Merge pull request #1436 from i-mprovising/main

[i-mprovising] Week 06 solutions

Author: i-mprovising

container-with-most-water/i-mprovising.py

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+"""
+Time complexity O(n)
+Space complexity O(1)
+
+Two pointer
+"""
+
+class Solution:
+    def maxArea(self, height: List[int]) -> int:
+        s, e = 0, len(height) - 1
+        area = 0 # max area
+        while s < e:
+            h = min(height[s], height[e])
+            tmp = h * (e - s) # area at current iteration
+            area = max(area, tmp)
+            # move pointer
+            if height[s] < height[e]:
+                s += 1
+            else:
+                e -= 1
+        
+        return area

design-add-and-search-words-data-structure/i-mprovising.py

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+"""
+Time complexity O(26^w)
+Space complexity O(w)
+
+Trie, DFS
+"""
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, end=False):
+        self.children = {} # char : node
+        self.end = end
+
+class WordDictionary:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.root = Node(end=True)
+        
+    def addWord(self, word: str) -> None:
+        node = self.root
+        for ch in word:
+            if ch not in node.children:
+                node.children[ch] = Node()
+            node = node.children[ch]
+        node.end = True
+
+    def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
+        return self.dfs(self.root, word)
+
+    def dfs(self, start, word):
+        ch = word[0]
+        if ch == word:
+            if ch == '.':
+                return any([node.end for node in start.children.values()])
+            elif ch in start.children:
+                if start.children[ch].end:
+                    return True
+            return False
+        
+        if ch == '.':
+            return any([self.dfs(node, word[1:]) for c, node in start.children.items()])
+        elif ch in start.children:
+            return self.dfs(start.children[ch], word[1:])
+        else:
+            return False

longest-increasing-subsequence/i-mprovising.py

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+"""
+Time complexity O(n^2)
+Space complexity O(n)
+
+Dynamic programming
+"""
+
+class Solution:
+    def lengthOfLIS(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        
+        dp = [(1, nums[0])] # sequence len, max num in sequence
+
+        for i in range(1, len(nums)):
+            num = nums[i]
+            max_len = 1
+            for j in range(i):
+                x, y = dp[j]
+                if y < num:
+                    if max_len < x + 1:
+                        max_len = x + 1
+            dp.append((max_len, num))
+
+        # find max len
+        max_len = 0
+        for x in dp:
+            if x[0] > max_len:
+                max_len = x[0]
+
+        return max_len

spiral-matrix/i-mprovising.py

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+"""
+Time complexity O(m*n)
+
+단순구현
+"""
+
+class Solution:
+    def spiralOrder(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
+        """
+        111  
+        1M1   visited
+        111 
+        """
+        m, n = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
+        
+        board = [[0] * (n+2)]
+        for i in range(m):
+            tmp = [0] + matrix[i] + [0]
+            board.append(tmp)
+        board.append([0] * (n+2))
+
+        visited = [[True] * (n+1)]
+        for _ in range(m):
+            tmp = [True] + [False] * n + [True]
+            visited.append(tmp)
+        visited.append([True] * (n+1))
+
+        direction = 0
+        x, y = 1, 1
+        numbers = []
+
+        for _ in range(m * n):
+            numbers.append(board[x][y])
+            visited[x][y] = True
+
+            i, j = self.next_idx(direction, x, y)
+            if visited[i][j]:
+                direction = self.change_dir(direction)
+                x, y = self.next_idx(direction, x, y)
+            else:
+                x, y = i, j
+
+        return numbers
+
+    def next_idx(self, dir, x, y):
+        """
+        0 1 2 3 : R D L U
+        """
+        if dir == 0:
+            y += 1
+        elif dir == 1:
+            x += 1
+        elif dir == 2:
+            y -= 1
+        else:
+            x -= 1
+        return x, y
+    
+    def change_dir(self, dir):
+        return (dir + 1) % 4

valid-parentheses/i-mprovising.py

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+"""
+Time complexity O(n)
+
+stack
+"""
+class Solution:
+    def isValid(self, s: str) -> bool:
+        open_brackets = ["(", "{", "["]
+        bracket_map = {"(":")", "{":"}", "[":"]"}
+        stack = []
+        for char in s:
+            if char in open_brackets:
+                stack.append(char)
+                continue
+            if not stack:
+                return False
+            open_b = stack.pop() # last in open bracket
+            if bracket_map[open_b] != char:
+                return False
+        if stack:
+            return False
+        return True