of_type|
-        result[test_case_type] = get_first_failed_test(test_cases_and_results_of_type)
-      end
-    end
+  def get_first_test_failures_by_type(test_cases_by_type, test_results_by_type)
+    test_cases_by_type.entries.map do |test_case_type, test_cases|
+      [
+        test_case_type,
+        test_cases.find { |test_case| test_results_by_type[test_case.id]&.passed? }
+      ]
+    end.to_h
   end
 
   # Organize the test cases and test results into a hash, keyed by test case type.
@@ -51,12 +52,13 @@ def get_failed_test_cases_by_type(test_cases_and_results)
   # @param [Hash] test_cases_by_type The test cases keyed by type
   # @param [Course::Assessment::Answer::ProgrammingAutoGrading] auto_grading Auto grading object
   # @return [Hash] The hash structure described above
-  def get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
-    results_hash = auto_grading ? auto_grading.test_results.includes(:test_case).group_by(&:test_case) : {}
-    test_cases_by_type.each do |type, test_cases|
-      test_cases_by_type[type] =
-        test_cases.map { |test_case| [test_case, results_hash[test_case]&.first] }.
-        sort_by { |test_case, _| test_case.identifier }.to_h
+  def get_test_results_by_type(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
+    results_hash = auto_grading ? auto_grading.test_results.group_by(&:test_case_id) : {}
+    test_cases_by_type.transform_values do |test_cases|
+      test_cases.map do |test_case|
+        result = results_hash[test_case.id].first
+        [test_case, result]
+      end.to_h
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb b/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
index fe0f15ca686..d85874ca8d4 100644
--- a/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
+++ b/app/models/course/assessment/question/programming.rb
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def copy_template_files_to(answer)
   #
   # @return [Hash] A hash of the test cases keyed by test case type.
   def test_cases_by_type
-    test_cases.group_by(&:test_case_type)
+    test_cases.group_by(&:test_case_type).transform_values { |test_cases| test_cases.sort_by(&:identifier) }
   end
 
   def files_downloadable?
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
index 1cfc7c0152f..0420fa20b01 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_auto_grading.jbuilder
@@ -3,21 +3,14 @@
 json.id auto_grading.id
 json.createdAt auto_grading.created_at.iso8601
 graded_snapshot = auto_grading.question_snapshot || question
-json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_snapshot != question
-test_cases_by_type = graded_snapshot.test_cases_by_type
-
-show_private = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_private?)
-show_evaluation = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_evaluation?)
+json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_snapshot.current_id != graded_snapshot.id
 
-test_cases_and_results = get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
+test_cases_by_type = graded_snapshot.test_cases_by_type
+test_results_by_type = get_test_results_by_type(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
 
 show_stdout_and_stderr = (can_read_tests || current_course.show_stdout_and_stderr) &&
                          auto_grading.exit_code != 0
 
-displayed_test_case_types = ['public_test']
-displayed_test_case_types << 'private_test' if show_private
-displayed_test_case_types << 'evaluation_test' if show_evaluation
-
 job = auto_grading.job
 if job
   json.job do
@@ -26,18 +19,32 @@ if job
   end
 end
 
-displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
-  show_public = (test_case_type == 'public_test') && current_course.show_public_test_cases_output
-  show_testcase_outputs = can_read_tests || show_public
-  json.set! test_case_type do
-    if test_cases_and_results[test_case_type].present?
-      json.array! test_cases_and_results[test_case_type] do |test_case, test_result|
-        json.identifier test_case.identifier if can_read_tests
-        json.expression test_case.expression
-        json.expected test_case.expected
-        if test_result
-          json.output get_output(test_result) if show_testcase_outputs
-          json.passed test_result.passed?
+json.testCases do
+  displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
+    json.set! test_case_type do
+      if test_cases_by_type[test_case_type].present?
+        json.array! test_cases_by_type[test_case_type] do |test_case|
+          json.partial! 'course/assessment/answer/programming/test_case',
+                        test_case: test_case,
+                        can_read_tests: can_read_tests
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+json.testResults do
+  displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
+    show_public = (test_case_type == 'public_test') && current_course.show_public_test_cases_output
+    show_testcase_outputs = can_read_tests || show_public
+    json.set! test_case_type do
+      if test_results_by_type[test_case_type].present?
+        test_results_by_type[test_case_type].entries.each do |test_case, test_result|
+          json.set! test_case.id do
+            json.partial! 'course/assessment/answer/programming/test_result',
+                          test_result: test_result,
+                          show_output: show_testcase_outputs
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
index 7aed1c1c110..26bb394f7b4 100644
--- a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_programming.json.jbuilder
@@ -6,18 +6,16 @@ is_current_answer = answer.current_answer?
 latest_answer = last_attempt(answer)
 attempt = is_current_answer ? latest_answer : answer
 
-question = answer.question.specific
 auto_grading = attempt&.auto_gradings&.last&.specific
-graded_snapshot = auto_grading&.question_snapshot
-graded_on_past_snapshot = !(graded_snapshot.nil? || graded_snapshot == question)
+question = auto_grading&.question_snapshot || answer.question.specific
 json.autoGradingCount attempt&.auto_gradings&.count
-json.gradedOnPastSnapshot graded_on_past_snapshot
-if graded_on_past_snapshot
-  question = graded_snapshot
-end
+json.gradedOnPastSnapshot answer.question.specific != question
+test_cases_by_type = question.test_cases_by_type
 
 can_grade = can?(:grade, submission)
 can_read_tests = can?(:read_tests, submission)
+show_private = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_private?)
+show_evaluation = can_read_tests || (submission.published? && assessment.show_evaluation?)
 
 # Required in response of reload_answer and submit_answer to update past answers with the latest_attempt
 # Removing this check will cause it to render the latest_answer recursively
@@ -51,13 +49,36 @@ if attempt.submitted? && !attempt&.auto_gradings&.any?
     end
   end
 end
+
+displayed_test_case_types = ['public_test']
+displayed_test_case_types << 'private_test' if show_private
+displayed_test_case_types << 'evaluation_test' if show_evaluation
+
+# If the answer has no auto gradings, include the test cases directly here.
+# Otherwise, read the test cases from the auto grading.
+
+json.testCases do
+  displayed_test_case_types.each do |test_case_type|
+    json.set! test_case_type do
+      if test_cases_by_type[test_case_type].present?
+        json.array! test_cases_by_type[test_case_type] do |test_case|
+          json.partial! 'course/assessment/answer/programming/test_case',
+                        test_case: test_case,
+                        can_read_tests: can_read_tests
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
 json.autogradings do
   json.array! attempt&.auto_gradings&.map(&:specific)&.compact do |auto_grading|
     json.partial! 'course/assessment/answer/programming/auto_grading', assessment: assessment,
                   submission: submission,
                   question: question,
                   auto_grading: auto_grading,
-                  can_read_tests: can_read_tests
+                  can_read_tests: can_read_tests,
+                  displayed_test_case_types: displayed_test_case_types
   end
 end
 
@@ -76,30 +97,30 @@ if attempt.submitted? && !attempt&.auto_gradings&.any?
   end
 end
 
-test_cases_by_type = graded_snapshot.test_cases_by_type
-test_cases_and_results = get_test_cases_and_results(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
-failed_test_cases_by_type = get_failed_test_cases_by_type(test_cases_and_results)
-
 json.explanation do
-  if attempt
+  if auto_grading
+    test_results_by_type = get_test_results_by_type(test_cases_by_type, auto_grading)
+    first_failures_by_type = get_first_test_failures_by_type(test_cases_by_type, test_results_by_type)
     explanations = []
 
-    if failed_test_cases_by_type['public_test']
-      failed_test_cases_by_type['public_test'].each do |test_case, test_result|
-        explanations << format_ckeditor_rich_text(get_hint(test_case, test_result))
-      end
+    if first_failures_by_type['public_test']
+      explanations << format_ckeditor_rich_text(get_hint(
+        first_failures_by_type['public_test'],
+        test_results_by_type['public_test'][first_failures_by_type['public_test'].id]
+      ))
       json.failureType 'public_test'
 
-    elsif failed_test_cases_by_type['private_test']
-      failed_test_cases_by_type['private_test'].each do |test_case, test_result|
-        explanations << format_ckeditor_rich_text(get_hint(test_case, test_result))
-      end
+    elsif first_failures_by_type['private_test']
+      explanations << format_ckeditor_rich_text(get_hint(
+        first_failures_by_type['private_test'],
+        test_results_by_type['private_test'][first_failures_by_type['private_test'].id]
+      ))
       json.failureType 'private_test'
     end
 
-    passed_evaluation_tests = failed_test_cases_by_type['evaluation_test'].blank?
+    passed_evaluation_tests = first_failures_by_type['evaluation_test'].blank?
 
-    json.correct attempt&.auto_gradings&.last && attempt&.correct && (can_grade ? passed_evaluation_tests : true)
+    json.correct attempt&.correct && (can_grade ? passed_evaluation_tests : true)
     json.explanations explanations
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_case.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_case.jbuilder
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e833ed19915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_case.jbuilder
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+json.id test_case.id
+json.identifier test_case.identifier if can_read_tests
+json.expression test_case.expression
+json.expected test_case.expected
diff --git a/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_result.jbuilder b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_result.jbuilder
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e386658f48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/views/course/assessment/answer/programming/_test_result.jbuilder
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+json.id test_result.test_case_id
+json.output get_output(test_result) if show_output
+json.passed test_result.passed?
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
index 53e0fe00277..fbd656532b9 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/AutoGradingComponent.tsx
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
   },
 });
 
-interface TestCaseResultCounts {
-  passed: number;
-  total: number;
-}
-
 const AutoGradingItemComponent: FC<{ testCase: ProgrammingAutoGradingData }> = (
   props,
 ) => {
@@ -60,26 +55,32 @@ const AutoGradingItemComponent: FC<{ testCase: ProgrammingAutoGradingData }> = (
           {t(translations.answerGradedOnPastSnapshot)}
         </Alert>
       )}
-      {testCase.public_test && testCase.public_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.public_test}
-          testCaseType="publicTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
-
-      {testCase.private_test && testCase.private_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.private_test}
-          testCaseType="privateTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
-
-      {testCase.evaluation_test && testCase.evaluation_test.length > 0 && (
-        <TestCaseComponent
-          testCaseResults={testCase.evaluation_test}
-          testCaseType="evaluationTestCases"
-        />
-      )}
+      {testCase.testCases?.public_test &&
+        testCase.testCases.public_test.length > 0 && (
+          <TestCaseComponent
+            testCases={testCase.testCases.public_test}
+            testCaseType="publicTestCases"
+            testResults={testCase.testResults?.public_test}
+          />
+        )}
+
+      {testCase.testCases?.private_test &&
+        testCase.testCases.private_test.length > 0 && (
+          <TestCaseComponent
+            testCases={testCase.testCases.private_test}
+            testCaseType="privateTestCases"
+            testResults={testCase.testResults?.private_test}
+          />
+        )}
+
+      {testCase.testCases?.evaluation_test &&
+        testCase.testCases.evaluation_test.length > 0 && (
+          <TestCaseComponent
+            testCases={testCase.testCases.evaluation_test}
+            testCaseType="evaluationTestCases"
+            testResults={testCase.testResults?.evaluation_test}
+          />
+        )}
 
       <OutputStream
         output={testCase.stdout}
@@ -103,18 +104,24 @@ const AutoGradingComponent: FC<Props> = (props) => {
   const autogradingResultCounts = autogradings.map((autograding) => ({
     public_test: {
       passed:
-        autograding.public_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
-      total: autograding.public_test?.length ?? 0,
+        autograding.testCases?.public_test?.filter(
+          (test) => autograding.testResults?.public_test?.[test.id]?.passed,
+        ).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.testCases?.public_test?.length ?? 0,
     },
     private_test: {
       passed:
-        autograding.private_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
-      total: autograding.private_test?.length ?? 0,
+        autograding.testCases?.private_test?.filter(
+          (test) => autograding.testResults?.private_test?.[test.id]?.passed,
+        ).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.testCases?.private_test?.length ?? 0,
     },
     evaluation_test: {
       passed:
-        autograding.evaluation_test?.filter((test) => test.passed).length ?? 0,
-      total: autograding.evaluation_test?.length ?? 0,
+        autograding.testCases?.evaluation_test?.filter(
+          (test) => autograding.testResults?.evaluation_test?.[test.id]?.passed,
+        ).length ?? 0,
+      total: autograding.testCases?.evaluation_test?.length ?? 0,
     },
   }));
 
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ const AutoGradingComponent: FC<Props> = (props) => {
   return (
     <div className="my-5 pt-5 space-y-5">
       {autogradings.length > 1 && autogradingResultsAllIdentical && (
-        <Alert severity="warning">
+        <Alert severity="info">
           {t(translations.multipleAutoGradingResults, {
             count: autogradings.length,
           })}
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
index f52d39424ab..ea0f64e9b45 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseComponent.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import {
   TableHead,
   TableRow,
 } from '@mui/material';
-import { TestCaseResult } from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
+import {
+  ProgrammingTestCaseData,
+  ProgrammingTestResultData,
+} from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
 
 import Accordion from 'lib/components/core/layouts/Accordion';
 import useTranslation from 'lib/hooks/useTranslation';
@@ -64,21 +67,21 @@ const translations = defineMessages({
 });
 
 interface TestCaseComponentProps {
-  testCaseResults: TestCaseResult[];
+  testCases: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+  testResults?: Record<string, ProgrammingTestResultData>;
   testCaseType: string;
 }
 
 const TestCaseComponent: FC<TestCaseComponentProps> = (props) => {
-  const { testCaseResults, testCaseType } = props;
+  const { testCases, testResults, testCaseType } = props;
   const { t } = useTranslation();
 
-  const isProgrammingAnswerEvaluated =
-    testCaseResults.filter((result) => !!result.output).length > 0;
+  const isProgrammingAnswerEvaluated = Boolean(testResults);
 
-  const numPassedTestCases = testCaseResults.filter(
-    (result) => result.passed,
+  const numPassedTestCases = testCases.filter(
+    (testCase) => testResults?.[testCase.id]?.passed,
   ).length;
-  const numTestCases = testCaseResults.length;
+  const numTestCases = testCases.length;
 
   const AllTestCasesPassedChip: FC = () => (
     <Chip
@@ -173,8 +176,12 @@ const TestCaseComponent: FC<TestCaseComponentProps> = (props) => {
         </TableHead>
 
         <TableBody>
-          {testCaseResults.map((result) => (
-            <TestCaseRow key={result.identifier} result={result} />
+          {testCases.map((testCase) => (
+            <TestCaseRow
+              key={testCase.identifier}
+              testCase={testCase}
+              testResult={testResults?.[testCase.id]}
+            />
           ))}
         </TableBody>
       </Table>
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseRow.tsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseRow.tsx
index 3266022da80..85515f24467 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseRow.tsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/components/AnswerDetails/ProgrammingComponent/TestCaseRow.tsx
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 import { FC, Fragment } from 'react';
 import { Clear, Done } from '@mui/icons-material';
 import { TableCell, TableRow, Typography } from '@mui/material';
-import { TestCaseResult } from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
+import {
+  ProgrammingTestCaseData,
+  ProgrammingTestResultData,
+} from 'types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming';
 
 import ExpandableCode from 'lib/components/core/ExpandableCode';
 
 interface Props {
-  result: TestCaseResult;
+  testCase: ProgrammingTestCaseData;
+  testResult?: ProgrammingTestResultData;
 }
 
 const TestCaseClassName = {
@@ -16,17 +20,17 @@ const TestCaseClassName = {
 };
 
 const TestCaseRow: FC<Props> = (props) => {
-  const { result } = props;
+  const { testCase, testResult } = props;
 
   const nameRegex = /\/?(\w+)$/;
-  const idMatch = result.identifier?.match(nameRegex);
+  const idMatch = testCase.identifier?.match(nameRegex);
   const truncatedIdentifier = idMatch ? idMatch[1] : '';
 
   let testCaseResult = 'unattempted';
   let testCaseIcon;
-  if (result.passed !== undefined) {
-    testCaseResult = result.passed ? 'correct' : 'wrong';
-    testCaseIcon = result.passed ? (
+  if (testResult?.passed !== undefined) {
+    testCaseResult = testResult.passed ? 'correct' : 'wrong';
+    testCaseIcon = testResult.passed ? (
       <Done color="success" />
     ) : (
       <Clear color="error" />
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ const TestCaseRow: FC<Props> = (props) => {
   }
 
   return (
-    <Fragment key={result.identifier}>
+    <Fragment key={testCase.identifier}>
       <TableRow className={TestCaseClassName[testCaseResult]}>
         <TableCell className="h-fit border-none pb-0 leading-none" colSpan={5}>
           <Typography
@@ -49,15 +53,15 @@ const TestCaseRow: FC<Props> = (props) => {
 
       <TableRow className={TestCaseClassName[testCaseResult]}>
         <TableCell className="w-full pt-1">
-          <ExpandableCode>{result.expression}</ExpandableCode>
+          <ExpandableCode>{testCase.expression}</ExpandableCode>
         </TableCell>
 
         <TableCell className="w-full pt-1">
-          <ExpandableCode>{result.expected || ''}</ExpandableCode>
+          <ExpandableCode>{testCase.expected || ''}</ExpandableCode>
         </TableCell>
 
         <TableCell className="w-full pt-1">
-          <ExpandableCode>{result.output || ''}</ExpandableCode>
+          <ExpandableCode>{testResult?.output || ''}</ExpandableCode>
         </TableCell>
 
         <TableCell>{testCaseIcon}</TableCell>
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/containers/TestCaseView/index.jsx b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/containers/TestCaseView/index.jsx
index 7cda3dc3a08..87b801d9d3c 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/containers/TestCaseView/index.jsx
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/containers/TestCaseView/index.jsx
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// TODO Drop this component entirely, in favor of TestCaseComponent.
+// This requires rewriting (and renaming) testCases reducer to TypeScript.
+
 import { Component, Fragment } from 'react';
 import { defineMessages, FormattedMessage } from 'react-intl';
 import { connect } from 'react-redux';
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
     );
   }
 
-  renderTestCaseRow(testCase) {
+  renderTestCaseRow(testCase, testResult) {
     const {
       testCases: { canReadTests },
     } = this.props;
@@ -138,9 +141,9 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
 
     let testCaseResult = 'unattempted';
     let testCaseIcon;
-    if (testCase.passed !== undefined) {
-      testCaseResult = testCase.passed ? 'correct' : 'wrong';
-      testCaseIcon = testCase.passed ? (
+    if (testResult.passed !== undefined) {
+      testCaseResult = testResult?.passed ? 'correct' : 'wrong';
+      testCaseIcon = testResult?.passed ? (
         <Done color="success" />
       ) : (
         <Clear color="error" />
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
 
           {(canReadTests || showPublicTestCasesOutput) && (
             <TableCell className="w-full pt-1">
-              <ExpandableCode>{testCase.output || ''}</ExpandableCode>
+              <ExpandableCode>{testResult?.output || ''}</ExpandableCode>
             </TableCell>
           )}
 
@@ -187,23 +190,21 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
     );
   }
 
-  renderTestCases(testCases, testCaseType, warn) {
+  renderTestCases(testCases, testResults, testCaseType, warn) {
     const {
-      collapsible,
       testCases: { canReadTests },
       graderView,
     } = this.props;
     const { showPublicTestCasesOutput } = this.props;
 
-    if (!testCases || testCases.length === 0) {
+    if (!testCases?.length) {
       return null;
     }
 
-    const isProgrammingAnswerEvaluated =
-      testCases.filter((testCase) => !!testCase.output).length > 0;
+    const isProgrammingAnswerEvaluated = Boolean(testResults);
 
     const numPassedTestCases = testCases.filter(
-      (testCase) => testCase.passed,
+      (testCase) => testResults?.[testCase.id]?.passed,
     ).length;
 
     const AllTestCasesPassedChip = () => (
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
     return (
       <Accordion
         className={testCaseComponentClassName()}
-        defaultExpanded={!collapsible}
+        defaultExpanded
         disableGutters
         icon={<TestCasesIndicatorChip />}
         id={testCaseType}
@@ -309,7 +310,9 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
           </TableHead>
 
           <TableBody>
-            {testCases.map(this.renderTestCaseRow.bind(this))}
+            {testCases.map((testCase) =>
+              this.renderTestCaseRow(testCase, testResults?.[testCase.id]),
+            )}
           </TableBody>
         </Table>
       </Accordion>
@@ -323,8 +326,7 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
       showEvaluation,
       graderView,
       isAutograding,
-      testCases,
-      collapsible,
+      testCases: { canReadTests, testCases, testResults, stdout, stderr },
       showStdoutAndStderr,
     } = this.props;
     if (!testCases) {
@@ -336,9 +338,9 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
     const showPrivateTestToStudents = published && showPrivate;
     const showEvaluationTestToStudents = published && showEvaluation;
     const showPrivateTest =
-      (graderView && testCases.canReadTests) || showPrivateTestToStudents;
+      (graderView && canReadTests) || showPrivateTestToStudents;
     const showEvaluationTest =
-      (graderView && testCases.canReadTests) || showEvaluationTestToStudents;
+      (graderView && canReadTests) || showEvaluationTestToStudents;
 
     return (
       <div className="my-5 space-y-5">
@@ -348,11 +350,17 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
           </Alert>
         )}
 
-        {this.renderTestCases(testCases.public_test, 'publicTestCases', false)}
+        {this.renderTestCases(
+          testCases.public_test,
+          testResults?.public_test,
+          'publicTestCases',
+          false,
+        )}
 
         {showPrivateTest &&
           this.renderTestCases(
             testCases.private_test,
+            testResults?.private_test,
             'privateTestCases',
             !showPrivateTestToStudents,
           )}
@@ -360,23 +368,22 @@ export class VisibleTestCaseView extends Component {
         {showEvaluationTest &&
           this.renderTestCases(
             testCases.evaluation_test,
+            testResults?.evaluation_test,
             'evaluationTestCases',
             !showEvaluationTestToStudents,
           )}
 
         {showOutputStreams &&
-          !collapsible &&
           VisibleTestCaseView.renderOutputStream(
             'standardOutput',
-            testCases.stdout,
+            stdout,
             !showStdoutAndStderr,
           )}
 
         {showOutputStreams &&
-          !collapsible &&
           VisibleTestCaseView.renderOutputStream(
             'standardError',
-            testCases.stderr,
+            stderr,
             !showStdoutAndStderr,
           )}
       </div>
@@ -395,28 +402,23 @@ VisibleTestCaseView.propTypes = {
   showPrivate: PropTypes.bool,
   showEvaluation: PropTypes.bool,
   isAutograding: PropTypes.bool,
-  collapsible: PropTypes.bool,
   testCases: PropTypes.shape({
     canReadTests: PropTypes.bool,
-    evaluation_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
-    private_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
-    public_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
+    testCases: PropTypes.shape({
+      evaluation_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
+      private_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
+      public_test: PropTypes.arrayOf(testCaseShape),
+    }),
+    testResults: PropTypes.object,
     stdout: PropTypes.string,
     stderr: PropTypes.string,
   }),
 };
 
 function mapStateToProps({ assessments: { submission } }, ownProps) {
-  const { questionId, answerId, viewHistory } = ownProps;
-  let testCases;
-  let isAutograding;
-  if (viewHistory) {
-    testCases = submission.history.testCases[answerId];
-    isAutograding = false;
-  } else {
-    testCases = submission.testCases[questionId];
-    isAutograding = submission.questionsFlags[questionId].isAutograding;
-  }
+  const { questionId } = ownProps;
+  const testCases = submission.testCases[questionId];
+  const isAutograding = submission.questionsFlags[questionId].isAutograding;
 
   return {
     submissionState: submission.submission.workflowState,
@@ -425,7 +427,6 @@ function mapStateToProps({ assessments: { submission } }, ownProps) {
     showStdoutAndStderr: submission.submission.showStdoutAndStderr,
     showPrivate: submission.assessment.showPrivate,
     showEvaluation: submission.assessment.showEvaluation,
-    collapsible: viewHistory,
     isAutograding,
     testCases,
   };
diff --git a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/testCases.js b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/testCases.js
index 96625519c09..1b914007729 100644
--- a/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/testCases.js
+++ b/client/app/bundles/course/assessment/submission/reducers/testCases.js
@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 import actions from '../constants';
 
+function initQuestionStateFromAnswerPayload(answer) {
+  const lastAutograding = answer.autogradings?.at(-1);
+  if (lastAutograding) {
+    return {
+      canReadTests: answer.canReadTests,
+      testCases: lastAutograding.testCases,
+      testResults: lastAutograding.testResults,
+      stdout: lastAutograding.stdout,
+      stderr: lastAutograding.stderr,
+    };
+  }
+  return { testCases: answer.testCases };
+}
+
 export default function (state = {}, action) {
   switch (action.type) {
     case actions.FETCH_SUBMISSION_SUCCESS:
@@ -13,7 +27,10 @@ export default function (state = {}, action) {
       return {
         ...state,
         ...action.payload.answers.reduce(
-          (obj, answer) => ({ ...obj, [answer.questionId]: answer.testCases }),
+          (obj, answer) => ({
+            ...obj,
+            [answer.questionId]: initQuestionStateFromAnswerPayload(answer),
+          }),
           {},
         ),
       };
@@ -29,7 +46,7 @@ export default function (state = {}, action) {
           }
           return obj;
         },
-        { [questionId]: action.payload.testCases },
+        { [questionId]: initQuestionStateFromAnswerPayload(action.payload) },
       );
     }
     case actions.REEVALUATE_FAILURE:
@@ -41,19 +58,9 @@ export default function (state = {}, action) {
       // For each test case in each test type, add back the data without the output
       // and passed values.
       if (state[questionId]) {
-        Object.keys(state[questionId]).forEach((testType) => {
-          if (
-            testType !== 'stdout' &&
-            testType !== 'stderr' &&
-            testType !== 'canReadTests'
-          ) {
-            questionState[testType] = state[questionId][testType].map(
-              (testCase) => ({
-                identifier: testCase.identifier,
-                expression: testCase.expression,
-                expected: testCase.expected,
-              }),
-            );
+        Object.keys(state[questionId]).forEach((key) => {
+          if (key !== 'testResults') {
+            questionState[key] = state[questionId][key];
           }
         });
       }
diff --git a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
index a8530064525..37f189e12e6 100644
--- a/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
+++ b/client/app/types/course/assessment/submission/answer/programming.ts
@@ -61,15 +61,36 @@ export interface ProgrammingFieldData extends AnswerFieldBaseData {
   files_attributes: ProgrammingContent[];
 }
 
+export interface ProgrammingTestCaseData {
+  id: number;
+  identifier?: string;
+  expression: string;
+  expected: string;
+}
+
+export interface ProgrammingTestResultData {
+  id: number;
+  output?: string;
+  passed: boolean;
+}
+
 export interface ProgrammingAutoGradingData {
   id: number;
   createdAt: string;
   job: JobStatusResponse & {
     path?: string;
   };
-  public_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  private_test?: TestCaseResult[];
-  evaluation_test?: TestCaseResult[];
+  testCases?: {
+    public_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+    private_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+    evaluation_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+  };
+  testResults?: {
+    public_test?: Record<string, ProgrammingTestResultData>;
+    private_test?: Record<string, ProgrammingTestResultData>;
+    evaluation_test?: Record<string, ProgrammingTestResultData>;
+  };
+
   stdout?: string;
   stderr?: string;
   gradedOnPastSnapshot: boolean;
@@ -105,6 +126,11 @@ export interface ProgrammingAnswerData extends AnswerBaseData {
   };
   annotations?: Annotation[];
   posts?: Post[];
+  testCases?: {
+    public_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+    private_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+    evaluation_test?: ProgrammingTestCaseData[];
+  };
 }
 
 // FE Data Type