diff --git a/dev/dev_setup.sh b/dev/dev_setup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..db072cc2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/dev_setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# cryptol setup script
+#
+# Supported distribution(s):
+#  * macOS 14 (AArch64)
+#  * Ubuntu 20.04 (x86_64)
+#  * Ubuntu 22.04 (x86_64)
+#
+# This script installs everything needed to get a working development
+# environment for cryptol. Any new environment requirements should be
+# added to this script. This script is not interactive but it may define
+# some environment variables that need to be loaded after it runs.
+# For a list of the setup operations performed by this script, see the
+# "Main Operations" section near the end of this file.
+# Assumptions:
+# - In Ubuntu, we assume that the system has already run `apt-get update`
+# - In macOS, we assume the system has `brew` installed and on the path
+#
+# There is some half-baked support for macOS 12 (x86_64),
+# but it hasn't been tested.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+HERE=$(cd `dirname $0`; pwd)
+LOG=$HERE/dev_setup.log
+truncate -s 0 $LOG
+ROOT=$HERE
+
+# Create a new, empty file for environment variables
+VAR_FILE=$ROOT/env.sh
+truncate -s 0 $VAR_FILE
+echo "# Generated environment variables. Manual changes will get clobbered by dev_setup.sh" >> $VAR_FILE
+
+GHCUP_URL="https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghcup"
+GHC_VERSION="9.4.8"
+CABAL_VERSION="3.10.3.0"
+
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_SNAPSHOT="snapshot-20240212"
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_URL="https://github.com/GaloisInc/what4-solvers/releases/download/$WHAT4_SOLVERS_SNAPSHOT"
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_12="macos-12-X64-bin.zip"
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_14="macos-14-ARM64-bin.zip"
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_UBUNTU_20="ubuntu-20.04-X64-bin.zip"
+WHAT4_SOLVERS_UBUNTU_22="ubuntu-22.04-X64-bin.zip"
+WHAT4_CVC4_VERSION="version 1.8"
+WHAT4_CVC5_VERSION="version 1.1.1"
+WHAT4_Z3_VERSION="version 4.8.14"
+
+# Set of supported platforms:
+MACOS14="macos14"
+MACOS12="macos12" # actually, this isn't supported yet
+UBUNTU20="ubuntu-20.04"
+UBUNTU22="ubuntu-22.04"
+
+USED_BREW=false
+
+# Returns a string indicating the platform (from the set above), or empty if
+# a supported platform is not detected.
+supported_platform() {
+    case $(uname -s) in
+        Darwin)
+            if [ $(uname -m) = "arm64" ]; then
+                echo $MACOS14
+            # This is how we'd support macOS 12. Since this hasn't been tested yet,
+            # we withhold official support.
+            # This might bork on something running macOS <12, since we're basing
+            # the it on the hardware, not the specific version.
+            elif [ $(uname -m) = "x86_64" ]; then
+                echo ""
+            fi;;
+        Linux)
+            # If there's no apt-get, then this isn't running Ubuntu
+            if ! is_installed apt-get; then
+                echo ""
+            else
+                # Install lsb-release if not available to determine version
+                if ! is_installed lsb_release; then
+                    logged apt-get install -y lsb-release
+                fi
+                version_file=$(mktemp)
+                lsb_release -d > $version_file
+                if $(grep -q "Ubuntu 20.04" $version_file); then
+                    echo $UBUNTU20
+                elif $(grep -q "Ubuntu 22.04" $version_file); then
+                    echo $UBUNTU22
+                else
+                    echo ""
+                fi
+                rm $version_file
+            fi;;
+        *) echo ""
+    esac
+}
+
+notice() {
+    echo "[NOTICE] $*"
+}
+unreachable() {
+    RED="\033[0;31m"
+    echo "${RED}[ERROR] $*"
+}
+
+is_installed() {
+    command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+# Requires: LOG set to log file path.
+logged() {
+    if ! [ -z "$LOG" ]
+    then
+        # This may or may not be the same directory that this script lives in.
+        mkdir -p `dirname $LOG`
+        echo "$@" >>$LOG
+        if ! "$@" >>$LOG 2>&1
+        then
+            echo
+            tail -n 50 $LOG
+            echo
+            echo "[ERROR] An error occurred; please see $LOG"
+            echo "[ERROR] The last 50 lines are printed above for convenience"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+update_submodules() {
+    cd $ROOT
+    if ! is_installed git; then
+        notice "Installing git"
+        case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+            $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22) logged apt-get install -y git;;
+            $MACOS12 | $MACOS14) logged brew install git && USED_BREW=true;;
+            *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install git"; return;;
+        esac
+    fi
+    notice "Updating submodules"
+    logged git submodule update --init
+}
+
+install_ghcup() {
+    if ! is_installed ghcup; then
+        # Manually install Haskell toolchain. If this doesn't work, try
+        # using the install script at https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/
+        case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+            $MACOS12 | $MACOS14)
+                notice "Installing GHCup via Homebrew"
+                logged brew install ghcup && USED_BREW=true;;
+            $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22)
+                notice "Installing any missing GHCup dependencies via apt-get"
+                logged apt-get install -y build-essential curl libffi-dev libffi7 libgmp-dev libgmp10 libncurses-dev libncurses5 libtinfo5
+
+                notice "Installing GHCup via direct download"
+                logged curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSfL -o ghcup "$GHCUP_URL/$(uname -m)-linux-ghcup"
+
+                chmod u+x ghcup
+                mv ghcup /usr/local/bin/;;
+            *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install GHCup"; return;;
+        esac
+    else
+        notice "Using existing GHCup installation"
+    fi
+
+    notice "Installing ghc and cabal via GHCup, if they're not already installed"
+    notice "Also, setting the default version to ghc $GHC_VERSION"
+    logged ghcup install ghc $GHC_VERSION
+    logged ghcup set ghc $GHC_VERSION
+    logged ghcup install cabal $CABAL_VERSION
+    logged ~/.ghcup/bin/cabal-$CABAL_VERSION update
+
+    if ! is_installed ghc || ! is_installed cabal; then
+        echo "export PATH=$PATH:~/.ghcup/bin" >> $VAR_FILE
+    fi
+
+}
+
+install_gmp() {
+    case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+        $MACOS12 | $MACOS14)
+            notice "Installing GMP via Homebrew, if it's not already installed"
+            logged brew install gmp && USED_BREW=true;;
+        $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22)
+            notice "Installing GMP via apt-get, if it's not already installed"
+            logged apt-get install -y libgmp-dev libgmp10;;
+        *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install GMP";;
+    esac
+}
+
+install_zlib() {
+    case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+        $MACOS12 | $MACOS14)
+            notice "Installing zlib via Homebrew, if it's not already installed"
+            logged brew install zlib && USED_BREW=true;;
+        $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22)
+            notice "Installing zlib via apt-get, if it's not already installed"
+            logged apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev;;
+        *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install zlib";;
+    esac
+
+}
+
+# Installs the solvers required to run the test suite for the repo.
+# Users may want to install other solvers, and indeed the what4 solvers repo
+# includes a half dozen other packages that are compatible with cryptol.
+install_solvers() {
+    # Install solvers using the cryptol-approved set of binaries
+    if ! is_installed cvc4 || ! is_installed cvc5 || ! is_installed z3; then
+        notice "Installing cvc4, cvc5, and/or z3 solvers via direct download"
+
+        case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+            $MACOS12) solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_12;;
+            $MACOS14) solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_14;;
+            $UBUNTU20) solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_UBUNTU_20;;
+            $UBUNTU22) solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_UBUNTU_22;;
+            *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install solvers"; return;;
+        esac
+
+        solvers_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+        logged curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSfL -o "$solvers_dir/solvers.bin.zip" "$WHAT4_SOLVERS_URL/$solvers_version"
+        cd $solvers_dir
+
+        if ! is_installed unzip; then
+            case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+                $MACOS12 | $MACOS14)
+                    notice "Installing unzip via Homebrew"
+                    logged brew install unzip && USED_BREW=true;;
+                $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22)
+                    notice "Installing unzip via apt-get"
+                    logged apt-get install -y unzip;;
+                *) unreachable "Unsupported platform; did not install unzip"; return;;
+            esac
+        fi
+        logged unzip solvers.bin.zip
+
+        # If we want to install more solvers by default, we can do so here
+        for solver in cvc4 cvc5 z3; do
+            if ! is_installed $solver ; then
+                notice "Installing $solver"
+                chmod u+x $solver
+                # Try installing without sudo first, because some environments
+                # don't have it installed by default
+                mv $solver /usr/local/bin || sudo mv $solver /usr/local/bin
+            fi
+        done
+
+        cd $HERE
+        rm -r $solvers_dir
+    else
+        notice "Not installing cvc4, cvc5, or z3 solvers because they already exist"
+    fi
+
+    # Make sure the installed versions are the versions that have been tested
+    check_version cvc4 $WHAT4_CVC4_VERSION
+    check_version cvc5 $WHAT4_CVC5_VERSION
+    check_version z3 $WHAT4_Z3_VERSION
+}
+
+# Checks the version of the given command
+# Usage: check_version <command> <expected version>
+#
+# Assumes that the command can be called with `--version`
+check_version() {
+    cmd="$1"
+    expected="$@"
+    version_file=$(mktemp)
+    $cmd --version > $version_file
+    if ! (grep -iq "$expected" $version_file); then
+        actual_version=$(grep -i -m 1 "version" $version_file)
+        notice "Your version of $cmd is unexpected; expected $expected"
+        notice "    Got: $actual_version"
+        notice "    To ensure compatibility, you might want to uninstall the "\
+            "existing version and re-run this script."
+    fi
+    rm $version_file
+}
+
+# Ensure that, if we used brew to install any libraries / headers, they will
+# be available on the user's path. This is particularly needed for GMP.
+put_brew_packages_in_path() {
+    if $USED_BREW; then
+        # `brew --prefix` is different on macOS 12 and macOS 14
+        echo "export CPATH=$(brew --prefix)/include" >> $VAR_FILE
+        echo "export LIBRARY_PATH=$(brew --prefix)/lib" >> $VAR_FILE
+    fi
+}
+
+set_ubuntu_language_encoding() {
+    case $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM in
+        $UBUNTU20 | $UBUNTU22)
+            if $LANG != *"UTF-8"* || $LANG != *"utf-8"*; then
+                notice "Language environment variables are not set as expected."
+                notice "    You may need to set them to UTF-8."
+                notice "    Uncomment the LANG var in $VAR_FILE before sourcing to do so"
+                echo "# uncomment the following line to fix decoding errors e.g. hGetContents" >> $VAR_FILE
+                echo "# export LANG=C.UTF-8" >> $VAR_FILE
+            fi;;
+        *) return;;
+    esac
+}
+
+
+# Main Operations
+
+# Make sure script is running on a supported platform
+notice "Checking whether platform is supported"
+CRYPTOL_PLATFORM=$(supported_platform)
+if [ -z "$CRYPTOL_PLATFORM" ]; then
+    echo "Unsupported platform; this script supports Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 22.04, and macOS 14"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+update_submodules
+install_ghcup
+install_gmp
+install_zlib
+install_solvers
+put_brew_packages_in_path
+set_ubuntu_language_encoding
+
+notice "You may need to source new environment variables added here:\n" \
+    "\$ source $VAR_FILE"
diff --git a/dev/ubuntu20.04.Dockerfile b/dev/ubuntu20.04.Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1345eda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ubuntu20.04.Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#
+# Note: If building this container from a machine running non-X86 hardware
+# (like Apple M1 / M2 chips), you'll need to build and run the container
+# specifying the platform e.g.
+# $ docker build --platform linux/amd64 ubuntu20.04.Dockerfile
+#
+FROM ubuntu:20.04
+WORKDIR /home/
+
+RUN apt-get -y upgrade \
+    && apt-get -y update \
+    && apt-get install -y \
+        build-essential \
+        git
+RUN ["git", "clone", "https://github.com/GaloisInc/cryptol.git"]
+
+WORKDIR /home/cryptol
+RUN ["dev/dev_setup.sh"]
+
+# Hardcode the environment variables we're going to need
+ENV LANG="C.UTF-8" LC_ALL="C.UTF-8" PATH=$PATH:/root/.ghcup/bin
+
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
diff --git a/dev/ubuntu22.04.Dockerfile b/dev/ubuntu22.04.Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f62bbdc86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ubuntu22.04.Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#
+# Note: If building this container from a machine running non-X86 hardware
+# (like Apple M1 / M2 chips), you'll need to build and run the container
+# specifying the platform e.g.
+# $ docker build --platform linux/amd64 ubuntu22.04.Dockerfile
+#
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+WORKDIR /home/
+
+RUN apt-get -y upgrade \
+    && apt-get -y update \
+    && apt-get install -y \
+        build-essential \
+        git
+RUN ["git", "clone", "https://github.com/GaloisInc/cryptol.git"]
+
+WORKDIR /home/cryptol
+RUN ["dev/dev_setup.sh"]
+
+# Hardcode the environment variables we're going to need
+ENV LANG="C.UTF-8" LC_ALL="C.UTF-8" PATH=$PATH:/root/.ghcup/bin
+
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
diff --git a/dev_setup.sh b/dev_setup.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 45a0a7f01..000000000
--- a/dev_setup.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# cryptol setup script
-#
-# Supported distribution(s):
-#  * macOS 14 (AArch64)
-#
-# This script installs everything needed to get a working development
-# environment for cryptol. Any new environment requirements should be
-# added to this script. This script is not interactive but it may define
-# some environment variables that need to be loaded after it runs.
-#
-# There is some half-baked support for macOS 12 (x86_64), but it hasn't been
-# tested.
-#
-
-set -e
-
-HERE=$(cd `dirname $0`; pwd)
-LOG=$HERE/dev_setup.log
-ROOT=$HERE
-
-# Create a new, empty file for environment variables
-VAR_FILE=$ROOT/env.sh
-truncate -s 0 $VAR_FILE
-echo "# Generated environment variables. Manual changes will get clobbered by dev_setup.sh" >> $VAR_FILE
-
-GHC_VERSION="9.4.8"
-CABAL_VERSION="3.10.3.0"
-
-WHAT4_SOLVERS_SNAPSHOT="snapshot-20240212"
-WHAT4_SOLVERS_URL="https://github.com/GaloisInc/what4-solvers/releases/download/$WHAT4_SOLVERS_SNAPSHOT/"
-WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_12="macos-12-X64-bin.zip"
-WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_14="macos-14-ARM64-bin.zip"
-WHAT4_CVC4_VERSION="version 1.8"
-WHAT4_CVC5_VERSION="version 1.1.1"
-
-# Set of supported platforms:
-MACOS14="macos14"
-MACOS12="macos12" # actually, this isn't supported yet
-
-USED_BREW=false
-
-# Returns a string indicating the platform (from the set above), or empty if
-# a supported platform is not detected.
-function supported_platform {
-    # Make sure we're running on a supported platform
-    case $(uname -s) in
-        Darwin)
-            if [ $(uname -m) = "arm64" ]; then
-                echo $MACOS14
-            # This is how we'd support macOS 12. Since this hasn't been tested yet,
-            # we withhold official support.
-            # This might bork on something running macOS <12, since we're basing
-            # the it on the hardware, not the specific version.
-            elif [ $(uname -m) = "x86_64" ]; then
-                echo ""
-            fi;;
-        *) echo ""
-    esac
-}
-
-RED="\033[0;31m"
-function notice {
-    echo "[NOTICE] $*"
-}
-
-function is_installed {
-    command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
-}
-
-# Requires: LOG set to log file path.
-function logged {
-    if ! [ -z "$LOG" ]
-    then
-        # This may or may not be the same directory that this script lives in.
-        mkdir -p `dirname $LOG`
-        echo "$@" >>$LOG
-        if ! "$@" >>$LOG 2>&1
-        then
-            echo
-            tail -n 50 $LOG
-            echo
-            echo "[ERROR] An error occurred; please see $LOG"
-            echo "[ERROR] The last 50 lines are printed above for convenience"
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    fi
-}
-
-function update_submodules {
-    cd $ROOT
-    notice "Updating submodules"
-    logged git submodule update --init
-}
-
-function install_ghcup {
-    if ! is_installed ghcup; then
-        notice "Installing GHCup via Homebrew"
-        # Manually install Haskel toolchain. If this doesn't work, try
-        # using the install script at https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/
-        if [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS12 ] || [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS14 ]; then
-            logged brew install ghcup
-            USED_BREW=true
-        else
-            notice "Did not install GHCup. This script only supports macOS 14"
-        fi
-    else
-        notice "Using existing GHCup installation"
-    fi
-
-    notice "Installing ghc and cabal via GHCup"
-    logged ghcup install ghc $GHC_VERSION
-    logged ghcup install cabal $CABAL_VERSION
-    logged ~/.ghcup/bin/cabal-$CABAL_VERSION update
-
-    if ! is_installed ghc || ! is_installed cabal; then
-        echo "export PATH=$PATH:~/.ghcup/bin" >> $VAR_FILE
-    fi
-
-}
-
-function install_gmp {
-    if [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS12 ] || [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS14 ]; then
-        notice "Installing GMP via Homebrew, if it's not already installed"
-        logged brew install gmp
-        USED_BREW=true
-    else
-        notice "Did not install GMP. This script only supports macOS 14"
-    fi
-}
-
-# Installs the two solvers required to run the test suite for the repo.
-# Users may want to install other solvers, and indeed the what4 solvers repo
-# includes a half dozen other solvers that are compatible with cryptol. 
-function install_solvers {
-
-    # Install the latest z3
-    if ! is_installed z3; then
-        notice "Installing z3 solver via Homebrew"
-        logged brew install z3
-        USED_BREW=true
-    fi
-
-    # Install other solvers using the cryptol-approved set of binaries
-    if ! is_installed cvc4 || ! is_installed cvc5; then
-        notice "Installing cvc4 and/or cvc5 solvers from $WHAT4_SOLVERS_URL"
-
-        if [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS14 ]; then
-            solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_14
-        elif [ $CRYPTOL_PLATFORM = $MACOS12 ]; then
-            solvers_version=$WHAT4_SOLVERS_MACOS_12
-        fi
-
-        solvers_dir=$(mktemp -d)
-        logged curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSfL -o "$solvers_dir/solvers.bin.zip" "$WHAT4_SOLVERS_URL$solvers_version"
-        cd $solvers_dir
-        logged unzip solvers.bin.zip
-        
-        # If we want to install more solvers by default, we can do so here
-        for solver in cvc4 cvc5; do
-            if ! is_installed $solver ; then
-                notice "Installing $solver"
-                chmod u+x $solver
-                sudo mv $solver /usr/local/bin
-            fi
-        done
-
-        cd $HERE
-        rm -r $solvers_dir
-    else
-        notice "Not installing cvc4 or cvc5 solvers because they already exist"
-
-        # Make sure the installed versions are the versions that have been tested
-        version_file=$(mktemp)
-        cvc4 --version > $version_file
-        if ! (grep -q "$WHAT4_CVC4_VERSION" $version_file); then
-            notice "Your version of cvc4 is unexpected; expected $WHAT4_CVC4_VERSION"
-            notice "Got: $(grep 'cvc4 version' $version_file)"
-            notice "To ensure compatibility, you might want to uninstall the "\
-                "existing version and re-run this script."
-        fi
-        cvc5 --version > $version_file
-        if ! (grep -q "$WHAT4_CVC5_VERSION" $version_file); then
-            notice "Your version of cvc5 is unexpected; expected $WHAT4_CVC5_VERSION"
-            notice "Got: $(grep "cvc5 version" $version_file)"
-            notice "To ensure compatibility, you might want to uninstall the "\
-                "existing version and re-run this script."
-        fi
-    fi
-}
-
-function put_brew_in_path {
-    if $USED_BREW; then
-        # `brew --prefix` is different on macOS 12 and macOS 14
-        echo "export CPATH=$(brew --prefix)/include" >> $VAR_FILE
-        echo "export LIBRARY_PATH=$(brew --prefix)/lib" >> $VAR_FILE
-    fi
-}
-
-
-# Make sure script is running on a supported platform
-CRYPTOL_PLATFORM=$(supported_platform)
-if [ -z "$CRYPTOL_PLATFORM" ]; then
-    echo "Unsupported platform"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-update_submodules
-install_ghcup
-install_gmp
-install_solvers
-put_brew_in_path
-
-notice "You may need to source new environment variables added here:\n" \
-    "\$ source $VAR_FILE"