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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>SAFEST</title>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" class="h-25" href="/src/assets/images/fav_icon.png" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/index.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T3c6CoIi6uLrA9TneNEoa7RxnatzjcDSCmG1MXxSR1GAsXEV/Dwwykc2MPK8M2HN" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-C6RzsynM9kWDrMNeT87bh95OGNyZPhcTNXj1NW7RuBCsyN/o0jlpcV8Qyq46cDfL" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav id="navbar" class="navbar navbar-light bg-light navbar-expand-sm fixed-top"
style="background-color:white; overflow:visible;">
<div class="navbar-wrapper d-flex align-items-center">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/index.html"><img src="/src/assets/images/SAFEST_LOGO_.png"
style="width: auto; height: 40px;"></a>
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggler" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapse"
aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse" id="collapse">
<ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto me-auto">
<li class="nav-item active"><a href="/index.html" class="nav-link">Home</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/installation/installation.html" class="nav-link">Installation</a></li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="licensesDropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
aria-expanded="false">
Licenses
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="licensesDropdown">
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/src/components/licenses/academic-license.html">Academic</a></li>
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/src/components/licenses/commercial-license.html">Commercial</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="servicesDropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
Services
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="servicesDropdown">
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/src/components/services/consultancy-services.html">Consultancy Services</a></li>
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/src/components/services/implementation-services.html">Implementation & Integration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href=" /src/components/documentations/dft-documentations.html"
class="nav-link">Resources</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/support/dft-support.html" class="nav-link">Support</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/case_studies/dft-case-studies.html" class="nav-link">Case
Studies</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/latest_news/latest-news.html" class="nav-link">Latest News</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/team/dft-team.html" class="nav-link">Team</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a href="/src/components/contact/contact.html" class="nav-link">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<a class="navbar-brand " href="https://www.dgbtek.com"><img src="/src/assets/images/dgb-logo.png"
style="width: auto; height: 40px;"></a>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- main header & image -->
<section style="margin-top: 4rem">
<div class="header-section mb-5">
<div class="header-container">
<div class="header-text">
<h1 class="header-title">SAFEST: A Probabilistic</h1>
<h1 class="header-title">Risk Assessment Toolchain
</h1>
<p class="header-description">
A fully automatic, scalable, and state-of-the-art tool that is based on <span class="bluehighlight-text">dynamic fault trees (DFT) and event trees</span> and, thus,
can faithfully assess the risk of <span class="bluehighlight-text">fail-operational/fault-tolerant dynamic systems with decision-making capabilities.</span>
It is equally competitive with existing commercial tools (for static fault trees analysis), but offers more flexible
modeling and analyses, going beyond the capabilities of other tools, of dynamic systems as it <span class="bluehighlight-text">covers all DFT gates</span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="header-image">
<div class="badge-container">
<img
src="/src/assets/images/webImage.png"
alt="Laptop with website preview"
class="header-laptop-image"
/>
<div class="badge">
<span class="badge-text">FREE <br>for<br> Academia</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- main header & image end here -->
<div class="content container-fluid col-sm-8">
<div style="margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #f8f8f8; border-radius: 8px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
<div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<a href="/src/components/licenses/commercial-license.html" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 20px; background-color: #f44336; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px;">Try 30 Days For Free</a>
</div>
<h2 style="font-size: 28px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">During the free trial period, do you have any questions? We'll Help You!</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: #555; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: center;">Whether you have a question or want help building a solution, we'll give you the information you need to make the best decisions for your business. Start with your 30 day free trial and learn what SAFEST can do for you.</p>
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<!-- Step 1 -->
<div style="flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">
<!-- <div style="margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 14px; color:#555;">Step 1 Icon</div> -->
<img src="/src/assets/images/calendar.png" alt="Step 1 Icon" style="width: 60px; height: 60px; margin-bottom: 10px; object-fit: contain;">
<a href="/src/components/installation/installation.html" class="my-4" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 20px; background-color: #00acff; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">Get Started Now</a>
<p style="font-size: 14px; color: #555; line-height: 1.4;margin: 0px;">Start your 30-day free trial period, and explore the SAFEST.</p>
</div>
<div class="mb-5" style="width: 40px;display:flex; justify-content: center; align-items:center; font-size: 24px; color:#888;">➔</div>
<!-- Step 2 -->
<div style="flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding: 10px;text-align: center;">
<!-- <div style="margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 14px; color:#555;">Step 2 Icon</div> -->
<img src="/src/assets/images/live-chat.png" alt="Step 2 Icon" style="width: 60px; height: 60px; margin-bottom: 10px; object-fit: contain;">
<a href="#" class="my-4" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 20px; background-color: #00acff; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">Schedule a Demo</a>
<p style="font-size: 14px; color: #555; line-height: 1.4;margin: 0px;">Our experts will contact you to learn about your difficulties and answer any questions you may have regarding the SAFEST.</p>
</div>
<div class="mb-5" style="width: 40px;display:flex; justify-content: center; align-items:center; font-size: 24px; color:#888;">➔</div>
<!-- Step 3 -->
<div style="flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding: 10px;text-align: center;">
<!-- <div style="margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 14px; color:#555;">Step 3 Icon</div> -->
<img src="/src/assets/images/integration.png" alt="Step 3 Icon" style="width: 60px; height: 60px; margin-bottom: 10px; object-fit: contain;">
<a href="/src/components/services/implementation-services.html" class="my-4" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 10px; background-color: #00acff; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">Integrate with your workflows</a>
<p style="font-size: 14px; color: #555; line-height: 1.4;margin: 0px;">Our professionals will even develop a free prototype solution to your problems, outlining the advantages of the SAFEST over competing PRA technologies.</p>
</div>
<div class="mb-5" style="width: 40px;display:flex; justify-content: center; align-items:center; font-size: 24px; color:#888;">➔</div>
<!-- Step 4 -->
<div style="flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">
<!-- <div style="margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 14px; color:#555;">Step 4 Icon</div> -->
<img src="/src/assets/images/resources_.png" alt="Step 4 Icon" style="width: 60px; height: 60px; margin-bottom: 10px; object-fit: contain;">
<a href="/src/components/services/consultancy-services.html" class="my-4" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px 10px; background-color: #00acff; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">Need Consultancy</a>
<p style="font-size: 14px; color: #555; line-height: 1.4;margin: 0px;">We continue to provide excellent help. We provide a wealth of technical resources and consulting services to help you successfully transition to SAFEST and handle any upcoming needs.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- SAFEST features overview -->
<div class="content container-fluid col-sm-8">
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 70px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto">
<div class="csi-body">
<h3 style="text-align: center">SAFEST Features Overview</h3>
<div class="divider-line-center"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Faithful modeling and analysis of complex systems</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<div class="m-auto" style="padding: 0px 60px 0px 50px">
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">
<p>In order to accurately model large systems with <span class="bluehighlight-text">redundancies, (probabilistic) functional dependencies, and temporal ordering among malfunctioning components</span>—such as power plants, railroads, drones, medical equipment, satellites, and self-driving cars—static fault trees are too simplistic a formalism.</p>
<p>Similarly, event trees are unable to quantify losses such as the number of injuries, monetary loss, etc., or represent, for example, operators’ judgments following an accident, which may be necessary to lessen the impact of severe repercussions.</p>
<p><span class="bluehighlight-text">Dynamic fault trees and event trees overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings</span> and, thus, enable the modeling and analysis of fail-operational/fault-tolerant dynamic systems.</p>
<div class="image-wrapper">
<img src="/src/assets/images/fault-tolerance.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>A tool for compliance with safety standards of high-tech industries</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<div class="m-auto" style="padding: 0px 60px 0px 50px">
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">
<p>SAFEST is a unique tool that allows probabilistic risk assessments of complex dynamic systems, which is required by high-tech agencies like NASA, ESA, the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Additionally, it aids in fulfilling the requirements of global standards like ISO 26262, which demands rigorous risk assessment in the automotive industry:</p>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: flex-start;">
<img src="/src/assets/images/iso-certification.png" alt="ISO 26262 Logo" style="width: 100px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; height:auto; flex-shrink:0;">
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>Metrics are verifiable and precise enough to differentiate between different system architectures.</li>
<li>[For systems where the] concept is based on redundant safety mechanisms, multiple-point failures of a higher order than two are considered in the analysis.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row m-auto mt-5 mb-4">
<div class="col-sm-1"></div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<img src="/src/assets/images/USNRC.png" width="60%">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 ">
<img src="/src/assets/images/NASA.png" width="60%">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 ">
<img src="/src/assets/images/esa.png" width="60%">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 ">
<img src="/src/assets/images/FAA.png" width="60%">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2 ">
<img src="/src/assets/images/ENSREG.png" width="100%">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-1"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Specification (CSL logic) & quantification of advanced reliability metrics</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<div class="m-auto" style="padding: 0px 60px 0px 50px">
Apart from traditional reliability metrics, SAFEST allows the computing of advanced dependability metrics. It
categorizes metrics based on their complexity: Basic, Advanced, Importance, and Custom.
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">
<details>
<summary class="section-header" onclick="toggleSubSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>Basic</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>Reliability: the probability of failure within a given time bound.</li>
<li>Unreliability: the complement of reliability (1- Reliability).</li>
<li>Average failure probability per hour</li>
<li>Mean-time-to-failure: the expected time to system failure or scenario occurrence.</li>
<li>Event probability within a time bound: the probability that an event occurs within a given time.</li>
<li>Event probability: the probability that an event occurs.</li>
<li>Instantaneous probability: the probability that an event occurs at a given time.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</details>
<details>
<summary class="section-header" onclick="toggleSubSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>Advanced</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>Full function availability (FFA): the time-bounded probability that the system provides full functionality, indicating it has neither failed nor degraded.</li>
<li>Failure without degradation (FWD): the time-bounded probability that the system fails without being degraded first.</li>
<li>Mean time from degradation to failure (MTDF): The expected time from the moment of degradation to system failure.</li>
<li>Minimal degraded reliability (MDR): the worst-case failure probability when using the system in a degraded state.</li>
<li>Failure under limited operation in degradation (FLOD_1): the probability of failure when imposing a time limit for using a degraded system.</li>
<li>Failure under limited operation in degradation (FLOD_2): similar to FLOD_1, but with additional conditions of avoiding prior system failure.</li>
<li>System integrity under limited fail-operation (SILFO): it considers the system-wide impact of limiting the degraded operation time, with aspects FWD and FLOD_1.</li>
<li>Reach-avoid probability: the probability of one event occurring without another event happening before.</li>
<li>Time-bounded reach-avoid probability: the probability of an event occurring within a time limit without another event happening beforehand.</li>
</ul>
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</div>
</details>
</div>
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<b>Importance</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>Birnbaum index (BI): it measures how much the system's unreliability depends on a specific component's unreliability.</li>
<li>Criticality importance (CI): similar to BI, scaled by the ratio of component and system unreliability.</li>
<li>Risk achievement worth (RAW): the impact of a component's total degradation on system unreliability.</li>
<li>Risk reduction worth (RRW): the impact of making a component fully reliable on system unreliability.</li>
<li>Diagnostics importance factor (DIF): the frequency of a component's failure in states where the system has failed.</li>
<li>BAGT+: the change in mean time-to-failure (MTTF) if the component fully degrades.</li>
<li>BAGT-: the change in mean time-to-failure (MTTF) if the component is fully reliable.</li>
</ul>
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<img src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/csl-importance.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"/>
</div>
</div>
</details>
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<div style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">
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<b>Custom</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<p>Custom properties can be specified using Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) / Continuous Stochastic Logic (CSL).</p>
<p>The probability measure on Markov models is typically defined on paths. These paths are defined as in temporal logic, or more specifically computation tree logic (CTL), a branching-time logic. That means that the formula alternates over descriptions of paths and descriptions of states.</p>
<details open>
<summary class="section-header" onclick="toggleSubSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>Path Formulae</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<p>For this, we assume that <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> and <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> are <span style="color:red;">state formulae</span> and <span style="color:red;">{op}</span> is any one of <, <=, =, >=, >. The available path formulae are:</p>
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li><i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> U <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> to describe paths on which at some point <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> holds and in all prior steps <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> holds.</li>
<li>F <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> as a shortcut for <span style="color:red;">true U <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i></span>.</li>
<li><i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> U<span style="color:red;">{op}</span>k <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> (where k is an expression evaluating to a number) to describe the paths on which <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> holds within k time (where time in discrete models means steps) and <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> holds before.</li>
<li>F<span style="color:red;">{op}</span>k <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> as a shortcut for <span style="color:red;">true U<span style="color:red;">{op}</span>k <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i></span>.</li>
<li>G <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> to describe paths on which <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> holds in every step.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</details>
<details open>
<summary class="section-header" onclick="toggleSubSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>State Formulae</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<p>Here, we assume that <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> and <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> are <span style="color:red;">state formulae</span>, phi is a <span style="color:red;">path formula</span> and <span style="color:red;">{op}</span> is any one of <, <=, =, >=, >. The available state formulae are:</p>
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>c where c is either a label or an expression over the model variables.</li>
<li><i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> | <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i>, <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> & <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i> to describe all states that satisfy <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> or <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i>, <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> and <i style="font-style:italic;">b</i>, respectively.</li>
<li>!<i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> to describe the states not satisfying <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i>.</li>
<li>P[<span style="color:red;">{op}</span>]t [ phi ] (where t is a threshold value) to describe the states in which the probability to satisfy phi conforms to the comparison <span style="color:red;">{op}</span> t.</li>
<li>LRA[<span style="color:red;">{op}</span>]t [ <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> ] to describe states in which the long-run average probability to be in a state satisfying <i style="font-style:italic;">a</i> conforms to <span style="color:red;">{op}</span> t.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</details>
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>Obtaining Probabilities</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<p>Although formally not allowed in PCTL/CSL, one can also request the probability of fulfilling a path formula from each state. Instead of comparing to a given value <span style="color:red;">P{op}b [ phi ]</span> , one can write <span style="color:red;">P=? [ phi ]</span> to obtain the actual values rather then obtaining a truth value.</p>
</div>
</details>
<details>
<summary class="section-header" onclick="toggleSubSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<b>Nondeterministic Models</b>
</summary>
<div class="section-content">
<p>For nondeterministic models, the formula can (and sometimes needs to) specify whether it refers to minimal or maximal probabilities. Since there is no information on how the nondeterminism in the models is to be resolved, Storm needs information on whether it should resolve the choices to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">minimize</span> or <span style="text-decoration: underline;">maximize</span> the values. That is, you cannot write <span style="color:red;">P=? [F a]</span>, but have to either write <span style="color:red;">Pmin=? [F a]</span> or <span style="color:red;">Pmax=? [F a]</span>. While you can also specify <span style="text-decoration: underline;">min</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">max</span> when comparing to a probability threshold, it's not necessary to do it. By default, if the comparison operator <span style="color:red;">{op}</span> is < or <=, then the probability is maximized and otherwise minimized. The reasoning is the following: if the property holds in a state, then no matter which resolution of nondeterminism is taken, the probability will always be below (or equal) to the threshold value.</p>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Graphical Interface for first-time users and experienced users</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
The tool provides a drag-&-drop interface to model fault trees graphically, specify and verify measures of interest, plot results, and do step-by-step simulation of fault trees. Advanced users can use features like specifying custom properties, characterizing complex system behaviours (states using Boolean equations) and quantifying their probabilities.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/safest_gui.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>BDD, Markov and hybrid analysis of complex systems</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
Fault trees are a key model in reliability analysis. Classical static fault trees (SFT) can best be analysed using binary decision diagrams (BDD) whereas state-based techniques are favorable for the more expressive dynamic fault trees (DFT). We combine the best of both worlds by following Dugan’s approach: dynamic sub-trees are analysed via model checking Markov models and replaced by basic events capturing the obtained failure probabilities. The resulting SFT is then analysed via BDDs. Our implementation of Dugan’s approach significantly outperforms pure Markovian analysis of DFTs.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/dft-sft-analysis.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Exact analysis of dynamic systems using probabilistic model-checking</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
Complex systems usually have dynamic behaviour because of e.g. spare components, failure sequence among components, functional dependencies, etc. The analysis of such systems is usually quite complex which is usually based on simulation or generalization techniques. Unlike others we implement formal verification techniques e.g. probabilistic model-checking, and thus provide exact results on measures of interest. For systems having large state space, we provide an iterative analysis approach providing upper and lower bounds on the exact values of measures as discussed below.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/analysis.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="section-header" onclick="toggleSection(this)">
<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Sound-bounded analysis for dynamic systems having very large state-space</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
In order to compute exact results for measures, first the full state space is constructed, and then analyzed. However, many states in the state space only marginally contribute to the result. If one is interested in an approximation of the MTTF (or the reliability), these states are of minor interest. SAFEST provides an approach that generates the state-space on-the-fly, and then compute an upper and a lower bound to the exact results on a partially unfolded system, which might be much smaller as compared to the fully unfolded system. The approximation is sound ensuring the exact result lies between these two bounds.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/bounded-analysis.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
/>
</div>
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Graphs on (advanced) measures</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
Reliability measures help figuring out optimal maintenance schedules of systems thus reducing their downtimes and saving cost at the same time. Fault trees that model sub-systems of systems can even predict their health individually thus helping make even more detailed maintenance schedules. We provide a graphical interface to plot and compare measures of interest e.g. reliability of different sub-systems, which is helpful in deciding maintenance schedules.
</p>
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src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/graph.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
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</div>
</div>
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Understanding semantics of all DFT gates through graphical simulation</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
The idea is to interactively visualize a sequence of failures in a DFT. The user would start with a usual DFT and could select one of the basic events (BE) that should fail first. Based on this, the status of each DFT element (failed, operational, fail-safe, claiming in SPAREs, etc.) is redetermined and then visualized. Afterwards, another BE can be selected to fail and so forth. The main benefit of this feature is that the semantics of all gates of DFTs become much clearer to undertand as users can try out the behaviour by themselves.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/sim_gui.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
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</div>
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Automatic simplification of large fault trees before analysis</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
Fault trees are a popular industrial technique for reliability modelling and analysis. Their extension with common reliability patterns, such as spare management, functional dependencies, and sequencing — known as dynamic fault trees (DFTs) — has an adverse effect on scalability, prohibiting the analysis of complex, industrial cases by, e.g., probabilistic model checkers. SAFEST makes use of reduction techniques for DFTs. Experiments on a large set of benchmarks show substantial fault tree simplifications, yielding state space reductions and timing gains of up to two orders of magnitude.
</p>
<div style="display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items:flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-around;">
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alt="Structure knowledge example"
style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 400px; object-fit: contain; display: block; margin-bottom: 5px;"
/>
<figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;">Before Simplification</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="text-align:center; max-width: 48%; padding-bottom: 5px;">
<img
src="/src/assets/images/after_simplification_resized.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 400px; object-fit: contain; display: block; margin-bottom: 5px;"
/>
<figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;">After Simplification</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
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<h3>Scalable analysis of large systems using modularization</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
It allows evaluating subsystems individually and simplifying the large systems into smaller ones. It helps analysing large fault trees in an iterative way. Moreover, the rendering of large fault trees on canvas sometimes does not give a true picture/understanding of the underlying fault model. We, therefore, allow interactive breakdown of large fault trees into independent modules, static or dynamic, organized in a hierarchical manner. This improves the readability of the model and allows verification of metrics on individual models easily.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/modularization.png"
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<h3>Model-based safety assessment (DFTs extraction from SysML v2 models)</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
SAFEST automates model-based risk assessment (MBRA) in parallel with model-based systems engineering (MBSE). By annotating safety aspects (e.g. redundancy, functional dependencies, failure ordering, etc.) in SysML 2.0 models, aur algorithm automatically extract relevant DFTs out of them. This reduces a lot of effort required in building DFTS manually from SysML 2.0 models.
</p>
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<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/sysml-dft.png"
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Parametric fault trees and event trees & (empirical) failure distributions</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
Model parameters can be provided in the form of constants, real expressions, and failure distributions. Failure distributions can be specified manually or evaluated from data sets that are generated during system operations. Furthermore, weighted failure distributions are also supported, allowing combining two or more failure distributions into one failure distribution. For example, combining failure distributions from international reliability standards with empirical distributions (calculated from field data) allows for having more meaningful distributions for system analysis in production.
</p>
<div class="image-wrapper">
<img
src="src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/empirical.png"
/>
</div>
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<span class="toggle-icon"></span>
<h3>Event trees embedded with dynamic fault trees </h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">
<p>We extend classical event trees with non-deterministic choices and decision-making at states and allow the addition of state rewards and/or losses. Moreover, DFTs can be embedded into RETs and provide transition probabilities (of RETs). By analyzing RETs, one can determine</p>
<ul style="padding-left: 20px;">
<li>Expected gains or losses, such as radioactive leakage, fatalities, etc.,</li>
<li>Max/min limits on the frequencies and probability of the outcomes in event trees, and</li>
<li>Wise choices to, for example, lessen the unfavorable effects/outcomes.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="image-wrapper">
<img
src="/src/assets/images/tool-features/feat-screens/rets.png"
alt="Structure knowledge example"
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</div>
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<h3>Powered by Storm model-checker as the backend computational engine</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p style="text-align: justify">
The Backend Computational Engine
SAFEST is powered by
<a href="https://www.stormchecker.org" target="_blank">[Storm]</a>
-- a state-of-the-art probabilistic model checker.
Storm is a tool for the analysis of systems involving random or probabilistic phenomena.
Given an input model and a quantitative specification,
it can determine whether the input model conforms to the specification.
It has been designed with performance and modularity in mind. SAFEST interacts with
the DFT module of Storm -- storm-dft --
using a Python binding
<a href="https://github.com/moves-rwth/stormpy" target="_blank">[stormpy]</a>
and utilizes the rich features of
<a href="https://github.com/volkm/dftlib/" target="_blank">[diftlib]</a>
library. </p>
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<img src="/src/assets/images/chrat.png" alt="Structure knowledge example"/>
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<div style="text-align: center;">Comparison of Tools for the Analysis of Quantitative Formal Models (QComp 2020)</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3>SAFEST is validated against a DFT benchmark</h3>
</div>
<div class="section-content">
<p>
The SAFEST tool has been validated against multiple fault
trees in the <a href="https://dftbenchmarks.utwente.nl" target="_blank">[FFORT fault tree forest]</a>, a DFT
benchmark suite maintained at University of Twente. FFORT is a collection of fault trees gathered from scientific
literature and open industrial reports. One can find the analysis results for
the fault trees verifiable by our tool in the suite in comparison with other
tools (if any).
</p>
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<h3 style="text-align: center">Users appreciate SAFEST</h3>
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<h2 style="font-size: 20px;">Dr. Massod Akmali</h2>
<h4 style="font-size: 16px;">Assystems
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I believe SAFEST is an exceptional PRA toolchain, especially for nuclear R&D. SAFEST enables me to confirm the dependability of nuclear safety systems during a time period that is divided into phases, such as pre-LOCA and post-LOCA, because of its complex reliability measures. In all my professional experience, I have never encountered a tool like this. Bravo, the SAFEST team!
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<h2 style="font-size: 20px;">Fahad Izhar</h2>
<h4 style="font-size: 16px;">Tasnee
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SAFEST is revolutionary for dynamic analysis! The handling of all DFT gates allows for the modeling of systems with exceptional accuracy. It's much more robust, scalable, and numerically accurate (up to 16 decimal places) than other tools I've used.
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<h2 style="font-size: 20px;">Luigui Salazar</h2>
<h4 style="font-size: 16px;">Assystems
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It is an excellent tool for modeling how systems behave dynamically. If an event occurs during operations, I can quickly add new failure modes for system components. For example, I can add more failure modes for elements that are exposed to adverse weather during operations. Working with such a tool is simply great!
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<h2 style="font-size: 20px;">Dr. Emir Roumili (PhD)</h2>
<h4 style="font-size: 16px;">CFIT
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I found it very useful to model redundancy in dynamic systems. The sole tool that can faithfully model “failure-on-demand” for components in cold, warm, or hot redundancy conditions. Amazing R&D by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/joost-pieter-katoen-2311137/">Prof. Joost-Pieter Katoen</a> , <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mariellestoelinga/">Prof. Marielle Stoelinga</a> , <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthias-volk/">Prof. Matthias Volk</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-falak-sher-vira-7425a496/">Dr. Falak Sher</a>, and others. Congratulations team!
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"SAFEST's dynamic analysis is a game changer! Finally, a tool that handles complex, fault-tolerant systems effectively."
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Vasmicka
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Deputy Chair
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"I believe SAFEST is an exceptional PRA toolchain, especially for nuclear R&D.
SAFEST enables me to confirm the dependability of nuclear safety systems during
a time period that is divided into phases, such as pre-LOCA and post-LOCA,
because of its complex reliability measures. In all my professional experience,
I have never encountered a tool like this. Bravo, the SAFEST team!"
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Dr Masood Akmali <a
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Researcher, Formal Methods
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"We've significantly improved our risk assessments using SAFEST. The ability to model decision-making capabilities is invaluable for our dynamic systems."
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Jane Sydney
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Senior Research And Development Engineer, Assystem
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"The scalability of SAFEST is impressive. It provides accurate and insightful analysis, even for our very complex systems."
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Marvick
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Senior Developer