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storage.c
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/*
* This file is part of the Trezor project, https://trezor.io/
*
* Copyright (c) SatoshiLabs
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "chacha20poly1305/rfc7539.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "hmac.h"
#include "memzero.h"
#include "norcow.h"
#include "pbkdf2.h"
#include "rand.h"
#include "sha2.h"
#include "storage.h"
#define LOW_MASK 0x55555555
// The APP namespace which is reserved for storage related values.
#define APP_STORAGE 0x00
// Norcow storage key of the PIN entry log and PIN success log.
#define PIN_LOGS_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x01)
// Norcow storage key of the combined salt, EDEK, ESAK and PIN verification code
// entry.
#define EDEK_PVC_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x02)
// Norcow storage key of the PIN set flag.
#define PIN_NOT_SET_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x03)
// Norcow storage key of the storage version.
#define VERSION_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x04)
// Norcow storage key of the storage authentication tag.
#define STORAGE_TAG_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x05)
// Norcow storage key of the wipe code data.
#define WIPE_CODE_DATA_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x06)
// Norcow storage key of the storage upgrade flag.
#define STORAGE_UPGRADED_KEY ((APP_STORAGE << 8) | 0x07)
// The PIN value corresponding to an invalid PIN.
#define PIN_INVALID 0
// The PIN value corresponding to an empty PIN.
#define PIN_EMPTY 1
// Maximum number of failed unlock attempts.
// NOTE: The PIN counter logic relies on this constant being less than or equal
// to 16.
#define PIN_MAX_TRIES 16
// The total number of iterations to use in PBKDF2.
#define PIN_ITER_COUNT 20000
// The number of seconds required to derive the KEK and KEIV.
#define DERIVE_SECS 1
// The length of the guard key in words.
#define GUARD_KEY_WORDS 1
// The length of the PIN entry log or the PIN success log in words.
#define PIN_LOG_WORDS 16
// The length of a word in bytes.
#define WORD_SIZE (sizeof(uint32_t))
// The length of the hashed hardware salt in bytes.
#define HARDWARE_SALT_SIZE SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH
// The length of the random salt in bytes.
#define RANDOM_SALT_SIZE 4
// The length of the data encryption key in bytes.
#define DEK_SIZE 32
// The length of the storage authentication key in bytes.
#define SAK_SIZE 16
// The combined length of the data encryption key and the storage authentication
// key in bytes.
#define KEYS_SIZE (DEK_SIZE + SAK_SIZE)
// The length of the PIN verification code in bytes.
#define PVC_SIZE 8
// The length of the storage authentication tag in bytes.
#define STORAGE_TAG_SIZE 16
// The length of the Poly1305 authentication tag in bytes.
#define POLY1305_TAG_SIZE 16
// The length of the ChaCha20 IV (aka nonce) in bytes as per RFC 7539.
#define CHACHA20_IV_SIZE 12
// The length of the ChaCha20 block in bytes.
#define CHACHA20_BLOCK_SIZE 64
// The length of the wipe code in bytes.
#define WIPE_CODE_SIZE (sizeof(uint32_t))
// The byte length of the salt used in checking the wipe code.
#define WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE 8
// The byte length of the tag used in checking the wipe code.
#define WIPE_CODE_TAG_SIZE 8
// The total length of the WIPE_CODE_DATA_KEY entry.
#define WIPE_CODE_DATA_SIZE \
(WIPE_CODE_SIZE + WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE + WIPE_CODE_TAG_SIZE)
// The value corresponding to an unconfigured wipe code.
// NOTE: This is intentionally different from PIN_EMPTY so that we don't need
// special handling when both the PIN and wipe code are not set.
#define WIPE_CODE_EMPTY 0
// The length of the counter tail in words.
#define COUNTER_TAIL_WORDS 2
// Values used in the guard key integrity check.
#define GUARD_KEY_MODULUS 6311
#define GUARD_KEY_REMAINDER 15
const char *const VERIFYING_PIN_MSG = "Verifying PIN";
const char *const PROCESSING_MSG = "Processing";
const char *const STARTING_MSG = "Starting up";
static secbool initialized = secfalse;
static secbool unlocked = secfalse;
static PIN_UI_WAIT_CALLBACK ui_callback = NULL;
static uint32_t ui_total = 0;
static uint32_t ui_rem = 0;
static const char *ui_message = NULL;
static uint8_t cached_keys[KEYS_SIZE] = {0};
static uint8_t *const cached_dek = cached_keys;
static uint8_t *const cached_sak = cached_keys + DEK_SIZE;
static uint8_t authentication_sum[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
static uint8_t hardware_salt[HARDWARE_SALT_SIZE] = {0};
static uint32_t norcow_active_version = 0;
static const uint8_t TRUE_BYTE = 0x01;
static const uint8_t FALSE_BYTE = 0x00;
static const uint32_t TRUE_WORD = 0xC35A69A5;
static const uint32_t FALSE_WORD = 0x3CA5965A;
static void __handle_fault(const char *msg, const char *file, int line,
const char *func);
#define handle_fault(msg) (__handle_fault(msg, __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__))
static secbool storage_upgrade(void);
static secbool storage_set_encrypted(const uint16_t key, const void *val,
const uint16_t len);
static secbool storage_get_encrypted(const uint16_t key, void *val_dest,
const uint16_t max_len, uint16_t *len);
static secbool secequal(const void *ptr1, const void *ptr2, size_t n) {
const uint8_t *p1 = ptr1;
const uint8_t *p2 = ptr2;
uint8_t diff = 0;
size_t i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
diff |= *p1 ^ *p2;
++p1;
++p2;
}
// Check loop completion in case of a fault injection attack.
if (i != n) {
handle_fault("loop completion check");
}
return diff ? secfalse : sectrue;
}
static secbool secequal32(const void *ptr1, const void *ptr2, size_t n) {
assert(n % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);
assert((uintptr_t)ptr1 % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);
assert((uintptr_t)ptr2 % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);
size_t wn = n / sizeof(uint32_t);
const uint32_t *p1 = (const uint32_t *)ptr1;
const uint32_t *p2 = (const uint32_t *)ptr2;
uint32_t diff = 0;
size_t i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < wn; ++i) {
uint32_t mask = random32();
diff |= (*p1 + mask - *p2) ^ mask;
++p1;
++p2;
}
// Check loop completion in case of a fault injection attack.
if (i != wn) {
handle_fault("loop completion check");
}
return diff ? secfalse : sectrue;
}
static secbool is_protected(uint16_t key) {
const uint8_t app = key >> 8;
return ((app & FLAG_PUBLIC) == 0 && app != APP_STORAGE) ? sectrue : secfalse;
}
/*
* Initialize the storage authentication tag for freshly wiped storage.
*/
static secbool auth_init(void) {
uint8_t tag[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
memzero(authentication_sum, sizeof(authentication_sum));
hmac_sha256(cached_sak, SAK_SIZE, authentication_sum,
sizeof(authentication_sum), tag);
return norcow_set(STORAGE_TAG_KEY, tag, STORAGE_TAG_SIZE);
}
/*
* Update the storage authentication tag with the given key.
*/
static secbool auth_update(uint16_t key) {
if (sectrue != is_protected(key)) {
return sectrue;
}
uint8_t tag[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
hmac_sha256(cached_sak, SAK_SIZE, (uint8_t *)&key, sizeof(key), tag);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++) {
authentication_sum[i] ^= tag[i];
}
hmac_sha256(cached_sak, SAK_SIZE, authentication_sum,
sizeof(authentication_sum), tag);
return norcow_set(STORAGE_TAG_KEY, tag, STORAGE_TAG_SIZE);
}
/*
* A secure version of norcow_set(), which updates the storage authentication
* tag.
*/
static secbool auth_set(uint16_t key, const void *val, uint16_t len) {
secbool found = secfalse;
secbool ret = norcow_set_ex(key, val, len, &found);
if (sectrue == ret && secfalse == found) {
ret = auth_update(key);
if (sectrue != ret) {
norcow_delete(key);
}
}
return ret;
}
/*
* A secure version of norcow_get(), which checks the storage authentication
* tag.
*/
static secbool auth_get(uint16_t key, const void **val, uint16_t *len) {
*val = NULL;
*len = 0;
uint32_t sum[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t)] = {0};
// Prepare inner and outer digest.
uint32_t odig[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t)] = {0};
uint32_t idig[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t)] = {0};
hmac_sha256_prepare(cached_sak, SAK_SIZE, odig, idig);
// Prepare SHA-256 message padding.
uint32_t g[SHA256_BLOCK_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t)] = {0};
uint32_t h[SHA256_BLOCK_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t)] = {0};
g[15] = (SHA256_BLOCK_LENGTH + 2) * 8;
h[15] = (SHA256_BLOCK_LENGTH + SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH) * 8;
h[8] = 0x80000000;
uint32_t offset = 0;
uint16_t k = 0;
uint16_t l = 0;
uint16_t tag_len = 0;
uint16_t entry_count = 0; // Mitigation against fault injection.
uint16_t other_count = 0; // Mitigation against fault injection.
const void *v = NULL;
const void *tag_val = NULL;
while (sectrue == norcow_get_next(&offset, &k, &v, &l)) {
++entry_count;
if (k == key) {
*val = v;
*len = l;
} else {
++other_count;
}
if (sectrue != is_protected(k)) {
if (k == STORAGE_TAG_KEY) {
tag_val = v;
tag_len = l;
}
continue;
}
g[0] = (((uint32_t)k & 0xff) << 24) | (((uint32_t)k & 0xff00) << 8) |
0x8000; // Add SHA message padding.
sha256_Transform(idig, g, h);
sha256_Transform(odig, h, h);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t); i++) {
sum[i] ^= h[i];
}
}
memcpy(h, sum, sizeof(sum));
sha256_Transform(idig, h, h);
sha256_Transform(odig, h, h);
memzero(odig, sizeof(odig));
memzero(idig, sizeof(idig));
// Cache the authentication sum.
for (size_t i = 0; i < SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t); i++) {
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
REVERSE32(sum[i], ((uint32_t *)authentication_sum)[i]);
#else
((uint32_t *)authentication_sum)[i] = sum[i];
#endif
}
// Check loop completion in case of a fault injection attack.
if (secfalse != norcow_get_next(&offset, &k, &v, &l)) {
handle_fault("loop completion check");
}
// Check storage authentication tag.
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
for (size_t i = 0; i < SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH / sizeof(uint32_t); i++) {
REVERSE32(h[i], h[i]);
}
#endif
if (tag_val == NULL || tag_len != STORAGE_TAG_SIZE ||
sectrue != secequal(h, tag_val, STORAGE_TAG_SIZE)) {
handle_fault("storage tag check");
}
if (*val == NULL) {
// Check for fault injection.
if (other_count != entry_count) {
handle_fault("sanity check");
}
return secfalse;
}
return sectrue;
}
static secbool set_wipe_code(uint32_t wipe_code) {
if (wipe_code == PIN_EMPTY) {
// This is to avoid having to check pin != PIN_EMPTY when checking the wipe
// code.
wipe_code = WIPE_CODE_EMPTY;
}
// The format of the WIPE_CODE_DATA_KEY entry is:
// wipe code (4 bytes), random salt (16 bytes), authentication tag (16 bytes)
// NOTE: We allocate extra space for the HMAC computation.
uint8_t wipe_code_data[WIPE_CODE_SIZE + WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE +
SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
uint8_t *salt = wipe_code_data + WIPE_CODE_SIZE;
uint8_t *tag = wipe_code_data + WIPE_CODE_SIZE + WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE;
memcpy(wipe_code_data, &wipe_code, sizeof(wipe_code));
memzero(&wipe_code, sizeof(wipe_code));
random_buffer(salt, WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE);
hmac_sha256(salt, WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE, wipe_code_data, WIPE_CODE_SIZE, tag);
return norcow_set(WIPE_CODE_DATA_KEY, wipe_code_data, WIPE_CODE_DATA_SIZE);
}
static secbool is_not_wipe_code(uint32_t pin) {
uint8_t wipe_code[WIPE_CODE_SIZE] = {0};
uint8_t salt[WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE] = {0};
uint8_t stored_tag[WIPE_CODE_TAG_SIZE] = {0};
uint8_t computed_tag1[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
uint8_t computed_tag2[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
// Read the wipe code data from the storage.
const void *wipe_code_data = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (sectrue != norcow_get(WIPE_CODE_DATA_KEY, &wipe_code_data, &len) ||
len != WIPE_CODE_DATA_SIZE) {
handle_fault("no wipe code");
return secfalse;
}
memcpy(wipe_code, wipe_code_data, sizeof(wipe_code));
memcpy(salt, (uint8_t *)wipe_code_data + WIPE_CODE_SIZE, sizeof(salt));
memcpy(stored_tag,
(uint8_t *)wipe_code_data + WIPE_CODE_SIZE + WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE,
sizeof(stored_tag));
// Check integrity in case of flash read manipulation attack.
hmac_sha256(salt, WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE, wipe_code, sizeof(wipe_code),
computed_tag1);
memzero(wipe_code, sizeof(wipe_code));
if (sectrue != secequal(stored_tag, computed_tag1, sizeof(stored_tag))) {
handle_fault("wipe code tag");
return secfalse;
}
// Prepare the authentication tag of the entered PIN.
wait_random();
hmac_sha256(salt, WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE, (const uint8_t *)&pin, WIPE_CODE_SIZE,
computed_tag1);
// Recompute to check for fault injection attack.
wait_random();
hmac_sha256(salt, WIPE_CODE_SALT_SIZE, (const uint8_t *)&pin, WIPE_CODE_SIZE,
computed_tag2);
memzero(salt, sizeof(salt));
if (sectrue !=
secequal(computed_tag1, computed_tag2, sizeof(computed_tag1))) {
handle_fault("wipe code fault");
return secfalse;
}
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
// Compare wipe code with the entered PIN via the authentication tag.
wait_random();
if (secfalse != secequal(stored_tag, computed_tag1, sizeof(stored_tag))) {
return secfalse;
}
memzero(stored_tag, sizeof(stored_tag));
return sectrue;
}
static void derive_kek(uint32_t pin, const uint8_t *random_salt,
const uint8_t *ext_salt,
uint8_t kek[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH],
uint8_t keiv[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH]) {
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
REVERSE32(pin, pin);
#endif
uint8_t salt[HARDWARE_SALT_SIZE + RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + EXTERNAL_SALT_SIZE] = {
0};
size_t salt_len = 0;
memcpy(salt + salt_len, hardware_salt, HARDWARE_SALT_SIZE);
salt_len += HARDWARE_SALT_SIZE;
memcpy(salt + salt_len, random_salt, RANDOM_SALT_SIZE);
salt_len += RANDOM_SALT_SIZE;
if (ext_salt != NULL) {
memcpy(salt + salt_len, ext_salt, EXTERNAL_SALT_SIZE);
salt_len += EXTERNAL_SALT_SIZE;
}
uint32_t progress = (ui_total - ui_rem) * 1000 / ui_total;
if (ui_callback && ui_message) {
ui_callback(ui_rem, progress, ui_message);
}
PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA256_CTX ctx = {0};
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Init(&ctx, (const uint8_t *)&pin, sizeof(pin), salt,
salt_len, 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Update(&ctx, PIN_ITER_COUNT / 10);
if (ui_callback && ui_message) {
progress =
((ui_total - ui_rem) * 1000 + i * DERIVE_SECS * 100) / ui_total;
ui_callback(ui_rem - i * DERIVE_SECS / 10, progress, ui_message);
}
}
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Final(&ctx, kek);
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Init(&ctx, (const uint8_t *)&pin, sizeof(pin), salt,
salt_len, 2);
for (int i = 6; i <= 10; i++) {
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Update(&ctx, PIN_ITER_COUNT / 10);
if (ui_callback && ui_message) {
progress =
((ui_total - ui_rem) * 1000 + i * DERIVE_SECS * 100) / ui_total;
ui_callback(ui_rem - i * DERIVE_SECS / 10, progress, ui_message);
}
}
pbkdf2_hmac_sha256_Final(&ctx, keiv);
ui_rem -= DERIVE_SECS;
memzero(&ctx, sizeof(PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA256_CTX));
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
memzero(&salt, sizeof(salt));
}
static secbool set_pin(uint32_t pin, const uint8_t *ext_salt) {
// Fail if the PIN is the same as the wipe code. Ignore during upgrade.
if (norcow_active_version != 0 && sectrue != is_not_wipe_code(pin)) {
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
return secfalse;
}
// Encrypt the cached keys using the new PIN and set the new PVC.
uint8_t buffer[RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE + POLY1305_TAG_SIZE] = {0};
uint8_t *rand_salt = buffer;
uint8_t *ekeys = buffer + RANDOM_SALT_SIZE;
uint8_t *pvc = buffer + RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE;
uint8_t kek[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
uint8_t keiv[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH] = {0};
chacha20poly1305_ctx ctx = {0};
random_buffer(rand_salt, RANDOM_SALT_SIZE);
derive_kek(pin, rand_salt, ext_salt, kek, keiv);
rfc7539_init(&ctx, kek, keiv);
memzero(kek, sizeof(kek));
memzero(keiv, sizeof(keiv));
chacha20poly1305_encrypt(&ctx, cached_keys, ekeys, KEYS_SIZE);
rfc7539_finish(&ctx, 0, KEYS_SIZE, pvc);
memzero(&ctx, sizeof(ctx));
secbool ret =
norcow_set(EDEK_PVC_KEY, buffer, RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE + PVC_SIZE);
memzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (ret == sectrue) {
if (pin == PIN_EMPTY) {
ret = norcow_set(PIN_NOT_SET_KEY, &TRUE_BYTE, sizeof(TRUE_BYTE));
} else {
ret = norcow_set(PIN_NOT_SET_KEY, &FALSE_BYTE, sizeof(FALSE_BYTE));
}
}
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
return ret;
}
static secbool check_guard_key(const uint32_t guard_key) {
if (guard_key % GUARD_KEY_MODULUS != GUARD_KEY_REMAINDER) {
return secfalse;
}
// Check that each byte of (guard_key & 0xAAAAAAAA) has exactly two bits set.
uint32_t count = (guard_key & 0x22222222) + ((guard_key >> 2) & 0x22222222);
count = count + (count >> 4);
if ((count & 0x0e0e0e0e) != 0x04040404) {
return secfalse;
}
// Check that the guard_key does not contain a run of 5 (or more) zeros or
// ones.
uint32_t zero_runs = ~guard_key;
zero_runs = zero_runs & (zero_runs >> 2);
zero_runs = zero_runs & (zero_runs >> 1);
zero_runs = zero_runs & (zero_runs >> 1);
uint32_t one_runs = guard_key;
one_runs = one_runs & (one_runs >> 2);
one_runs = one_runs & (one_runs >> 1);
one_runs = one_runs & (one_runs >> 1);
if ((one_runs != 0) || (zero_runs != 0)) {
return secfalse;
}
return sectrue;
}
static uint32_t generate_guard_key(void) {
uint32_t guard_key = 0;
do {
guard_key = random_uniform((UINT32_MAX / GUARD_KEY_MODULUS) + 1) *
GUARD_KEY_MODULUS +
GUARD_KEY_REMAINDER;
} while (sectrue != check_guard_key(guard_key));
return guard_key;
}
static secbool expand_guard_key(const uint32_t guard_key, uint32_t *guard_mask,
uint32_t *guard) {
if (sectrue != check_guard_key(guard_key)) {
handle_fault("guard key check");
return secfalse;
}
*guard_mask = ((guard_key & LOW_MASK) << 1) | ((~guard_key) & LOW_MASK);
*guard = (((guard_key & LOW_MASK) << 1) & guard_key) |
(((~guard_key) & LOW_MASK) & (guard_key >> 1));
return sectrue;
}
static secbool pin_logs_init(uint32_t fails) {
if (fails >= PIN_MAX_TRIES) {
return secfalse;
}
// The format of the PIN_LOGS_KEY entry is:
// guard_key (1 word), pin_success_log (PIN_LOG_WORDS), pin_entry_log
// (PIN_LOG_WORDS)
uint32_t logs[GUARD_KEY_WORDS + 2 * PIN_LOG_WORDS] = {0};
logs[0] = generate_guard_key();
uint32_t guard_mask = 0;
uint32_t guard = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue != expand_guard_key(logs[0], &guard_mask, &guard)) {
return secfalse;
}
uint32_t unused = guard | ~guard_mask;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * PIN_LOG_WORDS; ++i) {
logs[GUARD_KEY_WORDS + i] = unused;
}
// Set the first word of the PIN entry log to indicate the requested number of
// fails.
logs[GUARD_KEY_WORDS + PIN_LOG_WORDS] =
((((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFF) >> (2 * fails)) & ~guard_mask) | guard;
return norcow_set(PIN_LOGS_KEY, logs, sizeof(logs));
}
/*
* Initializes the values of VERSION_KEY, EDEK_PVC_KEY, PIN_NOT_SET_KEY and
* PIN_LOGS_KEY using an empty PIN. This function should be called to initialize
* freshly wiped storage.
*/
static void init_wiped_storage(void) {
if (sectrue != initialized) {
// We cannot initialize the storage contents if the hardware_salt is not
// set.
return;
}
random_buffer(cached_keys, sizeof(cached_keys));
unlocked = sectrue;
uint32_t version = NORCOW_VERSION;
ensure(auth_init(), "set_storage_auth_tag failed");
ensure(storage_set_encrypted(VERSION_KEY, &version, sizeof(version)),
"set_storage_version failed");
ensure(norcow_set(STORAGE_UPGRADED_KEY, &FALSE_WORD, sizeof(FALSE_WORD)),
"set_storage_not_upgraded failed");
ensure(pin_logs_init(0), "init_pin_logs failed");
ensure(set_wipe_code(WIPE_CODE_EMPTY), "set_wipe_code failed");
ui_total = DERIVE_SECS;
ui_rem = ui_total;
ui_message = PROCESSING_MSG;
ensure(set_pin(PIN_EMPTY, NULL), "init_pin failed");
}
void storage_init(PIN_UI_WAIT_CALLBACK callback, const uint8_t *salt,
const uint16_t salt_len) {
initialized = secfalse;
unlocked = secfalse;
norcow_init(&norcow_active_version);
initialized = sectrue;
ui_callback = callback;
sha256_Raw(salt, salt_len, hardware_salt);
if (norcow_active_version < NORCOW_VERSION) {
if (sectrue != storage_upgrade()) {
storage_wipe();
ensure(secfalse, "storage_upgrade failed");
}
}
// If there is no EDEK, then generate a random DEK and SAK and store them.
const void *val = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (secfalse == norcow_get(EDEK_PVC_KEY, &val, &len)) {
init_wiped_storage();
storage_lock();
}
memzero(cached_keys, sizeof(cached_keys));
}
static secbool pin_fails_reset(void) {
const void *logs = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (sectrue != norcow_get(PIN_LOGS_KEY, &logs, &len) ||
len != WORD_SIZE * (GUARD_KEY_WORDS + 2 * PIN_LOG_WORDS)) {
return secfalse;
}
uint32_t guard_mask = 0;
uint32_t guard = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue !=
expand_guard_key(*(const uint32_t *)logs, &guard_mask, &guard)) {
return secfalse;
}
uint32_t unused = guard | ~guard_mask;
const uint32_t *success_log = ((const uint32_t *)logs) + GUARD_KEY_WORDS;
const uint32_t *entry_log = success_log + PIN_LOG_WORDS;
for (size_t i = 0; i < PIN_LOG_WORDS; ++i) {
if (entry_log[i] == unused) {
return sectrue;
}
if (success_log[i] != guard) {
if (sectrue != norcow_update_word(
PIN_LOGS_KEY, sizeof(uint32_t) * (i + GUARD_KEY_WORDS),
entry_log[i])) {
return secfalse;
}
}
}
return pin_logs_init(0);
}
secbool storage_pin_fails_increase(void) {
if (sectrue != initialized) {
return secfalse;
}
const void *logs = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue != norcow_get(PIN_LOGS_KEY, &logs, &len) ||
len != WORD_SIZE * (GUARD_KEY_WORDS + 2 * PIN_LOG_WORDS)) {
handle_fault("no PIN logs");
return secfalse;
}
uint32_t guard_mask = 0;
uint32_t guard = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue !=
expand_guard_key(*(const uint32_t *)logs, &guard_mask, &guard)) {
handle_fault("guard key expansion");
return secfalse;
}
const uint32_t *entry_log =
((const uint32_t *)logs) + GUARD_KEY_WORDS + PIN_LOG_WORDS;
for (size_t i = 0; i < PIN_LOG_WORDS; ++i) {
wait_random();
if ((entry_log[i] & guard_mask) != guard) {
handle_fault("guard bits check");
return secfalse;
}
if (entry_log[i] != guard) {
wait_random();
uint32_t word = entry_log[i] & ~guard_mask;
word = ((word >> 1) | word) & LOW_MASK;
word = (word >> 2) | (word >> 1);
wait_random();
if (sectrue !=
norcow_update_word(
PIN_LOGS_KEY,
sizeof(uint32_t) * (i + GUARD_KEY_WORDS + PIN_LOG_WORDS),
(word & ~guard_mask) | guard)) {
handle_fault("PIN logs update");
return secfalse;
}
return sectrue;
}
}
handle_fault("PIN log exhausted");
return secfalse;
}
static uint32_t hamming_weight(uint32_t value) {
value = value - ((value >> 1) & 0x55555555);
value = (value & 0x33333333) + ((value >> 2) & 0x33333333);
value = (value + (value >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
value = value + (value >> 8);
value = value + (value >> 16);
return value & 0x3F;
}
static secbool pin_get_fails(uint32_t *ctr) {
*ctr = PIN_MAX_TRIES;
const void *logs = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue != norcow_get(PIN_LOGS_KEY, &logs, &len) ||
len != WORD_SIZE * (GUARD_KEY_WORDS + 2 * PIN_LOG_WORDS)) {
handle_fault("no PIN logs");
return secfalse;
}
uint32_t guard_mask = 0;
uint32_t guard = 0;
wait_random();
if (sectrue !=
expand_guard_key(*(const uint32_t *)logs, &guard_mask, &guard)) {
handle_fault("guard key expansion");
return secfalse;
}
const uint32_t unused = guard | ~guard_mask;
const uint32_t *success_log = ((const uint32_t *)logs) + GUARD_KEY_WORDS;
const uint32_t *entry_log = success_log + PIN_LOG_WORDS;
volatile int current = -1;
volatile size_t i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < PIN_LOG_WORDS; ++i) {
if ((entry_log[i] & guard_mask) != guard ||
(success_log[i] & guard_mask) != guard ||
(entry_log[i] & success_log[i]) != entry_log[i]) {
handle_fault("PIN logs format check");
return secfalse;
}
if (current == -1) {
if (entry_log[i] != guard) {
current = i;
}
} else {
if (entry_log[i] != unused) {
handle_fault("PIN entry log format check");
return secfalse;
}
}
}
if (current < 0 || current >= PIN_LOG_WORDS || i != PIN_LOG_WORDS) {
handle_fault("PIN log exhausted");
return secfalse;
}
// Strip the guard bits from the current entry word and duplicate each data
// bit.
wait_random();
uint32_t word = entry_log[current] & ~guard_mask;
word = ((word >> 1) | word) & LOW_MASK;
word = word | (word << 1);
// Verify that the entry word has form 0*1*.
if ((word & (word + 1)) != 0) {
handle_fault("PIN entry log format check");
return secfalse;
}
if (current == 0) {
++current;
}
// Count the number of set bits in the two current words of the success log.
wait_random();
*ctr = hamming_weight(success_log[current - 1] ^ entry_log[current - 1]) +
hamming_weight(success_log[current] ^ entry_log[current]);
return sectrue;
}
secbool storage_is_unlocked(void) {
if (sectrue != initialized) {
return secfalse;
}
return unlocked;
}
void storage_lock(void) {
unlocked = secfalse;
memzero(cached_keys, sizeof(cached_keys));
memzero(authentication_sum, sizeof(authentication_sum));
}
secbool check_storage_version(void) {
uint32_t version = 0;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (sectrue !=
storage_get_encrypted(VERSION_KEY, &version, sizeof(version), &len) ||
len != sizeof(version)) {
handle_fault("storage version check");
return secfalse;
}
const void *storage_upgraded = NULL;
if (sectrue != norcow_get(STORAGE_UPGRADED_KEY, &storage_upgraded, &len) ||
len != sizeof(TRUE_WORD)) {
handle_fault("storage version check");
return secfalse;
}
if (version > norcow_active_version) {
// Attack: Storage was downgraded.
storage_wipe();
handle_fault("storage version check");
return secfalse;
} else if (version < norcow_active_version) {
// Storage was upgraded.
if (*(const uint32_t *)storage_upgraded != TRUE_WORD) {
// Attack: The upgrade process was bypassed.
storage_wipe();
handle_fault("storage version check");
return secfalse;
}
norcow_set(STORAGE_UPGRADED_KEY, &FALSE_WORD, sizeof(FALSE_WORD));
storage_set_encrypted(VERSION_KEY, &norcow_active_version,
sizeof(norcow_active_version));
} else {
// Standard operation. The storage was neither upgraded nor downgraded.
if (*(const uint32_t *)storage_upgraded != FALSE_WORD) {
// Attack: The upgrade process was launched when it shouldn't have been.
storage_wipe();
handle_fault("storage version check");
return secfalse;
}
}
return sectrue;
}
static secbool decrypt_dek(const uint8_t *kek, const uint8_t *keiv) {
const void *buffer = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (sectrue != initialized ||
sectrue != norcow_get(EDEK_PVC_KEY, &buffer, &len) ||
len != RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE + PVC_SIZE) {
handle_fault("no EDEK");
return secfalse;
}
const uint8_t *ekeys = (const uint8_t *)buffer + RANDOM_SALT_SIZE;
const uint32_t *pvc = (const uint32_t *)buffer +
(RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE) / sizeof(uint32_t);
_Static_assert(((RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE) & 3) == 0, "PVC unaligned");
_Static_assert((PVC_SIZE & 3) == 0, "PVC size unaligned");
uint8_t keys[KEYS_SIZE] = {0};
uint8_t tag[POLY1305_TAG_SIZE] __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(uint32_t))));
chacha20poly1305_ctx ctx = {0};
// Decrypt the data encryption key and the storage authentication key and
// check the PIN verification code.
rfc7539_init(&ctx, kek, keiv);
chacha20poly1305_decrypt(&ctx, ekeys, keys, KEYS_SIZE);
rfc7539_finish(&ctx, 0, KEYS_SIZE, tag);
memzero(&ctx, sizeof(ctx));
wait_random();
if (secequal32(tag, pvc, PVC_SIZE) != sectrue) {
memzero(keys, sizeof(keys));
memzero(tag, sizeof(tag));
return secfalse;
}
memcpy(cached_keys, keys, sizeof(keys));
memzero(keys, sizeof(keys));
memzero(tag, sizeof(tag));
// Check that the authenticated version number matches the norcow version.
// NOTE: This also initializes the authentication_sum by calling
// storage_get_encrypted() which calls auth_get().
return check_storage_version();
}
static secbool unlock(uint32_t pin, const uint8_t *ext_salt) {
if (sectrue != initialized || pin == PIN_INVALID) {
return secfalse;
}
storage_ensure_not_wipe_code(pin);
// Get the pin failure counter
uint32_t ctr = 0;
if (sectrue != pin_get_fails(&ctr)) {
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
return secfalse;
}
// Wipe storage if too many failures
wait_random();
if (ctr >= PIN_MAX_TRIES) {
storage_wipe();
error_shutdown("Too many wrong PIN", "attempts. Storage has", "been wiped.",
NULL);
return secfalse;
}
// Sleep for 2^ctr - 1 seconds before checking the PIN.
uint32_t wait = (1 << ctr) - 1;
ui_total += wait;
uint32_t progress = 0;
for (ui_rem = ui_total; ui_rem > ui_total - wait; ui_rem--) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (ui_callback && ui_message) {
if (ui_total > 1000000) { // precise enough
progress = (ui_total - ui_rem) / (ui_total / 1000);
} else {
progress = ((ui_total - ui_rem) * 10 + i) * 100 / ui_total;
}
if (sectrue == ui_callback(ui_rem, progress, ui_message)) {
return secfalse;
}
}
hal_delay(100);
}
}
// Read the random salt from EDEK_PVC_KEY and use it to derive the KEK and
// KEIV from the PIN.
const void *rand_salt = NULL;
uint16_t len = 0;
if (sectrue != initialized ||
sectrue != norcow_get(EDEK_PVC_KEY, &rand_salt, &len) ||
len != RANDOM_SALT_SIZE + KEYS_SIZE + PVC_SIZE) {
memzero(&pin, sizeof(pin));
handle_fault("no EDEK");
return secfalse;