diff --git a/tests/_data/own/json/1.5/duplicate_components.json b/tests/_data/own/json/1.5/duplicate_components.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93e5516c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_data/own/json/1.5/duplicate_components.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+  "specVersion": "1.5",
+  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:66fa5692-2e9d-45c5-830a-ec8ccaf7dcc9",
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "component": {
+      "type": "application",
+      "name": "test"
+    }
+  },
+  "components": [
+    {
+      "type": "operating-system",
+      "bom-ref": "test12",
+      "name": "alpine"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "container",
+      "bom-ref": "test11",
+      "name": "alpine"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "operating-system",
+      "bom-ref": "test22",
+      "name": "alpine"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "container",
+      "bom-ref": "test21",
+      "name": "alpine"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": [
+    {
+      "ref": "test11",
+      "dependsOn": [
+        "test12"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ref": "test21",
+      "dependsOn": [
+        "test22"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/test_real_world_examples.py b/tests/test_real_world_examples.py
index 757d33eb..da7a2feb 100644
--- a/tests/test_real_world_examples.py
+++ b/tests/test_real_world_examples.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime
+from json import loads as json_loads
 from os.path import join
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import patch
@@ -36,3 +37,11 @@ def test_webgoat_6_1(self, *_: Any, **__: Any) -> None:
     def test_regression_issue_630(self, *_: Any, **__: Any) -> None:
         with open(join(OWN_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'xml', '1.6', 'regression_issue630.xml')) as input_xml:
             Bom.from_xml(input_xml)
+
+    def test_merged_bom_duplicate_component(self, *_: Any, **__: Any) -> None:
+        with open(join(OWN_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'json', '1.5', 'duplicate_components.json')) as input_json:
+            json = json_loads(input_json.read())
+
+        bom = Bom.from_json(json)
+        self.assertEqual(4, len(bom.components))  # tests https://github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-python-lib/issues/540
+        bom.validate()  # tests https://github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-python-lib/issues/677