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about_regular_expressions.rb
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about_regular_expressions.rb
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/edgecase')
class AboutRegularExpressions < EdgeCase::Koan
def test_a_pattern_is_a_regular_expression
assert_equal __, /pattern/.class
end
def test_a_regexp_can_search_a_string_for_matching_content
assert_equal __, "some matching content"[/match/]
end
def test_a_failed_match_returns_nil
assert_equal __, "some matching content"[/missing/]
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_question_mark_means_optional
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/ab?/]
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/az?/]
end
def test_plus_means_one_or_more
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/bc+/]
end
def test_asterisk_means_zero_or_more
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/ab*/]
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/az*/]
assert_equal __, "abbcccddddeeeee"[/z*/]
# THINK ABOUT IT:
#
# When would * fail to match?
end
# THINK ABOUT IT:
#
# We say that the repetition operators above are "greedy."
#
# Why?
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_the_left_most_match_wins
assert_equal __, "abbccc az"[/az*/]
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_character_classes_give_options_for_a_character
animals = ["cat", "bat", "rat", "zat"]
assert_equal __, animals.select { |a| a[/[cbr]at/] }
end
def test_slash_d_is_a_shortcut_for_a_digit_character_class
assert_equal __, "the number is 42"[/[0123456789]+/]
assert_equal __, "the number is 42"[/\d+/]
end
def test_character_classes_can_include_ranges
assert_equal __, "the number is 42"[/[0-9]+/]
end
def test_slash_s_is_a_shortcut_for_a_whitespace_character_class
assert_equal __, "space: \t\n"[/\s+/]
end
def test_slash_w_is_a_shortcut_for_a_word_character_class
# NOTE: This is more like how a programmer might define a word.
assert_equal __, "variable_1 = 42"[/[a-zA-Z0-9_]+/]
assert_equal __, "variable_1 = 42"[/\w+/]
end
def test_period_is_a_shortcut_for_any_non_newline_character
assert_equal __, "abc\n123"[/a.+/]
end
def test_a_character_class_can_be_negated
assert_equal __, "the number is 42"[/[^0-9]+/]
end
def test_shortcut_character_classes_are_negated_with_capitals
assert_equal __, "the number is 42"[/\D+/]
assert_equal __, "space: \t\n"[/\S+/]
assert_equal __, "variable_1 = 42"[/\W+/]
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_slash_a_anchors_to_the_start_of_the_string
assert_equal __, "start end"[/\Astart/]
assert_equal __, "start end"[/\Aend/]
end
def test_slash_z_anchors_to_the_end_of_the_string
assert_equal __, "start end"[/end\z/]
assert_equal __, "start end"[/start\z/]
end
def test_caret_anchors_to_the_start_of_lines
assert_equal __, "num 42\n2 lines"[/^\d+/]
end
def test_dollar_sign_anchors_to_the_end_of_lines
assert_equal __, "2 lines\nnum 42"[/\d+$/]
end
def test_slash_b_anchors_to_a_word_boundary
assert_equal __, "bovine vines"[/\bvine./]
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_parentheses_group_contents
assert_equal __, "ahahaha"[/(ha)+/]
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_parentheses_also_capture_matched_content_by_number
assert_equal __, "Gray, James"[/(\w+), (\w+)/, 1]
assert_equal __, "Gray, James"[/(\w+), (\w+)/, 2]
end
def test_variables_can_also_be_used_to_access_captures
assert_equal __, "Name: Gray, James"[/(\w+), (\w+)/]
assert_equal __, $1
assert_equal __, $2
end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_a_vertical_pipe_means_or
grays = /(James|Dana|Summer) Gray/
assert_equal __, "James Gray"[grays]
assert_equal __, "Summer Gray"[grays, 1]
assert_equal __, "Jim Gray"[grays, 1]
end
# THINK ABOUT IT:
#
# Explain the difference between a character class ([...]) and alternation (|).
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_scan_is_like_find_all
assert_equal __, "one two-three".scan(/\w+/)
end
def test_sub_is_like_find_and_replace
assert_equal __, "one two-three".sub(/(t\w*)/) { $1[0, 1] }
end
def test_gsub_is_like_find_and_replace_all
assert_equal __, "one two-three".gsub(/(t\w*)/) { $1[0, 1] }
end
end