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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>Funciones - Rust por Ejemplo | DayronBG</title>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="index.html">Introducción</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Hola Mundo</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/comment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Comentarios</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/print.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Impresión formateada</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/print/print_debug.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.1.</strong> Depuración</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/print/print_display.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.2.</strong> Mostrar</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/print/print_display/testcase_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.2.1.</strong> Caso de prueba: Lista</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="hello/print/fmt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.3.</strong> Formateo</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="primitives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Primitivos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="primitives/literals.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Literales y operadores</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="primitives/tuples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Tuplas</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="primitives/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Arrays y Slices</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Tipos personalizados</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Estructuras</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Enumeraciones</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/enum/enum_use.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.1.</strong> uso</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/enum/c_like.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.2.</strong> Estilo C</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/enum/testcase_linked_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.3.</strong> Caso de prueba: lista enlazada</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="custom_types/constants.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> constantes</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="variable_bindings.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Asignaciones de variables</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="variable_bindings/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Mutabilidad</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="variable_bindings/scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Alcance y enmascaramiento</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="variable_bindings/declare.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Declarar primero</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="variable_bindings/freeze.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> Congelamiento</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Tipos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="types/cast.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Conversión de tipos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="types/literals.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Literales</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="types/inference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Inferencia</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="types/alias.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Alias</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Conversión</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="conversion/from_into.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> From y Into</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="conversion/try_from_try_into.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> TryFrom y TryInto</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="conversion/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> A y desde Strings</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Expresiones</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Flujo de control</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/if_else.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> if/else</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/loop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> bucle</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/loop/nested.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.1.</strong> Anidación y etiquetas</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/loop/return.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.2.</strong> Salir de bucles</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/while.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> while</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/for.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> for y rango</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> match</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.</strong> Desestructuración</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.1.</strong> tuplas</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.2.</strong> arrays/slices</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.3.</strong> enumeraciones</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_pointers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.4.</strong> punteros/ref</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_structures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.5.</strong> estructuras</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/guard.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.2.</strong> Guardias</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/match/binding.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.3.</strong> Vinculación</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/if_let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> if let</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/let_else.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> let-else</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="flow_control/while_let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> while let</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="fn.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Funciones</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/methods.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> Métodos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> Cierres</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/capture.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.1.</strong> Captura</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/input_parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.2.</strong> Como parámetros de entrada</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/anonymity.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.3.</strong> Anonimato de tipo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/input_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.4.</strong> Funciones de entrada</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/output_parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.5.</strong> Como parámetros de salida</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.</strong> Ejemplos en std</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples/iter_any.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.1.</strong> Iterator::any</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples/iter_find.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.2.</strong> Búsqueda a través de iteradores</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/hof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> Funciones de orden superior</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="fn/diverging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Funciones divergentes</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Módulos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod/visibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> Visibilidad</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod/struct_visibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> Visibilidad de estructuras</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod/use.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> La declaración use</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod/super.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> super y self</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="mod/split.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> Jerarquía de archivos</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Crates</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="crates/lib.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> Creación de una biblioteca</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="crates/using_lib.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> Uso de una biblioteca</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Cargo</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="cargo/deps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> Dependencias</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="cargo/conventions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> Convenciones</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="cargo/test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Pruebas</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="cargo/build_scripts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> Scripts de construcción</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="attribute.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Atributos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="attribute/unused.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> dead_code</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="attribute/crate.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> Cajones</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="attribute/cfg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> cfg</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="attribute/cfg/custom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.1.</strong> Personalizado</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> Genéricos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/gen_fn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> Funciones</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/impl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> Implementación</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/gen_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> Rasgos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> Límites</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/bounds/testcase_empty.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.1.</strong> Caso de prueba: límites vacíos</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/multi_bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.5.</strong> Múltiples límites</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/where.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.6.</strong> Cláusulas where</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/new_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.7.</strong> Nuevo Idioma de Tipos</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/assoc_items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.</strong> Elementos asociados</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/assoc_items/the_problem.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.1.</strong> El Problema</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/assoc_items/types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.2.</strong> Tipos asociados</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/phantom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.9.</strong> Parámetros de tipo fantasma</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="generics/phantom/testcase_units.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.9.1.</strong> Caso de prueba: aclaración de unidades</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> Reglas de alcance</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/raii.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> RAII</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/move.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> Propiedad y movimientos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/move/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.1.</strong> Mutabilidad</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/move/partial_move.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.2.</strong> Movimientos parciales</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/borrow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> Préstamos</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/borrow/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.1.</strong> Mutabilidad</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/borrow/alias.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.2.</strong> Alias</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/borrow/ref.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.3.</strong> El patrón ref</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> Vidas</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="scope/lifetime/explicit.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.1.</strong> Anotación explícita</a></li><li class="chapter-item 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Elisión</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Traits</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/derive.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> Derivar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/dyn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.2.</strong> Retorno de Traits con dyn</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/ops.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.3.</strong> Sobrecarga de Operadores</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/drop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.4.</strong> Drop</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/iter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.5.</strong> Iteradores</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/impl_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.6.</strong> impl Trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/clone.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.7.</strong> Clonar</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/supertraits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.8.</strong> Supertraits</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="trait/disambiguating.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.9.</strong> Desambiguación de traits superpuestos</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="macros.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> macro_rules!</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="macros/syntax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> Sintaxis</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="macros/designators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.1.</strong> Designadores</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="macros/overload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.2.</strong> Sobrecarga</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="macros/repeat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.3.</strong> 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<h1 id="funciones"><a class="header" href="#funciones">Funciones</a></h1>
<p>Las funciones se declaran utilizando la palabra clave <code>fn</code>. Sus argumentos están anotados con su tipo, al igual que las variables, y, si la función devuelve un valor, el tipo de retorno debe ser especificado después de una flecha <code>-></code>.</p>
<p>La expresión final en la función se utilizará como valor de retorno. Alternativamente, se puede usar la declaración <code>return</code> para devolver un valor antes desde dentro de la función, incluso desde dentro de bucles o declaraciones <code>if</code>.</p>
<p>¡Vamos a reescribir FizzBuzz usando funciones!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">// A diferencia de C/C++, no hay restricción sobre el orden de las definiciones de funciones
fn main() {
// Podemos usar esta función aquí y definirla en algún lugar después
fizzbuzz_hasta(100);
}
// Función que devuelve un valor booleano
fn es_divisible_por(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {
// Caso especial, retorno temprano
if rhs == 0 {
return false;
}
// Esto es una expresión, la palabra clave `return` no es necesaria aquí
lhs % rhs == 0
}
// Funciones que "no" devuelven un valor, en realidad devuelven el tipo unitario `()`
fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () {
if es_divisible_por(n, 15) {
println!("fizzbuzz");
} else if es_divisible_por(n, 3) {
println!("fizz");
} else if es_divisible_por(n, 5) {
println!("buzz");
} else {
println!("{}", n);
}
}
// Cuando una función devuelve `()`, el tipo de retorno puede omitirse de la firma
fn fizzbuzz_hasta(n: u32) {
for n in 1..=n {
fizzbuzz(n);
}
}</code></pre></pre>
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