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powerplant.py
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powerplant.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sun Apr 19 16:06:57 2020
@author: intgridnb-02
"""
from misc import initializer
from bid import Bid
class Powerplant():
@initializer
def __init__(self,
agent = None,
name = 'KKW ISAR 2',
technology = 'nuclear',
fuel = 'uranium',
maxPower = 1500,
minPower = 600,
efficiency = 0.3,
rampUp = 890,
rampDown = 890,
variableCosts = 10.3,
hotStartCosts = 140,
warmStartCosts = 140,
coldStartCosts = 140,
minOperatingTime = 72,
minDowntime = 10,
heatExtraction = False,
maxExtraction = 0,
heatingDistrict = 'BW',
company = 'UNIPER',
year = 1988,
node = 'Bus_DE',
world = None,
maxAvailability = None,
emission = None,
**kwargs):
self.minDowntime /= self.world.dt # This was added to consider dt 15 mins
self.minOperatingTime /= self.world.dt # This was added to consider dt 15 mins
self.crm_timestep = self.world.crm_timestep
self.foresight = int(self.minDowntime)
self.maxExtraction /= self.world.dt
self.emission = self.world.emissionFactors[self.fuel] if self.emission is None else self.emission
self.hotStartCosts *= self.maxPower
self.warmStartCosts *= self.maxPower
self.coldStartCosts *= self.maxPower
self.marginal_cost = None
# Unit status parameters
self.meanMarketSuccess = 0
self.marketSuccess = [0]
self.currentDowntime = self.minDowntime # Keeps track of the powerplant if it reached the minimum shutdown time
self.currentStatus = 0 # 0 means the power plant is currently off, 1 means it is on
self.averageDownTime = [0] # average downtime during the simulation
self.currentCapacity = 0
if maxAvailability is None:
self.maxAvailability = [self.maxPower for _ in self.world.snapshots]
else:
self.maxAvailability = maxAvailability
def reset(self):
self.total_capacity = [0. for _ in self.world.snapshots]
self.total_capacity[-1] = self.minPower + (self.maxPower-self.minPower)/2
self.bids_mr = {n:(0.,0.) for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.bids_flex = {n:(0.,0.) for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.confQtyCRM_neg = {n:0 for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.confQtyCRM_pos = {n:0 for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.confQtyDHM_steam = {n:0 for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.powerLoss_CHP = {n:0 for n in self.world.snapshots}
self.sentBids=[]
self.current_downtime = self.minDowntime
self.rewards = [0. for _ in self.world.snapshots]
self.regrets = [0. for _ in self.world.snapshots]
self.profits = [0. for _ in self.world.snapshots]
def step(self):
t = self.world.currstep
self.total_capacity[t] = 0
for bid in self.sentBids:
if 'mrEOM' in bid.ID:
self.total_capacity[t] += bid.confirmedAmount
self.bids_mr[t] = (bid.confirmedAmount, bid.price)
elif 'flexEOM' in bid.ID:
self.total_capacity[t] += bid.confirmedAmount
self.bids_flex[t] = (bid.confirmedAmount, bid.price)
#change crm capacity every 4 hours (CRM market clearing time)
if t % self.crm_timestep:
self.confQtyCRM_pos[t] = self.confQtyCRM_pos[t-1]
self.confQtyCRM_neg[t] = self.confQtyCRM_neg[t-1]
if self.total_capacity[t] < self.minPower:
self.total_capacity[t] = 0
# Calculates market success
if self.total_capacity[t] > 0:
self.marketSuccess[-1] += 1
else:
if self.marketSuccess[-1] != 0:
self.meanMarketSuccess = sum(self.marketSuccess)/len(self.marketSuccess)
self.marketSuccess.append(0)
# Calculates market success
if self.total_capacity[t] < self.minPower:
self.total_capacity[t] = 0
price_difference = self.world.mcp[t] - self.marginal_cost[t]
profit = price_difference*self.total_capacity[t]*self.world.dt
opportunity_cost = price_difference*(self.maxPower - self.total_capacity[t])*self.world.dt
scaling = 0.1/self.maxPower
regret_scale = 0.2
if self.total_capacity[t] != 0 and self.total_capacity[t-1] == 0:
profit = profit - self.hotStartCosts/2
elif self.total_capacity[t] == 0 and self.total_capacity[t-1] != 0:
profit = profit - self.hotStartCosts/2
self.rewards[t] = (profit - regret_scale*opportunity_cost) * scaling
self.profits[t] = profit
self.regrets[t] = max(opportunity_cost, 0)
# Checks if the powerplant is shutdown and whether it can start-up
if self.currentStatus == 0:
#Power plant is off
if self.total_capacity[t - 1] == 0:
# Adds to the counter of the number of steps it was off
self.currentDowntime += 1
if self.currentDowntime >= self.minDowntime:
# Powerplant can turn on
if self.total_capacity[t] >= self.minPower:
self.averageDownTime.append(self.currentDowntime)
self.currentDowntime = 0
self.currentStatus = 1
else:
self.total_capacity[t] = 0
self.currentStatus = 0
else:
if (self.total_capacity[t] < self.minPower):
self.currentStatus = 0
self.currentDowntime = 1
else:
self.currentStatus = 1
self.sentBids = []
def check_availability(self, t):
self.maxPower = self.maxAvailability[t]
def feedback(self, bid):
if bid.status == "Confirmed":
if 'CRMPosDem' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyCRM_pos.update({self.world.currstep+_:bid.confirmedAmount for _ in range(self.crm_timestep)})
if 'CRMNegDem' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyCRM_neg.update({self.world.currstep+_:bid.confirmedAmount for _ in range(self.crm_timestep)})
if 'steam' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyDHM_steam[self.world.currstep] = bid.confirmedAmount
elif bid.status =="PartiallyConfirmed":
if 'CRMPosDem' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyCRM_pos.update({self.world.currstep+_:bid.confirmedAmount for _ in range(self.crm_timestep)})
if 'CRMNegDem' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyCRM_neg.update({self.world.currstep+_:bid.confirmedAmount for _ in range(self.crm_timestep)})
if 'steam' in bid.ID:
self.confQtyDHM_steam[self.world.currstep] = bid.confirmedAmount
if 'steam' in bid.ID:
self.powerLossFPP(self.world.currstep, bid)
self.sentBids.append(bid)
def powerLossFPP(self, t, bid):
if bid.confirmedAmount > 0:
if self.technology in ['lignite', 'hard coal', 'combined cycle gas turbine']:
powerLoss = (self.maxPower - ((-0.12 * min((bid.confirmedAmount) / self.maxPower, 1.25) + 1) * self.maxPower))
self.powerLoss_CHP[t] = powerLoss
def formulate_bids(self, t, market="EOM"):
bids = []
if self.maxPower == 0:
return bids
if market=="EOM":
bidQuantity_mr, bidPrice_mr, bidQuantity_flex, bidPrice_flex = self.calculateBidEOM(t)
bids.extend(
(
Bid(
issuer=self,
ID=f"{self.name}_mrEOM",
price=bidPrice_mr,
amount=bidQuantity_mr,
status="Sent",
bidType="Supply",
node=self.node,
),
Bid(
issuer=self,
ID=f"{self.name}_flexEOM",
price=bidPrice_flex,
amount=bidQuantity_flex,
status="Sent",
bidType="Supply",
node=self.node,
),
)
)
elif market=="DHM":
bids.extend(self.calculateBidDHM(t))
elif market=="posCRMDemand":
bids.extend(self.calculatingBidsFPP_CRM_pos(t))
elif market=="negCRMDemand":
bids.extend(self.calculatingBidsFPP_CRM_neg(t))
return bids
def calculate_marginal_cost(self,
t,
efficiency_dependence=False,
passed_capacity=0):
# sourcery skip: inline-immediately-returned-variable
"""
Parameters
----------
t : timestamp
Defines the fuel price and CO2 prices at that timestep.
efficiency_dependence : Bool
DESCRIPTION.
passed_capacity : float
Specified the current power level, required to .
Returns
-------
marginal_cost : TYPE
DESCRIPTION.
"""
fuel_price = self.world.fuelPrices[self.fuel][t]
co2_price = self.world.fuelPrices['co2'][t]
# Efficiency dependent marginal cost
# Partial load efficiency dependent marginal costs
if not efficiency_dependence:
marginal_cost = fuel_price/self.efficiency + co2_price * \
self.emission/self.efficiency + self.variableCosts
return marginal_cost
if t > 0:
if passed_capacity > 0:
current_capacity = passed_capacity
elif self.total_capacity[t-1] >= self.minPower:
current_capacity = self.total_capacity[t-1]
else:
current_capacity = self.maxPower
else:
current_capacity = self.maxPower
capacity_ratio = current_capacity / self.maxPower
if self.fuel in ['lignite', 'hard coal']:
eta_loss = 0.095859 * (capacity_ratio ** 4) - 0.356010 * (capacity_ratio ** 3) \
+ 0.532948 * (capacity_ratio ** 2) - \
0.447059 * capacity_ratio + 0.174262
elif self.fuel == 'combined cycle gas turbine':
eta_loss = 0.178749 * (capacity_ratio ** 4) - 0.653192 * (capacity_ratio ** 3) \
+ 0.964704 * (capacity_ratio ** 2) - \
0.805845 * capacity_ratio + 0.315584
elif self.fuel == 'open cycle gas turbine':
eta_loss = 0.485049 * (capacity_ratio ** 4) - 1.540723 * (capacity_ratio ** 3) \
+ 1.899607 * (capacity_ratio ** 2) - \
1.251502 * capacity_ratio + 0.407569
else:
eta_loss = 0
efficiency = self.efficiency - eta_loss
marginal_cost = fuel_price/efficiency + co2_price * \
self.emission/efficiency + self.variableCosts
return marginal_cost
def calculateBidEOM(self, t):
'''
This is currently hard coded, but should be removed into input files
'''
bidQuantity_mr, bidPrice_mr, bidQuantity_flex, bidPrice_flex = 0, 0, 0, 0
maxDowntime_hotStart = 32 # represents 8h in 15min res
maxDowntime_warmStart = 192
if ((self.currentStatus) or (not(self.currentStatus) and (self.currentDowntime >= self.minDowntime))):
# =============================================================================
# Powerplant is either on, or is able to turn on
# Calculating possible bid amount
# =============================================================================
mustRunPowerFPP = (max(self.total_capacity[t-1] - self.rampDown + self.confQtyCRM_neg[t], self.minPower + self.confQtyCRM_neg[t]))
bidQuantity_mr = mustRunPowerFPP if mustRunPowerFPP > 0 else 0
if bidQuantity_mr >= self.world.minBidEOM:
flexPowerFPP = min(self.total_capacity[t-1] + self.rampUp - self.confQtyCRM_pos[t] - mustRunPowerFPP,
self.maxPower - self.powerLoss_CHP[t] - self.confQtyCRM_pos[t] - mustRunPowerFPP)
bidQuantity_flex = flexPowerFPP if flexPowerFPP > 0 else 0
totalOutputCapacity = mustRunPowerFPP + flexPowerFPP
else:
print(self.name)
# =============================================================================
# Calculating possible price
# =============================================================================
if not(self.currentStatus):
# The powerplant is currently off and calculates a startup markup as an extra
# to the marginal cost
# Calculating the average uninterrupted operating period
averageOperatingTime = max(self.meanMarketSuccess, self.minOperatingTime, 1) #1 prevents division by 0
if self.currentDowntime < maxDowntime_hotStart:
startingCosts = (self.hotStartCosts)
elif self.currentDowntime >= maxDowntime_hotStart and self.currentDowntime < maxDowntime_warmStart:
startingCosts = (self.warmStartCosts)
else:
startingCosts = (self.coldStartCosts)
# start-up markup
markup = startingCosts / averageOperatingTime / bidQuantity_mr
marginalCosts_eta = self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, mustRunPowerFPP)
bidPrice_mr = min(marginalCosts_eta + markup, 3000.12)
else:
'''
Check the description provided by Thomas in last version, the average downtime is not available
'''
avgDT = max(self.minDowntime, 1)
if avgDT < maxDowntime_hotStart:
startingCosts = (self.hotStartCosts)
elif avgDT >= maxDowntime_hotStart and avgDT < maxDowntime_warmStart:
startingCosts = (self.warmStartCosts)
else:
startingCosts = (self.coldStartCosts)
# restart markup
priceReduction_restart = startingCosts / avgDT / abs(bidQuantity_mr)
if self.confQtyDHM_steam[t] > 0:
eqHeatGenCosts = (self.confQtyDHM_steam[t] * (self.world.fuelPrices['natural gas'][t]/ 0.9)) / abs(bidQuantity_mr)
else:
eqHeatGenCosts = 0.00
marginalCosts_eta = self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, totalOutputCapacity)
if self.specificRevenueEOM(t, self.foresight, marginalCosts_eta, 'all') >=0:
if self.world.mcp[t] < marginalCosts_eta:
marginalCosts_eta = 0
bidPrice_mr = max(-priceReduction_restart - eqHeatGenCosts + marginalCosts_eta, -2999.00)
if self.confQtyDHM_steam[t] > 0:
powerLossRatio = round((self.powerLoss_CHP[t] / (self.confQtyDHM_steam[t])), 2)
else:
powerLossRatio = 0
# Flex-bid price formulation
bidPrice_flex = (1 - powerLossRatio) * self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, totalOutputCapacity) if abs(bidQuantity_flex) > 0 else 0.00
return (bidQuantity_mr,bidPrice_mr, bidQuantity_flex, bidPrice_flex)
def calculateBidDHM(self, t, dt = 1):
bidsDHM = []
if ((self.currentStatus) or (not(self.currentStatus) and (self.currentDowntime >= self.minDowntime))):
elCapacity = max(self.total_capacity[t-1], self.minPower)
# Steam power plants
if self.technology in ['lignite', 'hard coal', 'combined cycle gas turbine']:
# Steam extraction: Twice the amount of output electricity, limited to 1.2 times the normalized nominal electricity output
thPower_process = min(elCapacity * 2, self.maxPower * 1.2)
heatExtraction_process = thPower_process
# Auxiliary firing on plant site
heatExtraction_auxFiring = max(self.maxExtraction - (self.maxPower * 1.2), 0)
# heat to power-ratio
heat_to_power_ratio = heatExtraction_process / (elCapacity)
# Evaluation of power loss ratio
if thPower_process > 0:
if self.technology in ['lignite', 'hard coal']:
powerLossRatio = 1.018222848803E-13 *(heat_to_power_ratio **6) \
- 5.46518761407738E-11 * (heat_to_power_ratio **5) \
+ 1.04891194269589E-08 * (heat_to_power_ratio**4) \
- 8.90214921246953E-07 * (heat_to_power_ratio **3) \
+ 0.0000392158875692142 * (heat_to_power_ratio **2) \
- 0.000921199029083447 * heat_to_power_ratio \
+ 0.156897578188381
# CCGTs
else:
powerLossRatio = -0.0000026638327514537 * (heat_to_power_ratio **2) \
+ 0.00105199966687901 * heat_to_power_ratio \
+ 0.108494099491879
else:
powerLossRatio = 0
# Open cycle gas turbine
else:
heatExtraction_process = elCapacity * 2
heatExtraction_auxFiring = max(self.maxExtraction - (self.maxPower * 2), 0)
heat_to_power_ratio = heatExtraction_process/(elCapacity)
powerLossRatio = -0.0000026638327514537 * (heat_to_power_ratio ** 2) \
+ 0.00105199966687901 * heat_to_power_ratio \
+ 0.108494099491879
# Evaluation of heat price (EUR/MWh)
heatPrice_process = round(powerLossRatio * self.calculate_marginal_cost(t,0,0), 2)
heatPrice_auxFiring = round(self.world.fuelPrices['natural gas'][t] / 0.9, 2)
# Create district heating bids
bidsDHM.append(Bid(issuer = self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_steam".format(self.name,t),
price = heatPrice_process,
amount = heatExtraction_process,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
bidsDHM.append(Bid(issuer = self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_auxFi".format(self.name,t),
price = heatPrice_auxFiring,
amount = heatExtraction_auxFiring,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
else:
bidsDHM.append(Bid(issuer = self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_steam".format(self.name,t),
price = 0,
amount = 0,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
bidsDHM.append(Bid(issuer = self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_auxFi".format(self.name,t),
price = 0,
amount = 0,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
return bidsDHM
def calculatingBidsFPP_CRM_pos(self, t):
bidsCRM = []
lastCapacity = self.total_capacity[t-1]
rampUpPower_BPM = ((1 / 3) * self.rampUp)
# available power (pos. BP FPP)
if ((self.currentStatus) or (not(self.currentStatus) and (self.currentDowntime >= self.minDowntime))):
availablePower_BP_pos = (min(self.maxPower - lastCapacity, rampUpPower_BPM))
else:
availablePower_BP_pos = 0
#available capacity to offer on he CRM market
bidQuantityBPM_pos = availablePower_BP_pos if availablePower_BP_pos >= self.world.minBidCRM else 0
if bidQuantityBPM_pos > 0:
# Specific revenue if power was offered on the energy marke
specificRevenueEOM_dtau = self.specificRevenueEOM(t, self.crm_timestep, self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, 0), 'all')
if specificRevenueEOM_dtau >= 0:
capacityPrice = specificRevenueEOM_dtau * bidQuantityBPM_pos
else:
capacityPrice = ((abs(specificRevenueEOM_dtau) * self.minPower) / bidQuantityBPM_pos)
energyPrice = self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, 0)
bidsCRM.append(Bid(issuer=self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_CRMPosDem".format(self.name,t),
price = capacityPrice,
amount = bidQuantityBPM_pos,
energyPrice = energyPrice,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
else:
bidsCRM.append(Bid(issuer=self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_CRMPosDem".format(self.name,t),
price = 0,
amount = 0,
energyPrice = 0,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
return bidsCRM
def calculatingBidsFPP_CRM_neg(self, t):
bidsCRM = []
lastCapacity = self.total_capacity[t-1]
rampDownPower_CRM = ((1 / 3) * self.rampDown)
if ((self.currentStatus) or (not(self.currentStatus) and (self.currentDowntime >= self.minDowntime))):
bidQtyCRM_neg = (min(lastCapacity - self.minPower, rampDownPower_CRM))
else:
bidQtyCRM_neg = 0
if bidQtyCRM_neg > self.world.minBidCRM:
# Specific revenue if power was offered on the energy marke
specificRevenueEOM_dtau = self.specificRevenueEOM(t, self.crm_timestep, self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, 0), 'all')
if specificRevenueEOM_dtau < 0 and bidQtyCRM_neg > 0:
capacityPrice = round(((abs(specificRevenueEOM_dtau) * (self.minPower + bidQtyCRM_neg)) / bidQtyCRM_neg), 2)
else:
capacityPrice = 0.00
energyPrice = -self.calculate_marginal_cost(t, 1, 0)
bidsCRM.append(Bid(issuer=self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_CRMNegDem".format(self.name,t),
price = capacityPrice,
amount = bidQtyCRM_neg,
energyPrice = energyPrice,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
else:
bidsCRM.append(Bid(issuer=self,
ID = "Bu{}t{}_CRMNegDem".format(self.name,t),
price = 0,
amount = 0,
energyPrice = 0,
status = "Sent",
bidType = "Supply",
node = self.node))
return bidsCRM
def specificRevenueEOM(self, t, foresight, marginalCosts, horizon):
listPFC = []
if t + foresight > len(self.world.mcp):
listPFC = self.world.mcp[t:] + self.world.mcp[:t+foresight-len(self.world.mcp)]
else:
listPFC = self.world.mcp[t:t+foresight]
if horizon == 'positive':
specificRevenue_sum = round(sum([(marketPrice - marginalCosts) * self.world.dt for marketPrice
in listPFC if marginalCosts < marketPrice]), 2)
elif horizon == 'negative':
specificRevenue_sum = round(sum([(marketPrice - marginalCosts) * self.world.dt for marketPrice
in listPFC if marginalCosts > marketPrice]), 2)
else:
specificRevenue_sum = round(sum([(marketPrice - marginalCosts) * self.world.dt for marketPrice
in listPFC]), 2)
return specificRevenue_sum