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Overview

Why Spring?

Spring in a Nutshell

  • Very popular framework for building Java applications.
  • Initially a simpler and lightweight alternative to J2EE (Java EE).
  • Provides a large number of helper classes to make things easier.
  • We should learn both Java EE and Spring now, and lots of skills are interchangeable.

Java Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE/Java EE)

  • Contains (1) Client-Side Presentation, (2) Server-Side Presentation, (3) Server-Side Business Logic and (4) Database.
  • History of Java EE
    • (1999) J2EE 1.2: Servlets, JSP, EJB, JMS, RMI
    • (2001) J2EE 1.3: EJB, CMP, JCA
    • (2003) J2EE 1.4: Web Services, Management, Deployment
    • (2006) Java EE 5: EJB 3, JPA, JSF, JAXB, JAX-WS
    • (2009) Java EE 6: JAX-RS, CDI, Bean-Validation
    • (2013) Java EE 7: JMS 2, Batch, TX, Concurrency, Web Sockets
    • (2017) Java EE 8
    • (2018) Jakarta EE


Spring 5 Update

  • Updated minimum requirements for Java 8 or higher.
  • Deprecated legacy integration for: Tiles, Velocity, Portlet, Guava etc.
  • Upgraded Spring MVC to use new versions of Servlet API 4.0.
  • Added new reactive programming framework: Spring WebFlux.


Spring Core Framework

Goals of Spring

  • Lightweight development with Java POJOs (Plain-Old-Java-Objects)
  • Dependency injection to promote loose coupling.
  • Declarative programming with Aspect-Oriented-Programming (AOP).
  • Minimize boilerplate Java code.

Framework Overview

  • Core Container
    • Contains Beans, Core, SpEL and Context.
    • Factory for creating beans.
    • Manage bean dependencies.
  • AOP Infrastructure
    • AOP means Aspect Oriented Programming.
    • To add functionality to objects declaratively like loggings, security, transactions, etc...
  • Data Access Layer (Intergration)
    • The layer is for communicating with the database, either a relational database or a NoSQL database.
    • Provides helper classes to make it much easier to access a database using JDBC.
    • Use ORM (Object to Relational Mapping) integration with Hibernate and JPA.
    • Provides helper classes for sending async messages to a Message Broker with JMS (Java Message Service).
  • Web Layer
    • Contains all web related classes, it's the home of the Spring MVC framework.
  • Test Layer
    • Supports Test-Driven-Development (TDD).
    • Mock objects and out-of-container testing.


Spring Platform

Spring Prjects are additional Spring modules built-on top of the core Spring Framekwork. We can use what we need:

  • Spring Cloud, Spring Data
  • Spring Batch, Spring Security
  • Spring for Android, Spring Web Flow
  • Spring Web Services, Spring LDAP