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<ul class="chapter"><li><a href="./Intro.html"><strong>1.</strong> Intro</a></li><li><a href="./DagHistory.html"><strong>2.</strong> History</a></li><li><a href="./Wallet.html"><strong>3.</strong> Wallet</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Deterministic_wallet.html"><strong>3.1.</strong> Deterministic Wallet</a></li><li><a href="./Mnemonic.html"><strong>3.2.</strong> Mnemonic</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Testnet.html"><strong>4.</strong> Testnet & faucet</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./BTC_testnet.html"><strong>4.1.</strong> Bitcoin Testnet</a></li><li><a href="./ETH_testnet.html"><strong>4.2.</strong> Ethereum Testnet</a></li><li><a href="./GByte_testnet.html"><strong>4.3.</strong> Byteball Testnet</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Address.html"><strong>5.</strong> Address</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./btc_addr.html"><strong>5.1.</strong> Bitcoin Address</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Data_Structure.html"><strong>6.</strong> Data Structure</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Transcation.html"><strong>6.1.</strong> Transcation</a></li><li><a href="./btc_tx.html"><strong>6.2.</strong> Bitcoin Transaction</a></li><li><a href="./MerkleTree.html"><strong>6.3.</strong> MerkleTree</a></li><li><a href="./PatriciaTree.html"><strong>6.4.</strong> PatriciaTree</a></li><li><a href="./IAVL_Tree.html"><strong>6.5.</strong> Merkleized IAVL+ Tree</a></li><li><a href="./MerkleDAG.html"><strong>6.6.</strong> MerkleDAG</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Data_Storage.html"><strong>7.</strong> Data Storage</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./btc_datastore.html"><strong>7.1.</strong> Bitcoin</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Consensus.html"><strong>8.</strong> Consensus algorithm</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Consensus_POS_Ouroboros.html"><strong>8.1.</strong> IOHK/Ouroboros</a></li><li><a href="./DFINITY.html"><strong>8.2.</strong> DFINITY</a></li><li><a href="./Stellar.html"><strong>8.3.</strong> Stellar(SCP)</a></li><li><a href="./Matrix.html"><strong>8.4.</strong> Matrix</a></li><li><a href="./Ripple.html"><strong>8.5.</strong> Ripple</a></li><li><a href="./Casper.html"><strong>8.6.</strong> Casper</a></li><li><a href="./PoA.html"><strong>8.7.</strong> POA(Parity)</a></li><li><a href="./Terndermint.html"><strong>8.8.</strong> Tendermint</a></li><li><a href="./Delegated_Consensus.html"><strong>8.9.</strong> dBFT(NEO/Antshare)/dPOS(BTS/Steem/EOS/Lisk)</a></li><li><a href="./Algorand.html"><strong>8.10.</strong> Algorand</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Scalability.html"><strong>9.</strong> Scalability</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Ouroboros_Praos.html" class="active"><strong>9.1.</strong> Ouroboros Praos</a></li><li><a href="./EOS.html"><strong>9.2.</strong> EOS</a></li><li><a href="./eth_parallelizability.html"><strong>9.3.</strong> Ethereum Parallelizability</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Validation.html"><strong>10.</strong> Validation</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Segwit.html"><strong>10.1.</strong> Segwit</a></li><li><a href="./Multisignature.html"><strong>10.2.</strong> Multisignature</a></li><li><a href="./Tx_Malleability.html"><strong>10.3.</strong> Transaction Malleability</a></li><li><a href="./Double_Spend.html"><strong>10.4.</strong> Double Spend</a></li><li><a href="./Peplay_Protect.html"><strong>10.5.</strong> Replay Protection</a></li><li><a href="./TrueBit.html"><strong>10.6.</strong> Truebit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Money_Denomiation_Token.html"><strong>11.</strong> Money & Token</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./TxFee_BTC.html"><strong>11.1.</strong> Bitcoin TxFee</a></li><li><a href="./RBF.html"><strong>11.2.</strong> Bitcoin Replace by fee</a></li><li><a href="./TxFee_ETH.html"><strong>11.3.</strong> Ethereum TxFee</a></li><li><a href="./ERC20.html"><strong>11.4.</strong> ERC20/ERC223/ERC721</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Crypto.html"><strong>12.</strong> Crypto Algorithm</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./secp256k1.html"><strong>12.1.</strong> secp256k1</a></li><li><a href="./ZK-SNARKs.html"><strong>12.2.</strong> ZKP/ZK-SNARKs</a></li><li><a href="./CoinJoin.html"><strong>12.3.</strong> CoinJoin</a></li><li><a href="./RingSig.html"><strong>12.4.</strong> RingSig</a></li><li><a href="./Crypto_SM.html"><strong>12.5.</strong> SMx</a></li><li><a href="./PQC.html"><strong>12.6.</strong> Post-Quantum Cryptography</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Messaging.html"><strong>13.</strong> Messaging</a></li><li><a href="./Node_Discovery.html"><strong>14.</strong> Node discovery</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Gossip_Protocol.html"><strong>14.1.</strong> Gossip Protocol</a></li><li><a href="./DHT_Protocol.html"><strong>14.2.</strong> DHT Protocol</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Sync.html"><strong>15.</strong> Synchronization</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./btc_sync.html"><strong>15.1.</strong> Bitcoin Header frist</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Interconnecting.html"><strong>16.</strong> Interconnect & Cross-chain</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./ILP.html"><strong>16.1.</strong> Interledger Protocol (ILP)</a></li><li><a href="./DID.html"><strong>16.2.</strong> Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)</a></li><li><a href="./0xProtocol.html"><strong>16.3.</strong> 0x Protocol</a></li><li><a href="./Polkadot.html"><strong>16.4.</strong> Polkadot</a></li><li><a href="./Cosmos.html"><strong>16.5.</strong> Cosmos</a></li><li><a href="./OmiseGO.html"><strong>16.6.</strong> OmiseGO</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./Oracle.html"><strong>17.</strong> Oracle</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Gnosis.html"><strong>17.1.</strong> Gnosis</a></li><li><a href="./Augur.html"><strong>17.2.</strong> Augur</a></li><li><a href="./Amoveo.html"><strong>17.3.</strong> Amoveo</a></li><li><a href="./ZenProtocol.html"><strong>17.4.</strong> Zen Protocal</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./SmartContract.html"><strong>18.</strong> SmartContract</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="./Asset_Contract.html"><strong>18.1.</strong> Asset</a></li><li><a href="./Loan_Contract.html"><strong>18.2.</strong> Loan</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="./VM.html"><strong>19.</strong> VM</a></li></ul>
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<a class="header" href="./Ouroboros_Praos.html#intro" id="intro"><h3>Intro</h3></a>
<p>“Ouroboros Praos”, a proof-of-stake blockchain protocol that, for the first time, provides security against fully-adaptive corruption in the semi-synchronous setting: Specifically, the adversary can corrupt any participant of a dynamically evolving population of stakeholders at any moment as long the stakeholder distribution maintains
an honest majority of stake; furthermore, the protocol tolerates an <strong>adversarially-controlled message delivery delay</strong> unknown to protocol participants.</p>
<p>To achieve these guarantees we formalize and realize in the universal composition setting a suitable form of <strong>forward secure digital signatures</strong> and a new type of verifiable random function that maintains unpredictability under malicious key generation. Our security proof develops a general combinatorial framework for the analysis of semi-synchronous blockchains that may be of independent interest. We prove our protocol secure under standard cryptographic assumptions in the <strong>random oracle model</strong>.</p>
<a class="header" href="./Ouroboros_Praos.html#references" id="references"><h3>References</h3></a>
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<li>https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/573.pdf</li>
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