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Class_Notes.txt
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CKA -
Orientaion - 8:30 - 9:30PM IST
Main Session - 13th Jan 2024 - 8:30PM - 11:30PM IST
CKA -
LAB Session :::
AWS - VMs
GITHUB - account -
#######################
Day 1 - 13th Jan. 2024
#######################
Pre-requisities :::
Lab :::
AWS Cloud Platform :
Create a AWS free tier Account. 12 months
Active Mobile Number
Active Email ID
Active Credit/Debit Card - International Transaction enabled.
https://aws.amazon.com/console/
Class Notes & Documents :
github - Repository
Create github account.
https://github.com/
DockerHub :::
Container Registry
https://hub.docker.com/
Introduction to Kubernetes :::
Application Builds and Deployments :::
Application ???
Kubernetes is Open-Source Container Orchestration Tool :
It is used to Deploy the Micro-Service Based Applications and Services
Used to Achive Continous Deployment without Downtime
Deployment ???
What is Application Deployment ???
Artifacts ??? -->
Life Cycle of Application :::
Developed --> Java Web Application - *.java (High Level Language)
Build --> Compile the source Code
Create Artifacts --> Binaries (Executable code) *.exec/*.war/*.jar/*.dll/
Artifacts are Deployed to Target Environments (QA/UAT/PROD)
Environments ::
Non-PROD Environment Production Environment
Dev Environment
Build Environment Unit Testing
Testing
QA - Quality Assurance Testing
UAT - User Acceptance Testing =====> Prod Environment
Scenario 1 ::
Developer :: Create Java Program *.java IDE +20 Lines
build - Compile & Create Artifacts mywebwebapp.war
Unit Testing - Run the Application --
Web Application Server - Tomcat / Nginx
openjdk11,Tomcat8.0 --> Tested the Application, and completed Unit Testing mywebwebapp_Img1
Docker --> Build an appln Image - mywebwebapp_Img1(mywebwebapp.war,openjdk11,Tomcat8.0)
Containerization ::
It is a process of packaging the Application along with the dependencies.
Promote the Appln.
QA Environment - mywebwebapp_Img1 & run the application using containers.
UAT Environment - mywebwebapp_Img1 & run the application using containers.
PROD Environment - mywebwebapp_Img1 & run the application using containers.
Docker Engine :::
Create Application image
Create Containers
Docker Compose -- Run Multiple Containers as a single Service.
Application Service -- created using 3-tier Application Architecture ::
Front_End Layer C1
Application Layer C2
Back_End Database Layer C3
Container Orchestration Tool :::
Docker Swarm -- Orchestrate the Containers - only for Docker Container
It is used to combine, and ensure High Availability of Containers
Create Replicas of Containers.
Auto-Scaling
Load Balancing
Kubernetes -- Orchestrate the Containers
Kubernetes is Open-Source Container Orchestration Tool
It is used to Deploy the Micro-Service Based Applications and Services
Used to Achive Continous Deployment without any Downtime
Supports Relicas, Auto-Scaling, Load-Balancing
10000 Users 50 Replicas of Containers
50000 Users More Traffic
Managed Services :::
AWS - EKS
Azure - AKS
GCP - GKS
Monolith Application Architecture :::
Tightly Coupled Application :::
Billing System :: Destop Application
Functions ::
UI
Billing Process --> fix the issue
Stock Maintainence
Data Log
Customers Database Mgmt
Micro-Service Based Application Architecture :::
Loosely Coupled Application :::
Web Application :::
Mobile Apps :::::
Netflix / amazon.com ==> web appln
www.amazon.com
user_registration - Service1 - developer1 - independently developed - tested, deployed to QA/UAT , Released to Prod
Sign_In - Service2 - developer2 - independently developed - tested, deployed to QA/UAT , Released to Prod
Search
Add to Cart
Place the order
payment
confirm the order
track the order
sdfg -
What is DevOps ???
DevOps is software Development Strategy to promote the collaboration between the teams like Development Team and the Operation Team to achive Continous Development, Continous Integration, Continous Testing, Continous Delivery / Deployment and Continous Monitoring in more automated fashion.
DevOps Stage ::
Continous Development
- it is a capability of Development team to do continuous Coding *.java
Use IDEs - Integrated Development Environment - VS Code, Visual Studio, Eclipse, pycharm - can be easily integrated with GIT, Jenkins
Continous Integration
Integrated the changes (Artifacts / Images)
Tools ::: jenkins, docker, kubernetes
Continous Testing
Tools : jenkins, selenium
Continous Delivery / Deployment
Both are meant for Production Release .
Continous Delivery ==> Expect Manual Approval for Production Release
Continous Deployment ==> It is completely Automated. Doesnt required any Manual approvals
Without any Downtime !
Kubernetes !
Continous Monitoring
Tele-Comm
Tele-comm SP1 Intro. New Offer to Customers -- > shd be released ASAP ...
SP2
Banking '
Financial
Retails
Code Promotion
deployment
PROD Release
Kubernetes Architecture :::
Core Concepts of Kubernetes ::
#######################
Day 2 - 14th Jan. 2024
#######################
Kubernetes Architecture :::
Install of Kubernetes
Core Concepts of Kubernetes ::
Container Registry ::: DockerHub
Repository ::: Is a subset of Container Registry
Environments ::
Dev
Build
QA
UAT =======>> PROD VMs --
Non-Prod
Kubernetes_Master Node (VM) ==> Used to define and schedule the Deployments.
Worker_Node1 (VM) Application -- Replicas of Containers 3 Replicas
Worker_Node2 (VM)
Worker_Node3 (VM)
Prod
Kubernetes_Master Node (VM) ==> Used to define and schedule the Deployments.
1 Worker_Node1 (VM) Application -- Replicas of Containers 3 Replicas
2 Worker_Node2 (VM)
Kubernetes_Master
Kubernetes_Master1
Kubernetes_Cluster1
Worker_Node1 (VM)
Worker_Node2 (VM)
Worker_Node3 (VM)
Kubernetes_Cluster2
Worker_Node1 (VM)
Worker_Node2 (VM)
Worker_Node3 (VM)
Kubernetes_Master2
Kubernetes_Cluster1
Worker_Node1 (VM)
Worker_Node2 (VM)
Worker_Node3 (VM)
Kubernetes_Cluster2
Worker_Node1 (VM)
Worker_Node2 (VM)
Worker_Node3 (VM)
Terminologies :::
- Images -- Static file used used to create containers
- Containers - Executable units of the Images
- Pods - Atomic unit of schedule/task
- Kubectl - Command Line Utility used to interact with Kubernetes Master
- Kubernetes_Master - Used to Define and Schedule the Pods to WorkNodes
- Kubernetes_Cluster1 - It is Logical Grouping of WorkNodes/
- Kubernetes_WorkNodes - It is used to run the application Pods.
Installation & Configuration of Kubernetes ::::
1. Launch the Required VMs in ur Cloud Platform.
2. Open all the required Ports
3. Login to All VMs.
Kubernetes_Master Node (VM) ==> Used to define and schedule the Deployments.
Worker_Node1 (VM) Application -- Replicas of Containers 3 Replicas
Worker_Node2 (VM)
4. Execute some Commands in all the Nodes
- Install Docker
- Install CRI - Container Runtime Interface - ContainerD
- Start ContainerD
- Install - Kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet
- Disable the Swap
- Start Kubelet
5. Execute some Commands only in MasterNode
- kubeadm init
5. Execute some Commands only in WorkNodes
- kubeadm join
1. Launch the Required VMs in ur Cloud Platform.
Login to AWS Console
Choose default Region
Search for EC2
EC2 Dashboard :::
Launch Instances
AMI : Ubuntu Server 20.04
Instance Type : t2.micro
Key Pair create New
No. Of Instance : 3
Connect to EC2 Instances :
- EC2 instance Connect
- SSH Agents - MobaXterm/Putty
*MobaXterm - Install in the Local Machine (Windows)
https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download.html
- Terminal
#######################
Day 3 - 20th Jan. 2024
#######################
Kubectl
Commands / Syntax
Pods
How Pods are deployed
Pod Networking
Installation and Configuration of Kubernetes Cluster.
Write the Manifest files to create pods & any Kubernetes Objects
Kubectl
Commands / Syntax
Syntax:
kubectl <command> <type> <Object_name> <arg..>
Eg:
kubectl get pod <mywebapppod1> -o wide
Pods
How Pods are deployed
Pod Networking
Installation & Configuration of Kubernetes ::::
1. Launch the Required VMs in ur Cloud Platform.
2. Open all the required Ports
3. Login to All VMs.
Kubernetes_Master Node (VM) ==> Used to define and schedule the Deployments.
Worker_Node1 (VM) Application -- Replicas of Containers 3 Replicas
Worker_Node2 (VM)
4. Execute some Commands in all the Nodes
- Define the Unique Node Name
- Install Docker
- Install CRI - Container Runtime Interface - ContainerD
- Start ContainerD
- Install - Kubeadm, kubectl, kubelet
- Disable the Swap
- Start Kubelet
5. Execute some Commands only in MasterNode
- kubeadm init
5. Execute some Commands only in WorkNodes
- kubeadm join
Write the Manifest files to create pods & any Kubernetes Objects :::
Application Development & Deployment Workflow :::
Non-Prod Environment :::
Dev Environment ==> Coding
Build ==> Build - Compile & Create Artifacts(binaries) *.war
Using Docker - We Create Application Image.
Publish Application Image to Container Registry
Kubernetes_Master ==> It runs only the Kubernetes System Related Pods
It Deploy/Schedule the Pods to the WorkerNodes
Kubernetes_WorkNode1
Kubernetes_WorkNode2
NameSpace ==> It is Logical Partition of the Kubernetes Cluster.
How to Define a Pod using Manifest file??
- How to write the Manifest File ::
- *.yaml Key:value pairs # Declarative Scripts
- *.json
Kubernetes Developer
Kubernetes Admins
DevOps Team
In Containers ::
Port Mapping/Binding ::
docker run -it -p <host_port>:<container_port> tomcat bash
#######################
Day 4 - 21st Jan. 2024
#######################
Controller Objects ::
Replication Controller
Replicaset
Deployment
Daemonset
Replicas of Pod :::
1 copy of pod deployed .
3 copies of pods
Scale-Up
Scale-Down
How to deploy//Upgrade the Applications without any downtime ????
Deployment Controller Object.
1. It is used to create replicas of Pods v1.0 = v1.1
2. Used to Upgrade the Application Version without any downtime
3. Downgrade/rollback the applications without any downtime
4. Scale-Up
5. Scale-Down
Prod_Server => mywebapp_v1.0 ==> mywebapp_v1.1
Relicas 3 ==> Used to ensure high availability of pods.
pod_instance1(mywebapp_v1.0) ==> mywebapp_v1.1
pod_instance2(mywebapp_v1.0)
pod_instance3(mywebapp_v1.0)
Deployment Stratagies:
- Rolling Update Strategy *Default
--> It will update a copy of pod with new version of Image
pod_instance1(mywebapp_v1.1)
If deployment of new version fails, we can do rollback.
- Canary / Blue-Deployments
Define Deployment Controller Objects :::
deployment objects
replicaset
pod instances.
Replicaset/Replication Controller (vs) Deployment
Just to create Copies of pod instances 1. It is used to create replicas of Pods v1.0 = v1.1
To perform Scale-Up/Down 2. Used to Upgrade the Application Version without any downtime
3. Downgrade/rollback the applications without any downtime
4. Scale-Up
5. Scale-Down
Replicaset :
It is used to deploy a specific no. of pods in the available node.
It is to ensure high availability
Daemonset - Controller Object!
It is used to deploy a copy of Pod in all the available Nodes.
Worker_Node1 --> Monitoring tool/Log/Metrix Tools using pod
Worker_Node2 --> Monitoring tool/Log/Metrix Tools using pod
Worker_Node3 --> Monitoring tool/Log/Metrix Tools using pod
Kubernetes Volumes :
Stateful Applications :::
Containers were initially used only for Stateless Applications.
Micro-Service Based Application :::
Deploy - 3 - tier Application ::
Front_End(GUI)
Application_Layer
Back_End(Database)
Container Volume :::
Containers / Pods are NOT the permanent Entities.
Even If the pod/container is lost, the data should be preserved.
Persistant Volumes:::
Types of Kubernetes Volumes ::
- EmptyDir *Temporary. Once the Pod is delete, this EmptyDir Also gets deleted.
- Hostpath Volume
- ConfigMaps
- Secrets
- Persistant Volumes
- Persistant Volume Claim
- ConfigMaps == Are used to send the Non-Sensitive Data to the pod
- Secrets == Are used to send the Sensitive Data to the pod
The data are accessible within the pod.
The secret are not accessible outside the pod.
mywebapp.war --> mywebappImage_v1.0
- QA
- UAT
- PROD
#######################
Day 5 - 27th Jan. 2024
#######################
- Kubernetes Storage Concepts
Developer
Pod :
1TB of Volume
Persistant Volumes
Static and Dynamic Provision ::
Persistant Volumes Claim
Hostpath Volume ::::
Kubernetes_Master
WN1
WN2
WN3
WN4
When we deploy a pod
- Kubernetes Services
- ClusterIP Service # Default
- NodePort Service
- Load Balancer Service
Pod1 <===> Pod2
src:x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
dest:y.y.y.y
3-Tier Application Architecture ::: Service
Front_End Podf1,f2,f3
Application_Layer PodA1,A2,A3
Back_End(DataBase) PodD1,D2,D3
NodeSelector ::
Next :
Ingress Controller
Scheduler
Security
Trouble-shooting & Monitoring
HELM Chart
Craete Kubernetes Dashboard
#######################
Day 6 - 28th Jan. 2024
#######################
Ingress Controller Object.
Security
Trouble-shooting & Logs
Demos ::
HELM Chart
Craete Kubernetes Dashboard (Prometheus & Grafana)
CICD Pipeline --> Using Jenkins -- Automated Build and Deployments using kubernetes
Java Maven Spring boot web application
Installation & Configuration of Kubernetes using kubeadm
Storage Concepts
Controller Objects & Scheduling
Services and Networking :: Network plugins - Flannels Network Plugins
Security - Namespaces!
Trouble-shooting and Monitoring Logs
Ingress Controller Object :::
Node port serivces is meant for a specific micro-service
Web Application -- 100 Micro-Service
Load-Balancer Service ==> Ingress Controller
How the Load Balancer --
Label and Selector
Routing ::
Simple Routing
Path based Routing :::
www.gmail.com LB Services
www.gmail.com/inbox Path based routing in Ingress Rules
www.gmail.com/sent
www.gmail.com/trash
Host based Routing
www.google.com
maps.google.com
translate.google.com
mail.google.com
www.gmail.com/inbox Path based routing in Ingress Rules
www.gmail.com/sent
www.gmail.com/trash
DNS Entries :::
Load Balancer - xxx.yyy.zzz.ccc (LB IP_Address)
DNS Entries :::
www.google.com
maps.google.com
translate.google.com
mail.google.com
Ingress Controller :::
Define the Ingress controller - using Nginx
Define the Ingress Resources Rules - *.yaml - ingress - Host/Path/Single_Service
Namespace :::::
Logical Partitioning of the Cluster.
Dev_Team1 --> Deploy their pods
Namespace !!!
kube-system
kube-flannel
default
QA
UAT
PROD
Default Namespace
Kubernetes Security ::::
API Server ::::
Role
Namespace Level
Cluster Level
Next :::
Demos ::
HELM Chart
Craete Kubernetes Dashboard (Prometheus & Grafana)
CICD Pipeline --> Using Jenkins -- Automated Build and Deployments using kubernetes
Java Maven Spring boot web application
#######################
Day 7 - 3rd Feb. 2024
#######################
Demos ::
HELM Chart
Craete Kubernetes Dashboard
CICD Pipeline --> Using Jenkins -- Automated Build and Deployments using kubernetes
Java Maven Spring boot web application
Node Selector ????
Scheduling
ETCD --> volume
Kubernetes_Master(Passive_Node)
Kubernetes_Master(Active_Master) - Control Plane
Worker_Node1
Worker_Node2
Worker_Node3
default # for application pod deployments
kube-system
kube-flannel
Infra-Structure Perspective ->
snaptshot - volume
Deployment ::::
Non-Prod NameSpace : DEV/QA/UAT --> Business Hours
Kubernetes_Master(Active_Master)
Worker_Node1 Pod1
Worker_Node2
Worker_Node3
Prod NameSpace : Prod(Active) 24/7
Kubernetes_Master(Active_Master)
Worker_Node1
Worker_Node2
Worker_Node3
Deployment :::
Scheduler to deploy the pods in the Nodes.
Scheduler Identify the Healthy Worker Node for Deployment !!!
From ETCD, it collects the details of the workerNodes.
In Manifest file, pods specifications
Node-Selector -- It helps to select the Node for deployment.
Kubernetes_Master(Active_Master)
Worker_Node1 (label the node) ssd kubectl taint node_name1 key:no_schedule
Worker_Node2 hdd
Worker_Node3 ssd
Labels & Selectors are used during the Scheduling.
Kubernetes Package Manager ::::
Package Manager ????
Linux -
Ubuntu - apt - Install/Unstall/Update the Packages.
centos/rhel - yum
Fedoro - dnf
curl
Helm - Is a Package Manager for Kubernetes.
https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/
- Installed HELM
- Using Helm we can install a package for Kubernetes
Monitoring Dashboards
Kubernetes_Dashboard is Package to create Dashboards for Open-Source Kubernetes
13.233.98.213:30415
https://13.233.98.213:30415/
user --> should have access to kubernetes_Dashboard svc
Create User ID - Service ID
Give Admin Access - Create Role / Cluster Role ?
NameSpace level
Cluster Level
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Day 8 - 4th Feb. 2024
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Deployments ::
Kubernetes is used to deploy micro-service based applications!
Continous Delivery -> It expects the manual approvals for production releases.
Might have down-time during production release
Continous Deployments -> It is used to deploy the services to production without any manual approvals.
This can be achieved without any down-time during production release
Deployment controller object. --> Deployment Strategy : Rolling Update Strategy
Service - NodePort Service.
Blue-Green Deployment ==> Namespaces
Production Kubernetes_Master NameSpace(ActiveProd_App_V1.1) LIVE Environment - Stopped.
WN1,WN2,WN3,WN4,...
App_v2.0 NameSpace(ActiveProd_App_v2.0) LIVE Environment
App_v2.1
App_v2.2
App_V3.0
Production Server -- Active App_V1.0 LIVE Down this server
Production Server -- Passive App_V2.0 LIVE changed to Active
DevOps Team :::
Manage the Source Code Repositories
Jenkins
Docker Builds
Ansible/Terraform
Kubernetes
Automated Builds and Deployments -
CICD Pipeline :::
Jenkins - Build Orchestration Tool
Java Web Application :::