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Bε tree implementation in Rust

Background

Bε tree is a write-optimized data structure described in 1.

Design overview

From bottom up:

  • Pager: a wrapper of a std::fs::File object exposing methods from reading and writing data in PAGESIZE.

  • Serialization layer: traits, macros, and implementations for on-disk size calculation and (de)serialization of objects.

  • Node cache layer: a fixed-size buffer pool for Node objects based on LRU queue.

  • Superblock: contains metadata of the tree

  • Bε tree implemenation:

    • Every page is an on-disk representation of an in-memory Node.
    • Every Node/Page has a unique PageId
    • Variable-size keys and values(byte array)
    • Leaf node, pivots, and message buffers are all represented as std::collections::BTreemap in memory and SSTables on disk.
    • Well-formedness: a leaf node is well-formed if its on-disk size is not larger than PAGESIZE; an internal node is well-formed if both pivots and message buffer have an on-disk size not larger than their capacities(determined by PAGESIZE and ε)
    • Core method: 
      fn send_msgs_to_subtree(
&mut self,
mut current: ChildId,
msgs: MsgBuffer,
) -> (ChildId, Vec<(OnDiskKey, ChildId)>)

    This method accepts an ID of the root node of the subtree and a collection of messages. It returns a new ID of the root node(Copy-on-write) and a collection of new pivots from splitting.

    Pseudo code:

    1. if the current node is InternalNode,
    1. if all incoming messages go to the same child, sanitize current buffer and then flush directly with no merging; else: merge `msgs` with its own message buffer.
2. While the current message buffer is not well-formed, flush all messages in buffer and merge the returned new pivots to the current pivot map.
3. While the current pivots map is not well-formed, keep splitting.
4. Return new pivots
    1. if the current node is LeafNode, apply all messages to the current tree. Keep splitting until the current node is well-formed. Return new pivots.

Footnotes

  1. Bender, Michael A., Martín Farach-Colton, William Jannen, Rob Johnson, Bradley C. Kuszmaul, Donald E. Porter, Jun Yuan and Yang Zhan. “An Introduction to Bε-trees and Write-Optimization.” login Usenix Mag. 40 (2015): n. pag. ↩