isd-publications.xml

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  <publication>
    <title>Ten Simple Rules for the Care and Feeding of Scientific Data</title>
    <url>http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.2134</url>
    <person>Alyssa Goodman</person>
    <person>Alberto Pepe</person>
    <person>Alexander W. Blocker</person>
    <person>Christine L. Borgman</person>
    <person>Kyle Cranmer</person>
    <person>Merce Crosas</person>
    <person>Rosanne Di Stefano</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Margaret Hedstrom</person>
    <person>David W. Hogg</person>
    <person>Vinay Kashyap</person>
    <person>Ashish Mahabal</person>
    <person>Aneta Siemiginowska</person>
    <person>Aleksandra Slavkovic</person>
    <where>To appear in PLOS Computational Biology, 2014</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Human Tutorial Instruction in the Raw</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 2014</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Similarity Assessment and Efficient Retrieval of Semantic Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/bergmann-gil-isj12.pdf</url>
    <person>Ralph Bergmann</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
	 <where>Information Systems Journal, Vol. 40, 2014</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Primer for the PROV Provenance Model</title>
    <url>http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
    <person>Khalid Belhajjame</person>
    <person>Henela Deus</person>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Graham Klyne</person>
    <person>Paolo Missier</person>
    <person>Stian Soiland-Reyes</person>
    <person>Stephan Zednik</person>
	 <where>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2014</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Quantifying Reproducibility in Computational Biology: The Case of the Tuberculosis Drugome</title>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Sarah Kinnings</person>
    <person>Li Xie</person>
    <person>Lei Xie</person>
    <person>Yinliang Zhang</person>
    <person>Philip E. Bourne</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>PLOS ONE, 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Common Motifs in Scientific Workflows: An Empirical Analysis</title>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Pinar Alper</person>
    <person>Khalid Belhajjame</person>
    <person>Oscar Corcho</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carole Goble</person>
    <where>Future Generation Computer Systems, 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Structured Analysis of the ISI Atomic Pair Actions Dataset Using Workflows</title>
    <person>Ricky J. Sethi</person>
    <person>Hyunjoon Jo</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Pattern Recognition Letters 34(15), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>The Democratization of Semantic Properties: An Analysis of Semantic Wikis</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-icsc13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Angela Knight</person>
    <person>Kevin Zhang</person>
    <person>Larry Zhang</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ricky Sethi</person>
    <where>Seventh IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Knowledge Capture in the Wild: A Perspective from Semantic Wiki Communities</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-ratnakar-kcap13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Seventh ACM International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Detecting Common Scientific Workflow Fragments Using Templates and Execution Provenance</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/garijo-etal-kcap13.pdf</url>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Oscar Corcho</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Seventh ACM International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Social Knowledge Collection</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-handbookhc13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Handbook of Human Computation, 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Using Semantic Workflows to Disseminate Best Practices and Accelerate Discoveries in Multi-Omic Data Analysis</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-hiai13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Shannon McWeeney</person>
    <person>Christopher E. Mason</person>
    <where>AAAI Workshop on Expanding the Boundaries of Health Informatics using AI (HIAI), held in conjunction with the Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Intelligent Assistance to Disseminate Best Practices and Accelerate Discoveries in Cancer Omics</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-cbbw13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Christopher E. Mason</person>
    <person>Christina Zheng</person>
    <person>Shannon McWeeney</person>
    <where>2013 NCI EDRN Cancer Biomarkers Bioinformatics Workshop, Pasadena, CA, 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Towards Task-Centered Network Models through Semantic Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-isi13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>An Initial Analysis of Semantic Wikis</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-iui13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Angela Knight</person>
    <person>Kevin Zhang</person>
    <person>Larry Zhang</person>
    <person>Ricky Sethi</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>The AAAI Fall Symposium on "Discovery Informatics: The Role of AI Research in Innovating Scientific Processes</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-hirsh-aimag13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Haym Hirsh</person>
    <where>AI Magazine 34(1), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model</title>
    <url>http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/</url>
    <person>Luc Moreau</person>
    <person>Paolo Missier</person>
    <person>Khalid Belhajjame</person>
    <person>Reza B'Far</person>
    <person>James Cheney</person>
    <person>Sam Coppens</person>
    <person>Stephen Cresswell</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Graham Klyne</person>
    <person>Timothy Lebo</person>
    <person>Jim McCusker</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
    <person>James Myers</person>
    <person>Satya Sahoo</person>
    <person>Curt Tilmes</person>
    <where>World Wide Web (W3C), 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Time-Bound Analytic Tasks on Large Datasets through Dynamic Configuration of Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-works13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Rishi Verma</person>
    <person>Andrew Hart</person>
    <person>Paul Ramirez</person>
    <person>Arni Sumarlidason</person>
    <person>Sam Park</person>
	 <where>Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science (WORKS), held in conjunction with ACM Supercomputing 2013, Denver, Colorado, November 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>WOOT</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Capturing Data Analytics and Visualization Expertise with Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/kale-etal-aaaifss13.pdf</url>
    <person>David Kale</person>
    <person>Samuel Di</person>
    <person>Yan Liu</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
	 <where>AAAI Fall Symposium in Discovery Informatics, November 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>WOOT</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Large-Scale Multimedia Content Analysis Using Scientific Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/sethi-etal-mm13.pdf</url>
    <person>Hyunjoon Jo</person>
    <person>Ricky Sethi</person>
    <person>Andrew Philpot</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
	 <where>ACM International Conference on Multimedia, October 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>WOOT</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Mapping Semantic Workflows to Alternative Workflow Execution</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-icsc13.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
	 <where>IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), September 2013</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>WOOT</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Requirements for Provenance on the Web</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-etal-ijdc12.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>James Cheney</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
	 <where>International Journal of Digital Curation, 7(1), 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Capturing Common Knowledge about Tasks: Intelligent Assistance for To Do Lists</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-tiis12.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Denny Vrandecic</person>
	 <where>ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Augmenting PROV with Plans in P-PLAN: Scientific Processes as Linked Data</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/garijo-gil-lisc12.pdf</url>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
	 <where>Second International Workshop on Linked Science: Tackling Big Data (LISC), held in conjunction with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Discovery Informatics: AI Opportunities in Scientific Discovery</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-hirsh-aaaifssdi12.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Haym Hirsh</person>
	 <where>AAAI Fall Symposium on Discovery Informatics: The Role of AI Research in Innovating Scientific Processes, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Organic Data Sharing: A Novel Approach to Scientific Data Sharing</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/garijo-gil-lisc12.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Paul Hanson</person>
	 <where>Second International Workshop on Linked Science: Tackling Big Data (LISC), held in conjunction with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Automatic Metadata Annotation through Reconstructing Provenance</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-etal-swpm12.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Sara Magliacane</person>
	 <where>Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the role of Semantic Web in Provenance Management (SWPM), 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Common Motifs in Scientific Workflows: An Empirical Analysis</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/garijo-etal-escience12.pdf</url>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Pinar Alper</person>
    <person>Khalid Belhajjame</person>
    <person>Oscar Corcho</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carole Goble</person>
	 <where>Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on e-Science, Chicago, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Scientific Workflows: The Key to Convergence?</title>
    <person>Mike P. McCann</person>
    <person>Andreas F. Hofmann</person>
    <person>Thomas C. Harmon</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Ocean Sciences Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Designing a Roadmap for Workflow Cyberinfrastructure in the Geosciences: From Big Data to the Long Tail</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Ibrahim Demir</person>
    <person>Chris Duffy</person>
    <person>Marlon Pierce</person>
    <person>Suresh Marru</person>
    <person>Gerry Wiener</person>
    <where>American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Using Semantic Workflows for Genome-Scale Analysis</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Christopher Mason</person>
    <where>International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB), Long Beach, CA, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Designing a Roadmap for Geoscience Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2012EO240002.shtml</url>
    <person>Christopher Duffy</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Suresh Marru</person>
    <person>Marlon Pierce</person>
    <person>Ibrahim Demir</person>
    <person>Gerry Wiener</person>
    <where>Eos Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 93(24), 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>EarthCube Report on a Workflows Roadmap for the Geosciences</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/EarthCube/EC-WorkflowsRoadmap-September2012.pdf</url>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Chris Duffy</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Suresh Marru</person>
    <person>Marlon Pierce</person>
    <person>Gerry Wiener</person>
    <where>National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA., 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Final Report of the 2012 NSF Workshop on Discovery Informatics</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/diw2012/NSFDiscoveryInformatics2012-FinalReport.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Haym Hirsh</person>
    <where>National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA., 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Reusing Workflow Fragments Across Multiple Data Domains</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/sethi-etal-works12.pdf</url>
    <person>Ricky J. Sethi</person>
    <person>Hyunjoon Jo</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science (WORKS'12), held in conjunction with SC 2012, 2012</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A New Approach for Publishing Workflows: Abstractions, Standards, and Linked Data</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/garijo-gil-works11.pdf</url>
    <person>Daniel Garijo</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science (WORKS'11), held in conjunction with SC 2011, Seattle, Washington, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Framework for Efficient Text Analytics through Automatic Configuration and Customization of Scientific Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/hauder-etal-eScience2011.pdf</url>
    <person>Matheus Hauder</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Yan Liu</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on e-Science, Stockholm, Sweden, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <project>DALE</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Making Data Analysis Expertise Broadly Accessible through Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/hauder-etal-works11.pdf</url>
    <person>Matheus Hauder</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ricky Sethi</person>
    <person>Yan Liu</person>
    <person>Hyunjoon Jo</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science (WORKS'11), held in conjunction with SC 2011, Seattle, Washington, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>DALE</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Linked Data for Network Science</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-gil-iswc-ls11.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>First International Workshop on Linked Science at the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), Bonn, Germany, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Interactive Knowledge Capture in the New Millenium: How the Semantic Web Changed Everything</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-ikcap-ker11.pdf</url>
    <where>The Knowledge Engineering Review, 2011</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Goal-Directed Meta-Control for Integrated Procedure Learning.</title>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Karen Myers</person>
    <person>Melinda Gervasio</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Metareasoning: Thinking about Thinking, Cox, M.T. and Raja, A. (Eds), MIT Press, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Metalearning</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>The Open Provenance Model Core Specification (v1.1)</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/moreau-etal-fgcs11.pdf</url>
    <person>Luc Moreau</person>
    <person>Ben Clifford</person>
    <person>Juliana Freire</person>
    <person>Joe Futrelle</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Natalia Kwasnikowska</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
    <person>Paolo Missier</person>
    <person>Jim Myers</person>
    <person>Beth Plale</person>
    <person>Yogesh Simmhan</person>
    <person>Eric Stephan</person>
    <person>Jan Van denBussche</person>
    <where>Future Generation Computer Systems, 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Formal Framework for Combining Natural Instruction and Demonstration for End-User Programming.</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/fritz-gil-iui11.pdf</url>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Palo Alto, CA. 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Final Report of the W3C Provenance Incubator Group</title>
    <url>http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/</url>
    <where>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2011</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>James Cheney</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Olaf Hartig</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
    <person>Luc Moreau</person>
    <person>Paolo Pinheiro daSilva</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Want World Domination? Win at Risk! -- Matching To-Do Items with How-Tos from the Web</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/vrandecic-etal-iui11.pdf</url>
    <person>Denny Vrandecic</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Palo Alto, CA. 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>HowToDo</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>TellMe: Learning Procedures from Tutorial Instruction</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-iui11.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Palo Alto, CA. 2011</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Semantic Framework for Automatic Generation of Computational Workflows Using Distributed Data and Component Catalogs</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-ieee-is-09.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Pedro Antonio Gonzalez-Calero</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Joshua Moody</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Shortipedia: Aggregating and Curating Semantic Web Data</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/vrandecic-etal-swc10.pdf</url>
    <person>Denny Vrandecic</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Markus Krotzsch</person>
    <where>Semantic Web Challenge at the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), Shanghai, China, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Shortipedia</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Social Task Networks: Personal and Collaborative Task Formulation and Management in Social Networking Sites.</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-stn-aaaifss10.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>AAAI Fall Symposium Series on Proactive Assistant Agents, Arlington, VA, November 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Towards the Integration of Programming by Demonstration and Programming by Instruction using Golog.</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/fri-gil-aaai10ws.pdf</url>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>AAAI Workshop on Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition (PAIR),  Atlanta, GA, July 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Assisting Scientists with Complex Data Analysis Tasks through Semantic Workflows.</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-aaaifss10.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <where>AAAI Fall Symposium Series on Proactive Assistant Agents, Arlington, VA, November 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Parameterized Specification, Configuration, and Execution of Data-Intensive Scientific Workflows.</title>
    <url>http://www.springerlink.com/content/7018358108554094</url>
    <person>Vijay Kumar</person>
    <person>Tahsin Kurc</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Karan Vahi</person>
    <person>Yoonju Lee Nelson</person>
    <person>P. Sadayappan</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Mary Hall</person>
    <person>Joel Saltz</person>
    <where>Cluster Computing Journal, Vol 13, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"High Performance Computing and Grid Computing for Integrative Biomedical Research"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/kurc-et-al-hpc09.pdf</url>
    <person>Tahsin Kurc</person>
    <person>Shannon Hastings</person>
    <person>Vijay Kumar</person>
    <person>Stephen Langella</person>
    <person>Ashish Sharma</person>
    <person>Tony Pan</person>
    <person>Scott Oster</person>
    <person>David Ervin</person>
    <person>Justin Permar</person>
    <person>Sivaramakrishnan Narayanan</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Mary Hall</person>
    <person>Joel Saltz</person>
    <where>Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Reasoning about the Appropriate Use of Private Data through Computational Workflows"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-fritz-aaaisss10.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on Privacy Management, Stanford, CA, March 23-25, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Privateer</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Parameterized Specification, Configuration, and
    Execution of Data-Intensive Scientific Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/wings/CLUS-S-09-00149-1.pdf</url>
    <person>Vijay S. Kumar</person>
    <person>Tahsin Kurc</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Karan Vahi</person>
    <person>Yoonju Lee Nelson</person>
    <person>P Sadayappan</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Mary Hall</person>
    <person>Joel Saltz</person>
    <where>Cluster Computing Journal, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Expressive Reusable Workflow Templates"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/wings/wings-escience-2009.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Christian Fritz</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International
    Conference on e-Science, 2009</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Workflow Matching Using Semantic Metadata"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-kcap09.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Gonzalo Florez</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Pedro A. Gonzalez Calero</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
    Knowledge Capture (K-CAP), 2009</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"From Data to Knowledge to Discoveries: Scientific
    Workflows and Artificial Intelligence"</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Scientific Programming, Volume 17, Number 3,
    2009.</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Principles for Interactive Acquisition and Validation
    of Workflows"</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <where>The Journal of Experimental and Theoretical
    Artificial Intelligence, 2010</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Analyzing the Gap Between Workflows and their Natural Language Descriptions</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-gil-swf09.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the IEEE Third International Workshop on Scientific Workflows (SWF), Los Angeles, CA, July 10, 2009</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Scaffolding Instructions to Learn Procedures from Users</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-gil-aaaisss09.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on Agents that Learn from Human Teachers, Stanford, CA, March 23-25, 2009</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Scientific Workflow Construction Command Line"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-gil-iui09.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>2009 ACM International Conference on Intelligent User
    Interfaces (IUI), Sanibel, FL, February 8-11, 2009</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <project>TellMe</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Leveraging Social Networking Sites to Acquire Rich Task Structure"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-ijcaiwikiAI-09.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the IJCAI 2009 Workshop on User-Contributed Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy (WikiAI09), held in conjunction with the Twenty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-09), Pasadena, CA, July 13, 2009</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Automating To-Do Lists for Users: Interpretation of To-Dos for Selecting and Tasking Agents</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-ratnakar-aaai08.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-08), Chicago, IL, July 13-17, 2008</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Towards Intelligent Assistance for To-Do Lists</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-ratnakar-iui08.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2008), Canary Islands, Spain, January 2008</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Enhancing Interaction with To-Do Lists Using Artificial Assistants</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/BEAM-ToDo-AAAI-SSS07-Final.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Beamer</project>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on Interaction Challenges for Artificial Assistants, Stanford, CA, March 26-28 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Principles for Interactive Acquisition and Validation
    of Workflows"</title>
    <url></url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>KANAL</project>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <where>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
    Intelligence</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Determining the Trustworthiness of New Electronic Contracts</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/groth-etal-esaw-10.pdf</url>
    <person>Paul Groth</person>
    <person>Simon Miles</person>
    <person>Sanjay Modgil</person>
    <person>Nir Oren</person>
    <person>Michael Luck</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Workshop on  Engineering Societies in the Agents' World, (ESAW-09), Utrecht, The Netherlands, November 18-20, 2009</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Towards Content Trust of Web Resources</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-artz-jws07.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Donovan Artz</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <where>Journal of Web Semantics, 5(4), 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Survey of Trust in Computer Science and the Semantic Web</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/jws-trust-07.pdf</url>
    <person>Donovan Artz</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <where>Journal of Web Semantics, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Privacy Enforcement in Data Analysis Workflows</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-peas07.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William K. Cheung</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Kai-kin Chan</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <project>Privateer</project>
    <where>2007 Workshop on Privacy Enforcement and Accountability with Semantics (PEAS'07), held in conjunction with the Sixth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC'07) and the Second Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC'07), Busan, Korea, November 11-15, 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Towards Privacy Aware Data Analysis Workflows for e-Science</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/cheung-gil-aaai-ses-07.pdf</url>
    <person>William Cheung</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <project>Privateer</project>
    <where>2007 Workshop on Semantic e-Science (SeS2007), held in conjunction with the Twenty-Second Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 22-26, 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Developing a Meta-Level Problem Solver for Integrated Learners"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~jihie/papers/Maven-AAAI-metareasoning-wsp-08.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Maven</project>
    <where>AAAI Workshop on Metareasoning: Thinking about thinking, 2008</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Incorporating tutoring principles into interactive
    knowledge acquisition"</title>
    <url></url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Maven</project>
    <project>SLICK</project>
    <project>ECHO</project>
    <where>International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume
    65, Issue 10, October 2007, Pages 852-872</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Provenance Trails in the Wings/Pegasus Workflow
    System"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/CCPE07-Provenance.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience,
    Special Issue on the First Provenance Challenge, Vol 20, Issue
    5, April 2008</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Scientific Software as Workflows: From Discovery to
    Distribution"</title>
    <person>David Woollard</person>
    <person>Nenad Medvidovic</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Chris Mattmann</person>
    <where>IEEE Software, Special Issue on Developing Scientific
    Software, July/August 2008</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Designing and Parameterizing a Workflow for
    Optimization: A Case Study in Biomedical Imaging."</title>
    <person>Vijay Kumar</person>
    <person>Mary Hall</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Tahsin Kurc</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Joel Saltz</person>
    <where>Proceedings of NSF Workshop on Next Generation Software,
    held in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on
    Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS-08), Miami, FL,
    April 2008</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Self-Configuring Applications for Heterogeneous
    Systems: Program Composition and Optimization Using Cognitive
    Techniques"</title>
    <person>Mary Hall</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Robert Lucas</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Cutting-Edge
    Computing: Using New Commodity Architectures, Volume 96, Issue
    5, May 2008</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Examining the Challenges of Scientific
    Workflows"</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Mark Ellisman</person>
    <person>Thomas Fahringer</person>
    <person>Geoffrey Fox</person>
    <person>Dennis Gannon</person>
    <person>Carole Goble</person>
    <person>Miron Livny</person>
    <person>Luc Moreau</person>
    <person>Jim Myers</person>
    <where>IEEE Computer, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 24-32, December,
    2007</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Wings for Pegasus: Creating Large-Scale Scientific
    Applications Using Semantic Representations of Computational
    Workflows"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-etal-iaai07.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference on Innovative
    Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI), Vancouver,
    British Columbia, Canada, July 22-26, 2007</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Workflow Composition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/workflow-bookchapter-06.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>In Workflows for e-Science, D. Gannon, E. Deelman, M.
    Shields, I. Taylor (Eds), Springer Verlag, 2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Managing Large-Scale Scientific Workflows in
    Distributed Environments: Experiences and Challenges"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/deelman-gil-escience06.pdf</url>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Workshop on Scientific Workflows and
    Business Workflow Standards in e-Science, The Second IEEE
    International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,
    Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December 4-6, 2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Wings for Pegasus: A Semantic Approach to Creating Very
    Large Scientific Workflows"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/wings-owl06.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the OWL: Experiences and Directions 2006
    (OWLED-06), Athens, GA, November 10-11, 2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Semantic Metadata Generation for Large Scientific
    Workflows"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/kim-gil-ratnakar-iswc06.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fifth International Semantic Web
    Conference (ISWC-06), Athens, GA, November 5-9, 2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"On Agents and Grids: Creating the Fabric of a New
    Generation of Distributed Intelligent Systems"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-jws06.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>Journal of Web Semantics, Volume 4, Issue 2, June
    2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Workflow Composition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/workflow-bookchapter-06.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>"Workflows for e-Science", D. Gannon, E. Deelman, M.
    Shields, I.Taylor (Eds)</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Semantic Metadata Generation for Large Scientific
    Workflows"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/wings/papers/Wings-metadata-ISWC-2006.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC-2006,
    Athens, Georgia, USA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Wings for Pegasus: A Semantic Approach to Creating Very
    Large Scientific Workflows"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/wings/papers/Wings-OWL-2006.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Marc Sparagen</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Wings</project>
    <where>OWL: Experiences and Directions 2006, OWL-2006, Athens,
    Georgia, USA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>On agents and grids: Creating the fabric for a new
    generation of distributed intelligent systems</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/AgentsGrids-Final.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Journal of Web Semantics, Volume 4, Issue 2, June
    2006.</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
  </publication>
    <title>Towards Content Trust of Web Resources.</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Donovan Artz</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>MathTrust</project>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-artz-www06.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fifteenth International World Wide Web Conference, (WWW-06), Edinburgh, Scotland, May 23-26, 2006</where>
  <publication>
    <title>Metadata Catalogs with Semantic Representations.</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/ipaw06.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>IPAW'06 International Provenance and Annotation
    Workshop, Chicago, IL, May 3-5, 2006</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Improving the Design of Intelligent Acquisition
    Interfaces for Collecting World Knowledge from Web
    Contributors"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/chklovski-gil-kcap05.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
    Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2005). October 2-5, 2005, Banff,
    Canada</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Collecting Paraphrase Corpora from Volunteer
    Contributors"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/KCAP05-Chklovski-paraphrases.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
    Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2005). October 2-5, 2005, Banff,
    Canada</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>" Global Path-based Refinement of Noisy Graphs Applied
    to Verb Semantics"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/ijcnlp05-chklovski-pantel-verbocean-graph-inference.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Patrick Pantel</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>VerbOcean</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Proceedings of Joint Conference on
    Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-05), 2005, Jeju Island,
    South Korea</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Analysis of Procedure Learning by
    Instruction"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/pdf/tailor-aaai05.pdf</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Tailor</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), 2005, Pittsburgh,
    Pennsylvania</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Analysis of Knowledge Collected from Volunteer
    Contributors"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/chklovski-gil-aaai05.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), 2005, Pittsburgh,
    Pennsylvania</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Towards Managing Knowledge Collection from Volunteer
    Contributors"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/chklovski-gil-aaaisss05.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Knowledge
    Collection from Volunteer Contributors (KCVC05). 2005,
    Stanford, CA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"1001 Paraphrases: Incenting Responsible Contributions
    in Collecting Paraphrases from Volunteers"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/incenting-resp-contribs-kcvc05-chklovski.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Knowledge
    Collection from Volunteer Contributors (KCVC05). 2005,
    Stanford, CA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Task Learning by Instruction in Tailor"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/pdf/tailor-iui05-blythe.pdf</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Calo</project>
    <project>Tailor</project>
    <where>Proceedings of Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
    (IUI05). 2005, San Diego</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"User Interfaces with Semi-Formal Representations: a
    Study of Designing Argumentation Structures"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/iui05.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <where>Proceedings of Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
    (IUI05). 2005, San Diego</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Designing Interfaces for Guided Collection of Knowledge
    about Everyday Objects from Volunteers"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/learner2-iui05-chklovski.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
    (IUI05). 2005, San Diego</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"
    <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">VerbOcean</span>:
    Mining the Web for Fine-Grained Semantic Verb
    Relations"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/emnlp04.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Patrick Pantel</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of Conference on Empirical Methods in
    Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-04). 2004, Barcelona,
    Spain</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Artemis: Integrating Scientific Data on the
    Grid"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/tuchinda-etal-iaai04.pdf</url>
    <person>Rattapoom Tuchinda</person>
    <person>Snehal Thakkar</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Innovative
    Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI), July 25-29, San
    Jose, CA, 2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Incremental Formalization of Document Annotations
    through Ontology-based Paraphrasing"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/www04.html</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Tailor</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the International World Wide Web
    Conference (WWW-2004), 17-22 May, 2004, New York, NY,
    USA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Artificial Intelligence and Grids: Workflow Planning
    and Beyond"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/ieee-is-04.html</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Carl Kesselman</person>
    <person>Hongsuda Tangmunarunkit</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>IEEE Intelligent Systems, special issue on e-science,
    Jan/Feb 2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Intelligent Assistant for Interactive Workflow
    Composition "</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/scec/papers/IUI-2004-Kim-Spraragen-Gil.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the International Conference on
    Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2004); Madeira, Portugal,
    2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Path Analysis for Refining Verb Relations"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/%7Etimc/papers/linkkdd04.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Patrick Pantel</person>
    <project>VerbOcean</project>
    <project>Learner</project>
    <where>Proceedings of KDD Workshop on Link Analysis and Group
    Detection (LinkKDD-04). August 2004, Seattle, WA.</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Large-Scale Extraction of Fine-Grained Semantic
    Relations between Verbs"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/kdd-msw04.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Patrick Pantel</person>
    <project>VerbOcean</project>
    <where>Proceedings of KDD Workshop on Mining for and from the
    Semantic Web (MSW-04). August 2004, Seattle, WA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Memory-Based Meta-Level Reasoning for Interactive
    Knowledge Capture"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/echo/papers/echo-SSS-05.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>ECHO</project>
    <where>Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition in
    Computation, 2005</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"From Reflection to Interaction: Use of Memory in
    Interactive Knowledge Acquisition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/echo/papers/cogsci-05-Kim.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>ECHO</project>
    <project>SLICK</project>
    <where>Proceedings of CogSci-2005</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Knowledge-Based Approach to Interactive Workflow
    Composition"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~marcs/icaps_wkshp_grdpln.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Workshop: Planning and Scheduling for Web and Grid
    Services, at the 14th International Conference on Automatic
    Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 04); Whistler, Canada,
    2004.</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Planning and Metadata on the Computational
    Grid"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/spring-symp-04.html</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on Semantic Web Services, Palo
    Alto, California, USA, 2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Towards Interactive Composition of Semantic Web
    Services"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/scec/papers/AAAI-Symp-04-Kim-Gil.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on Semantic Web Services, Palo
    Alto, California, USA, 2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Mixed-Initiative Workflow Composition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~marcs/AutoCAT/AAAI204SpraragenM.pdf</url>
    <person>Marc Spraragen</person>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of American Association of Artificial
    Intelligence (AAAI-04) (Student Abstract), San Jose,
    California, USA, 2004</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"LEARNER: A System for Acquiring Commonsense Knowledge
    by Analogy"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~timc/papers/chklovski-learner.pdf</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of Second International Conference on
    Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2003). October 2003</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"TRELLIS: Supporting Decision Making via Argumentation
    in the Semantic Web"</title>
    <url>http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.126.7065</url>
    <person>Timothy Chklovski</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>John Lee</person>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of 2nd International Semantic Web Conference
    (ISWC 2003), Web. (Short paper). 20-23 October 2003, Sanibel
    Island, Florida, USA</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Towards Interactive Composition of Semantic Web
    Services (Two Page Poster)"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/scec/cat-poster.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>CAT</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>2nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2003),
    Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, 2003</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Workflow Management in GriPhyN"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~deelman/Pegasus/grm_chapter.pdf</url>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carl Kesselman</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Grid Resource Management, J. Nabrzyski, J. Schopf, and
    J. Weglarz editors, Kluwer, 2003</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Proactive Acquisition from Tutoring and Learning
    Principles"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/slick/papers/kim-gil-AIEd-2003.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Kasper</project>
    <project>SLICK</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the AI in Education (AIEd-2003), Sydney,
    Australia, 2003</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"The Role of Planning in Grid Computing"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/grid-icaps03.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
    Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS) June 9-13, 2003,
    Trento, Italy</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carl Kesselman</person>
    <person>Amit Agarwal</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Karan Vahi</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Mapping Abstract Complex Workflows onto Grid
    Environments"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/grid-computing-03.pdf</url>
    <where>Journal of Grid Computing, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2003</where>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carl Kesselman</person>
    <person>Gaurang Mehta</person>
    <person>Karan Vahi</person>
    <person>Albert Lazzarini</person>
    <person>Adam Arbree</person>
    <person>Richard Cavanaugh</person>
    <person>Scott Koranda</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Transparent Grid Computing: A Knowledge-Based
    Approach"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/pdf/iaai03.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Innovative
    Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI), August 12-15,
    2003, Acapulco, Mexico</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Ewa Deelman</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Carl Kesselman</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>SCEC/IT</project>
    <project>Cognitive Grids</project>
    <project>Pegasus</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Supporting Plan Authoring and Analysis"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/kim-blythe-iui-2003.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Kasper</project>
    <project>KANAL</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
    Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2003)</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Deriving Acquisition Principles from Tutoring
    Principles"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/Tutoring-Learning-Principles-Kim-Gil-02.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Kasper</project>
    <project>SLICK</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems
    Conference (ITS), Biarritz, France, June 2002</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Visual Exploration and Incremental Utility
    Elicitation"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/blythe-aaai02.pdf</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Eighteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-02) 526-532</where>
    <project>Temple</project>
    <project>Constable</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Incremental utility elicitation (IUE) is a
    decision-theoretic framework in which tools simultaneously make
    suggestions to a human decision maker based on an incomplete
    model of the decision maker's utility function, and update the
    model based on feedback from the user. Most systems that
    perform IUE construct and ask questions about a small number of
    alternatives in order to build a model of the user's
    preferences. We describe a system called VEIL that is based on
    visual exploration of the available alternatives and provides
    visual cues about their estimated utility based on IUE. VEIL
    uses a linear programming formulation to make fast updates to
    the utility estimate based on the user's expressed preferences
    between pairs of alternatives. In experiments, VEIL's update
    method converges quickly to make good suggestions and help the
    user form an overall impression of the space of
    alternatives.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>TRELLIS: An Interactive Tool for Capturing Information
    Analysis and Decision Making</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/trellis-ekaw02.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
    Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Siguenza,
    Spain, October 1-4, 2002.</where>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>IKRAFT: Interactive Knowledge Representation and
    Acquisition from Text</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/ikraft-ekaw02.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
    Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Siguenza,
    Spain, October 1-4, 2002.</where>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Interactive Knowledge Acqusition Tools: A Tutoring
    Perspective"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/Interactive-KA-Tools-gil-kim-02.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Kasper</project>
    <project>SLICK</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
    Science Society (CogSci-2002), Fairfax, VA, August 8-10,
    2002.</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>Agent Technology to Support Human Organizations</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/elves-aimag02.pdf</url>
    <person>Hans Chalupsky</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Craig Knoblock</person>
    <person>Kristina Lerman</person>
    <person>Jean Oh</person>
    <person>David Pynadath</person>
    <person>Tom Russ</person>
    <person>Milind Tambe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>AI Magazine, Vol 23, No 2, Summer 2002.</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Trusting Information Sources One Citizen at a
    Time"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/web/semanticweb/iswc02_trellis.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web
    Conference (ISWC), Sardinia, Italy, June 2002 : 162-176</where>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>A Comparison of (Semantic) Markup Languages,</title>
    <url>
    http://trellis.semanticweb.org/expect/web/semanticweb/comparison.html</url>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the 15th International FLAIRS Conference,
    Special Track on Semantic Web, Pensacola, FL, May 2002.</where>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Trellis: An Interactive Tool for Capturing Information
    Analysis and Decision Making (Internal Report)"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/web/trellis/Trellis-8-01.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Varun Ratnakar</person>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Electric Elves: Applying agent technology to support
    human organizations."</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/aa01.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference on
    Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-2001)
    Seattle, WA, August 2001.</where>
    <person>Hans Chalupsky</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Craig A. Knoblock</person>
    <person>Kristina Lerman</person>
    <person>Jean Oh</person>
    <person>David V. Pynadath</person>
    <person>Thomas A. Russ</person>
    <person>Milind Tambe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>The operation of a human organization requires dozens
    of everyday tasks to ensure coherence in organizational
    activities, to monitor the status of such activities, to gather
    information relevant to the organization, to keep everyone in
    the organization informed, etc. Teams of software agents can
    aid humans in accomplishing these tasks, facilitating the
    organization's coherent functioning and rapid response to
    crises, while reducing the burden on humans. Based on this
    vision, this paper reports on Electric Elves, a system that has
    been operational, 24/7, at our research institute since June 1,
    2000. Tied to individual user workstations, fax machines,
    voice, mobile devices such as cell phones and palm pilots,
    Electric Elves has assisted us in routine tasks, such as
    rescheduling meetings, selecting presenters for research
    meetings, tracking people's locations, organizing lunch
    meetings, etc. We discuss the underlying AI technologies that
    led to the success of Electric Elves, including technologies
    devoted to agent-human interactions, agent coordination,
    accessing multiple heterogeneous information sources, dynamic
    assignment of organizational tasks, and deriving information
    about organization members. We also report the results of
    deploying Electric Elves in our own research
    organization.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"User Studies of Knowledge Acquisition Tools:
    Methodology and Lessons Learned"</title>
    <url></url>
    <where>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
    Intelligence (JETAI), Vol 13, pp 359-378, 2001</where>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>EMeD</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>The area of knowledge acquisition research concerned
    with the development of knowledge acquisition (KA) tools is in
    need of a methodological approach to evaluation. Efforts such
    as the Sisyphus experiments have been useful to illustrate
    particular approaches, but have not served in practice as
    testbeds for comparing and evaluating different alternative
    approaches. This paper describes our experimental methodology
    to conduct studies and experiments of users modifying knowledge
    bases with KA tools. We also report the lessons learned from
    several experiments that we have performed. Our hope is that it
    will help others design or improve future user evaluations of
    KA tools. We found that performing these experiments is
    particularly hard because of difficulties in controlling
    factors that are unrelated to the particular claims being
    tested. We discuss our ideas for improving our current
    methodology and some open issues that remain.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Integrated Environment for Knowledge
    Acquisition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/blythe-kim-rama-gil-iui01.pdf</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Surya Ramachandran</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Temple</project>
    <project>English method editor</project>
    <project>Constable</project>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>EMeD</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on
    Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2001), Santa Fe, New Mexico,
    January 2001. 
    <b>Recipient of the Best Paper Award</b></where>
    <abstract>This paper describes an integrated acquisition
    interface that includes several techniques previously developed
    to support users in various ways as they add new knowledge to
    an intelligent system. As a result of this integration, the
    individual techniques can take better advantage of the context
    in which they are invoked and provide stronger guidance to
    users. We describe the current implementation using examples
    from a travel planning domain, and demonstrate how users can
    add complex knowledge to the system.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Knowledge Mobility: Semantics for the Web as a White
    Knight for Knowledge-Based Systems"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/gil-seweb-book-01.pdf</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <where>"Spinning the Semantic Web", D.Fensel, J. Hendler, H.
    Lieberman, W. Whalster(Eds), MIT Press</where>
    <project>Trellis</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Integrating Expectations from Different Sources to Help
    End Users Acquire Procedural Knowledge"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/blythe-ijcai01.pdf</url>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
    Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-01)
    943-952</where>
    <project>Temple</project>
    <project>English method editor</project>
    <project>Constable</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>Tailor</project>
    <abstract>Role-limiting approaches using explicit theories of
    problem-solving have been successful for acquiring knowledge
    from domain experts. However most systems using this approach
    do not support acquiring procedural knowledge, only instance
    and type information. Approaches using interdependencies among
    different pieces of knowledge have been successful for
    acquiring procedural knowledge, but these approaches usually do
    not provide all the support that domain experts require. We
    show how the two approaches can be combined in such a way that
    each benefits from information provided by the other. We extend
    the role-limiting approach with a knowledge acquisition tool
    that dynamically generates questions for the user based on the
    problem solving method. This allows a more flexible interaction
    pattern. When users add knowledge, this tool generates
    expectations for the procedural knowledge that is to be added.
    When these procedures are refined, new expectations are created
    from interdependency models that in turn refine the information
    used by the system. The implemented KA tool provides broader
    support than previously implemented systems. Preliminary
    evaluations in a travel planning domain show that users who are
    not programmers can, with little training, specify executable
    procedural knowledge to customize an intelligent
    system.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Knowledge Analysis on Process Models"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/kim-gil-ijcai01.pdf</url>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Kasper</project>
    <project>KANAL</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
    Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001), Seattle,
    WA, August 2001</where>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"PHOSPHORUS: A Task-Based Agent Matchmaker"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/aa01.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
    Autonomous Agents (Agents'01) (Short paper) Montreal, Canada,
    May 28-June 1, 2001</where>
    <person>Surya Ramachandran</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>PHOSPHORUS is an agent matchmaking service that
    exploits domain ontologies, description logic, and a highly
    declarative language to reason about task-related agent
    capabilities. PHOSPHORUS uses the Expect goal language to
    represent the tasks that agents are capable of accomplishing,
    as well as requests to locate agents with a required
    capability. PHOSPHORUS supports matching through subsumption,
    reverse subsumption, and several kinds of goal
    reformulation.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Acquiring Procedural Knowledge in Expect"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/expect-aaai-fall00.pdf</url>
    <where>AAAI 2000 fall symposium on Learning How to Do
    Things</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Surya Ramachandran</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>The Expect project has focused on acquiring
    problem-solving knowledge for users for the last decade, using
    an expressive language that is open to inspection. Our aim has
    been to alleviate the bottleneck in creating knowledge-based
    systems by providing support for both knowledge engineers and
    end users to specify problem-solving knowledge. In this paper
    we summarize selected areas of current research where we focus
    on end users, and highlight some of the research questions that
    arise from them. We also summarize some of the results from
    experiments with end users using our tools.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"How Can a Structured Representation of Capabilities
    Help in Planning?"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/gil-blythe-aaai00-1.pdf</url>
    <where>AAAI 2000 workshop on Representational Issues for
    Real-world Planning Systems. Austin, TX, July 31, 2000.</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>In order to support a wide range of planning-related
    activities, we argue that plan and action representations must
    move to a more expressive language for goals and capabilities
    than is found in most current systems. A structured
    representation for capabilities can make explicit a hierarchy
    of capabilities based on subsumption, resulting in benefits for
    reasoning, representing, and acquiring operators and plans. By
    making capabilities more easily understandable to humans, such
    a representation can also benefit mixed-initiative approaches.
    We present a structured representation of capabilities and a
    subsumption-based matcher for it. We then describe three
    existing systems that use this approach in different kinds of
    planning tasks and tools. We finish with a discussion of how
    plan generation systems can benefit from using this
    representation.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"OntoMorph: A Translation System for Symbolic
    Knowledge"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
    Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR-2000),
    Breckenridge, CO, April 2000</where>
    <person>Chalupsky H.</person>
    <project>Rosetta</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Problem-Solving Method for Plan Evaluation and
    Critiquing"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the International Knowledge Acquisition
    Workshop, Banff, October 1999</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/blythe-gil-kaw99.pdf</url>
    <project>Evaluation</project>
    <project>Planet</project>
    <project>Constable</project>
    <project>Temple</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>As intelligent systems become larger and work in
    increasingly more complex and knowledge intensive environments,
    it becomes impractical to develop knowledge bases from scratch.
    A practical alternative is to develop knowledge bases out of
    reusable components, either ontologies or domain-independent
    problem solving methods. This paper describes a reusable
    knowledge base of general principles about plan evaluation and
    critiquing. It includes ontologies to represent plans and
    critiques, an ontology of evaluation criteria, and
    problem-solving knowledge about how to evaluate plans with
    respect to those criteria. Currently, the evaluation criteria
    analyze various aspects of the plan structure and its use of
    resources. We performed a study of three evaluation and
    critiquing task domains, and found that our framework covers
    approximately 75 percent of the critiquing criteria related to
    plan structure and resource use (and over 90 percent within the
    framework's declared scope). Our framework also enables a
    systematic approach to the development of plan evaluation tools
    by following the organization of the criteria in the
    method.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Acquiring Problem-Solving Knowledge from End Users:
    Putting Interdependency Models to the Test"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/kim-gil-aaai-2000.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of Fifteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000), Austin, TX, July 30-August
    3, 2000</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>EMeD</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Developing tools that allow non-programmers to enter
    knowledge has been an ongoing challenge for AI. In recent years
    researchers have investigated a variety of promising approaches
    to knowledge acquisition (KA), but they have often been driven
    by the needs of knowledge engineers rather than by end users.
    This paper reports on a series of experiments that we conducted
    in order to understand how far a particular KA tool that we are
    developing is from meeting the needs of end users, and to
    collect valuable feedback to motivate our future research. This
    KA tool, called EMeD, exploits Interdependency Models derived
    from a knowledge base in order to guide users in specifying
    problem-solving knowledge. One of the challenges of this work
    is to devise a methodology and experimental procedure for
    conducting user studies of knowledge acquisition tools. We
    describe how our experiments helped us address several
    questions and hypotheses regarding the acquisition of
    problem-solving knowledge from end users and the benefits of
    Interdependency Models, and discuss what we learned in terms of
    improving not only our KA tools but also about KA
    research.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"PLANET: A Shareable and Reusable Ontology for
    Representing Plans"</title>
    <where>AAAI 2000 Workshop on Representational Issues for
    Real-World Planning Systems, Austin, TX, July 2000</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/gil-blythe-aaai00-2.pdf</url>
    <project>Rosetta</project>
    <project>Planet</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Ontologies are becoming a recognized vehicle for
    knowledge reuse, knowledge sharing, and modeling. This paper
    presents PLANET, an ontology for representing plans. To show
    that PLANET is a comprehensive ontology that can be reused to
    build new applications, we describe several specializations of
    it to represent plans in three different real-world domains
    that were made by adding minor extensions to PLANET's general
    definitions and classes. In past work, we have developed
    several plan evaluation systems in these domains, and have
    integrated them in several occasions with plan editors and plan
    generation systems. For each of these integrations, and often
    for each system in the integration, a new format for exchanging
    plans was devised. PLANET can represent all of the plans that
    we and others have used in these domains, providing a standard
    universal format for knowledge sharing that can be used as an
    interlingua in integrated planning applications. Finally, the
    paper discusses how we have used PLANET as a knowledge
    modelling tool to design representations for courses of action
    in a military domain, guiding us to make useful distinctions
    and modelling choices.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"User Studies of an Interdependency-Based Interface for
    Acquiring Problem-Solving Knowledge"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/kim-gil-iui-2000.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the International Conference on
    Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2000), New Orleans, LA,
    January 9-12, 2000.</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>EMeD</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>This paper describes a series of experiments with a
    range of users to evaluate an intelligent interface for
    acquiring problem-solving knowledge to describe how to
    accomplish a task. The tool derives the interdependencies
    between different pieces of knowledge in the system and uses
    them to guide the user in completing the acquisition task. The
    paper describes results obtained when the tool was tested with
    a wide range of users, including end users. The studies show
    that our acquisition interface saves users an average of 32% of
    the time it takes to add new knowledge, and highlight some
    interesting differences across user groups. The paper also
    describes what are the areas that need to be addressed in
    future research in order to make these tools usable by end
    users.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Representing Capabilities of Problem-Solving
    Methods"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/swartout-ijcai99.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of 1999 IJCAI Workshop on Ontologies and
    Problem-Solving Methods</where>
    <person>William Swartout</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"On the Role of Humans in Enterprise Control Systems:
    the Experience of INSPECT"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/jfacc-aec.pdf</url>
    <where>First DARPA-JFACC Symposium on Advances in Enterprise
    Control, San Diego, CA, November 1999.</where>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William Swartout</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>In this paper, we use the example of a successful
    mixed-initiative plan evaluation tool for the domain of air
    campaign planning to argue that the human-in-the-loop is an
    important feature of enterprise control systems. Our tool,
    called INSPECT, evaluates air campaign plans and alerts the
    user about inconsistencies and potential problems. A
    generalization of INSPECT called PSMTool is also capable of
    limited interaction with a subject matter expert to capture new
    critiques of plans. The paper describes our work on INSPECT and
    PSMTool, analyzes the key contributions of these tools, and
    draws some conclusions about the role of mixed-initiative tools
    in enterprise control systems.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Designing Scripts to Guide Users in Modifying
    Knowledge-Based Systems"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/tallis-gil-aaai99.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99), Orlando, FL, July 19-22,
    1999.</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Knowledge Acquisition (KA) Scripts capture typical
    modification sequences that users follow when they modify
    knowledge bases. KA tools can use these Scripts to guide users
    in making these modifications, ensuring that they follow all
    the ramifications of the change until it is completed. This
    paper describes our approach to design, develop, and organize a
    library of KA Scripts. We report the results of three different
    analysis to develop this library, including a detailed study of
    actual modification scenarios in two knowledge bases. In
    addition to identifying a good number of KA Scripts, we found a
    set of useful attributes to describe and organize the KA
    Scripts. These attributes allow us to analyze the size of the
    library and generate new KA Scripts in a systematic way. We
    have implemented a portion of this library and conducted two
    different studies to evaluate it. The result of this evaluation
    showed a 15 to 52 percent time savings in modifying knowledge
    bases and that the library included relevant and useful KA
    Scripts to assist users in realistic settings.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Knowledge Acquisition for Configuration Tasks: The
    Expect Approach"</title>
    <url></url>
    <where>Proceedings of Workshop on Configuration,
    AAAI-99</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Surya Ramachandran</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Configuration systems often use large and complex
    knowledge bases that need to be maintained and extended over
    time. The explicit representation of problem-solving knowledge
    and factual knowledge can greatly enhance the role of a
    knowledge acquisition tool by deriving from the current
    knowledge base, the knowledge gaps that must be resolved. This
    paper details Expect's approach to knowledge acquisition in the
    configuration domain using the propose-and-revise strategy as
    an example. Expect supports users in a variety of KA tasks like
    filling knowledge roles, making modifications to the knowledge
    base including entering new components, classes and even
    adapting problem-solving strategies for new tasks. Expect's
    guidance changes as the knowledge base changes, providing a
    more flexible approach to knowledge acquisition. The paper also
    examines the possible use of Expect as a KA tool in the complex
    and real world domain of computer configuration.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Deriving Expectations to Guide Knowledge Base
    Creation"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/kim-gil-aaai99.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99), Orlando, FL, July 19-22,
    1999.</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>EMeD</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Successful approaches to developing knowledge
    acquisition tools use expectations of what the user has to add
    or may want to add, based on how new knowledge fits within a
    knowledge base that already exists. When a knowledge base is
    first created or undergoes significant extensions and changes,
    these tools cannot provide much support. This paper presents an
    approach to creating expectations when a new knowledge base is
    built, and describes a knowledge acquisition tool that we
    implemented using this approach that supports users in creating
    problem-solving knowledge. As the knowledge base grows, the
    knowledge acquisition tool derives more frequent and more
    reliable expectations that result from enforcing constraints in
    the knowledge representation system, looking for missing pieces
    of knowledge in the knowledge base, and working out
    incrementally the inter-dependencies among the different
    components of the knowledge base. Our preliminary evaluations
    show a thirty percent time savings during knowledge
    acquisition. Moreover, by providing tools to support the
    initial phases of knowledge base development, many mistakes are
    detected early on and even avoided altogether. We believe that
    our approach contributes to improving the quality of the
    knowledge acquisition process and of the resulting
    knowledge-based systems as well.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Knowledge Acquisition using an English-Based Method
    Editor"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/blythe-ramachandran-kaw99.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Tenth Banff Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (KAW-99)</where>
    <person>Surya Ramachandran</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Temple</project>
    <project>Constable</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <project>English method editor</project>
    <abstract>We describe an editor for problem-solving knowledge
    that communicates with the user through English paraphrases of
    the knowledge. Although it does not support the full range of
    modifications one might want to make, the value of the tool
    lies in the fact that the user need not understand the syntax
    of the expert system to make modifications. By analyzing the
    problem-solving knowledge, the tool can allow the user to
    select semantically coherent chunks of the knowledge. It then
    presents English paraphrases of possible substitutions that
    would result in new problem-solving knowledge that is
    syntactically correct. In this way the tool expands the range
    of modifications that a naive user can make to problem-solving
    knowledge in an expert system.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"User Studies of Knowledge Acquisition Tools:
    Methodology and Lessons Learned"</title>
    <url></url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Tenth Banff Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (KAW-99), Banff, Alberta,
    Canada, April 1999</where>
    <person>Jihie Kim</person>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>The area of knowledge acquisition research concerned
    with the development of knowledge acquisition (KA) tools is in
    need of a methodological approach to evaluation. Efforts such
    as the Sisyphus experiments have been useful to illustrate
    particular approaches, but have not served in practice as
    testbeds for comparing and evaluating different alternative
    approaches. This paper describes our experimental methodology
    to conduct studies and experiments of users modifying knowledge
    bases with KA tools. We also report the lessons learned from
    several experiments that we have performed. Our hope is that it
    will help others design or improve future user evaluations of
    KA tools. We found that performing these experiments is
    particularly hard because of difficulties in controlling
    factors that are unrelated to the particular claims being
    tested. We discuss our ideas for improving our current
    methodology and some open issues that remain.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Decision-Theoretic Planning"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/pdf/AIMag-DTP.pdf</url>
    <where>AI Magazine, Summer 1999</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>The recent advances in computer speed and algorithms
    for probabilistic inference have led to a resurgence of work on
    planning under uncertainty. The aim is to design AI planners
    for environments where there may be incomplete or faulty
    information, where actions may not always have the same results
    and where there may be tradeoffs between the different possible
    outcomes of a plan. Addressing uncertainty in AI planning
    algorithms will greatly increase the range of potential
    applications but there is plenty of work to be done before we
    see practical decision-theoretic planning systems. This article
    outlines some of the challenges that need to be overcome and
    surveys some of the recent work in the area.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Supporting Translation Among Planning Agents" (internal
    project report, in preparation)</title>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Hans Chalupsky</person>
    <person>R. MacGregor</person>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Analysis of the CoABS TIE-1 Messages: Opportunities
    and Challenges for Agent Translation Services" (in
    preparation)</title>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Complete Bidirectional Planner", proceedings of the
    Fourth Conference on AI Planning Systems, 1998 ( Abstract and
    postscript)</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/rasputin.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on AI Planning
    Systems, 1998</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Eugene Fink</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Script-Based Approach to Modifying Knowledge-Based
    Systems"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/tallis-kaw98.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Ninth Banff Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (KAW-98), Banff, Alberta,
    Canada, April 1998</where>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Modifying knowledge-based systems (KBSs) is a complex
    activity. One of its difficulties is that several related
    portions of the KBS might have to be changed in order to
    maintain the coherence of the system. However, it is difficult
    for users to figure out what has to be changed and how. This
    paper presents a novel approach for building knowledge
    acquisition (KA) tools that overcomes some of the limitations
    of current approaches. In this approach, knowledge of
    prototypical procedures for modifying KBSs is used to guide
    users in changing all related portions of a KBS. These
    procedures, which we call knowledge acquisition scripts (or KA
    Scripts), capture how related portions of a KBS can be changed
    coordinately. By using KA scripts, a KA tool would be able to
    relate individual changes in different parts of a KBS, enabling
    the analysis of each individual change from the perspective of
    the overall modification. The paper also describes the
    implementation of ETM: a script-based tool that builds on the
    Expect framework for building KBSs (Gil, 1994), discusses how
    we have addressed some important issues of this approach, and
    describes a preliminary empirical evaluation of ETM that shows
    that KA Scripts allow users to perform KBSs modification tasks
    more efficiently.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Representation and Library for Force Support
    Objectives in Air Campaign Plans"</title>
    <where>USC/ISI Technical Report, 1998</where>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Script-Based Approach to Modifying Knowledge
    Bases"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/gil-tallis-aaai97.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-97), Providence, RI, July 27-31,
    1997</where>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Our goal is to build knowledge acquisition tools that
    support users in modifying knowledge-based systems. These
    modifications may require several individual changes to various
    components of the knowledge base, which need to be carefully
    coordinated to prevent users from leaving the knowledge-based
    system in an unusable state. This paper describes an approach
    to building knowledge acquisition tools which capture knowledge
    about commonly occurring modification sequences and support
    users in completing the modifications they start. These
    sequences, which we call KA Scripts, relate individual changes
    and the effects that they have on the knowledge base. We
    discuss our experience in designing and compiling a library of
    KA Scripts. We also describe the implementation of a tool that
    uses them and our preliminary evaluations that demonstrate
    their usability.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Script-Based Approach to Modifying Knowledge-Based
    Systems"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/papers/tallis-ijhcs.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-97), Providence, RI, July 27-31,
    1997.</where>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Modifying knowledge-based systems is a complex
    activity. One of its difficulties is that several related
    portions of the system might have to be changed in order to
    maintain the coherence of the system. However, it is difficult
    for users to figure out what has to be changed and how. This
    paper presents a novel approach for building knowledge
    acquisition tools that overcomes some of the limitations of
    current approaches. In this approach, knowledge of prototypical
    procedures for modifying knowledge-based systems is used to
    guide users in changing all related portions of a system. These
    procedures, which we call knowledge acquisition scripts (or KA
    Scripts), capture how related portions of a knowledge-based
    system can be changed coordinately. By using KA scripts, a
    knowledge acquisition tool would be able to relate individual
    changes in different parts of a system, enabling the analysis
    of each individual change from the perspective of the overall
    modification. The paper also describes the implementation of
    ETM: a script-based tool that builds on the Expect framework
    for building knowledge-based systems, discusses how we have
    addressed some important issues of this approach, and describes
    a preliminary empirical evaluation of ETM that shows that KA
    Scripts allow users to perform knowledge-based systems
    modification tasks more efficiently.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"INSPECT: A Tool to Evaluate Air Campaign Plans"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/inspect-paper.pdf</url>
    <where>Internal Project Report, 1997</where>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William Swartout</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>INSPECT is a mixed-initiative plan evaluation tool in
    the domain of air campaign planning that has been a central
    component of several major DARPA demonstrations of integrated
    planning environments and tools. The creation process of an air
    campaign plan is manually driven at its higher levels, and
    because plans are complex and always changing they often (our
    experience says always) contain errors or inconsistencies.
    INSPECT evaluates user-generated plans and alerts the user
    about inconsistencies and potential problems. INSPECT has
    received wide acceptance by air campaign planning experts, and
    is currently undergoing new extensions and further integrations
    with other tools in this domain. The paper describes our work
    on INSPECT, analyzes the key contributions of this tool, and
    draws some conclusions about the design and integration of
    planning applications.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Analogical Replay for Efficient Conditional
    Planning"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of AAAI-97</where>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Toward Distributed Use of Large-Scale
    Ontologies"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the Tenth Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop, November 9-14, 1996</where>
    <person>Bill Swartout</person>
    <person>Ramesh Patil</person>
    <person>Tom Russ</person>
    <person>Kevin Knight</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>If we could share knowledge across systems, costs
    would be reduced. However, because knowledge bases are
    typically constructed from scratch, each with their own
    idiosyncratic structure, sharing is difficult. Recent research
    has focused on the use of ontologies to promote sharing. An
    ontology is a hierarchically structured set of terms for
    describing a domain that can be used as a skeletal foundation
    for a knowledge base. If two knowledge bases are built on a
    common ontology, knowledge can be more readily shared, since
    they share a common underlying structure. This paper outlines a
    set of desiderata for ontologies, and then describes how we
    have used a large-scale (50,000+ concept) ontology to develop a
    specialized, domain-specific ontology semi-automatically. We
    then discuss the relation between ontologies and the process of
    developing a system, arguing that to be useful, an ontology
    needs to be created as a "living document", whose development
    is tightly integrated with the system's. We conclude with a
    discussion of Web-based ontology tools we are developing to
    support this approach.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Learning to Improve Uncertainty Handling in a Hybrid
    Planning System", Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on
    Learning Complex Behaviors in Intelligent Adaptive Systems,
    1996 ( postscript file)</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/postscript/fall96.ps</url>
    <where></where>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Weaver is a hybrid planning algorithm that can create
    plans in domains that include uncertainty, modelled either as
    incomplete knowledge of the initial state of the world, of the
    effects of plan steps or of the possible external events. The
    plans are guaranteed to exceed some given threshold probability
    of success. Weaver creates a Bayesian network representation of
    a plan to evaluate it, in which links corresponding to
    sequences of events are computed with Markov models. As well as
    the probability of success, evaluation produces a set of flaws
    in the candidate plan, which are used by the planner to improve
    it. We describe a learning method that generates control
    knowledge compiled from this probabilistic evaluation of plans.
    The output of the learner is search control knowledge for the
    planning domain that helps the planner select alternatives that
    have previously lead to plans with high probability of success.
    The learned control knowledge is incrementally refined by a
    combined deductive and inductive mechanism.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Explicit Representations of Problem-Solving Strategies
    to Support Knowledge Acquisition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/gil-melz-aaai96.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96), Portland, OR, August 4-8,
    1996</where>
    <person>Eric Melz</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Role-limiting approaches support knowledge
    acquisition (KA) by centering knowledge base construction on
    common types of tasks or domain-independent problem-solving
    strategies. Within a particular problem-solving strategy,
    domain-dependent knowledge plays specific roles. A KA tool then
    helps a user to fill these roles. Although role-limiting
    approaches are useful for guiding KA, they are limited because
    they only support users in filling knowledge roles that have
    been built in by the designers of the KA system. Expect takes a
    different approach to KA by representing problem-solving
    knowledge explicitly, and deriving from the current knowledge
    base the knowledge gaps that must be resolved by the user
    during KA. This paper contrasts role-limiting approaches and
    Expect's approach, using the propose-and-revise strategy as an
    example. Expect not only supports users in filling knowledge
    roles, but also provides support in 1) adapting the
    problem-solving strategy, 2) changing the types of information
    to be acquired about a knowledge role, 3) adding new knowledge
    roles, and 4) acquiring additional background information about
    the domain needed by the knowledge-based system. Expect's
    guidance changes as the knowledge base changes, providing a
    more flexible approach to knowledge acquisition. This work
    provides evidence supporting the need for explicit
    representations in building knowledge-based systems.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Expect: A User-Centered Environment for the Development
    and Adaptation of Knowledge-Based Planning Aids"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/swartout-gil-arpi96.pdf</url>
    <where>Advanced Planning Technology: Technological Achievements
    of the ARPA/Rome Laboratory Planning Initiative, Austin Tate
    (Ed), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1996.</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William Swartout</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Expect provides an environment for developing
    knowledge-based systems that allows end-users to add new
    knowledge without needing to understand the details of system
    organization and implementation. The key to Expect's approach
    is that it understands the structure of the knowledge-based
    system being built: how it solves problems and what knowledge
    it needs to support problem-solving. Expect uses this
    information to guide users in maintaining the knowledge-based
    system. We have used Expect to develop a tool for evaluating
    transportation plans.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Flexible Knowledge Acquisition Through Explicit
    Representation of Knowledge Roles"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/swartout-gil-sss96.pdf</url>
    <where>1996 AAAI Spring Symposium on Acquisition, Learning, and
    Demonstration: Automating Tasks for Users, Stanford, CA, March
    1996</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William Swartout</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>A system that acquires knowledge from a user should
    be able to reflect upon the knowledge that it has - at each
    moment - and understand what kinds of new knowledge it needs to
    learn. For the past two decades, research in the area of
    knowledge acquisition has been moving towards systems that have
    access to richer representations of knowledge about their task.
    This paper reviews some well-known knowledge acquisition tools
    representative of this trend. It also describes our recent work
    in Expect, a system with explicit representations of knowledge
    about the task and the domain that supports knowledge
    acquisition for a wider range of tasks and applications than
    its predecessors. We hope our observations will be useful to
    researchers in user interfaces and in machine learning
    concerned with acquiring information from users.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Learning to Improve Uncertainty Handling in a Hybrid
    Planning System"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/fall96.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Learning
    Complex Behaviors in Intelligent Adaptive Systems, 1996</where>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Representation for Efficient Planning in Dynamic
    Domains with External Events"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/ws96.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the AAAI workshop on Theories of action,
    Planning and Control: Bridging the gap, 1996</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Planning Experiments: Resolving Interactions between
    Two Planning Spaces"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/gil-aips96.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-96), May 29-31,
    1996, Edinburgh, Scotland</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Event-based decompositions for reasoning about external
    change in planners"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/aips96.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
    Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-96), May 29-31,
    1996, Edinburgh, Scotland</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"INSPECT: an Intelligent System for Air Campaign Plan
    Evaluation based on Expect"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/inspect/inspect.html</url>
    <where>1996</where>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>William R. Swartout</person>
    <project>Inspect</project>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Transaction-Based Knowledge Acquisition: Complex
    Modifications Made Easier"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/gil-tallis-kaw95.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Ninth Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop, February 26-March 3,
    1995</where>
    <person>Marcelo Tallis</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Our goal is to build knowledge acquisition tools that
    support users in making a broad range of changes to a knowledge
    base, including both factual and problem-solving knowledge.
    These changes may require several individual modifications to
    various parts of the knowledge base, that need to be carefully
    coordinated to prevent users from introducing errors in the
    knowledge base. Thus, it becomes essential that our KA tools
    understand the consequences of each kind of change that the
    user may initiate, detect any harmful side-effects that can be
    introduced in the system, and guide the user in resolving them.
    To address this issue, we have developed a transaction-based
    approach to knowledge acquisition that can support users in
    making complex modifications to a knowledge base. A transaction
    is a sequence of changes that together modify some aspect of
    the behavior of a knowledge-based system, and that when only
    partially carried out may leave the knowledge base in an
    undesirable state. If a user executes a transaction partially,
    the knowledge acquisition tool must provide guidance to finish
    it and support the user in achieving the desired modification.
    This paper also describes our work in extending Expect's
    knowledge acquisition tool to support transaction-based
    mechanisms. Expect tracks the possible problems that arise as a
    consequence of each individual change to the knowledge base,
    keeps information about the context of each change, and uses
    this context to resolve the problems detected and to request
    the user's intervention if additional information is
    needed.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Expect: Explicit Representations for Flexible
    Acquisition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/swartout-gil-kaw95.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Ninth Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop, February 26-March 3,
    1995</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Bill Swartout</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>To create more powerful knowledge acquisition
    systems, we not only need better acquisition tools, but we need
    to change the architecture of the knowledge based systems we
    create so that their structure will provide better support for
    acquisition. Current acquisition tools permit users to modify
    factual knowledge but they provide limited support for
    modifying problem solving knowledge. In this paper, we argue
    that this limitation (and others) stem from the use of
    incomplete models of problem solving knowledge and inflexible
    specification of the interdependencies between problem solving
    and factual knowledge. We describe the Expect architecture
    which addresses these problems by providing an explicit
    representation for problem solving knowledge and intent. Using
    this more explicit representation, Expect can automatically
    derive the interdependencies between problem solving and
    factual knowledge. By deriving these interdependencies from the
    structure of the system itself Expect supports more flexible
    and powerful knowledge acquisition.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"The footprint principle for heuristics for
    probabilistic planners"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/ewsp95.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the European Workshop on Planning,
    1995</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Integrating Planning and Learning: The PRODIGY
    Architecture"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/jetai95.html</url>
    <where>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI, 7(1)
    1995</where>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <person>Jaime Carbonell</person>
    <person>Alicia Perez</person>
    <person>Daniel Borrajo</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Eugene Fink</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Planning and Learning in PRODIGY: Overview of an
    Integrated Architecture"</title>
    <where>Goal-Driven Learning. Aswin Ram and David Leake (Eds),
    MIT Press, Boston, MA, 1995</where>
    <person>Jaime Carbonell</person>
    <person>Oren Etzioni</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Robert Joseph</person>
    <person>Craig Knoblock</person>
    <person>Steven Minton</person>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Acquiring Criteria for Plan Quality Control"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/95-aaai-plan-quality.ps</url>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on "Planning Applications",
    Stanford, CA, March 1995</where>
    <person>Brian Drabble</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Austin Tate</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"AI Planning in Dynamic, Uncertain Domains"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/spring95.html</url>
    <where>AAAI Spring Symposium on "Extending Theories of Action",
    Stanford, CA, March 1995</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Specification of Manufacturing Processes for
    Planning"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-processp91.ps</url>
    <where>Technical Report CMU-CS-91-179, School of Computer
    Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213,
    1995</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Dimensions to Analyze Applications"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/gil-linster-kaw95.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Ninth Knowledge Acquisition for
    Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop, February 26-March 3,
    1995</where>
    <person>Marc Linster</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"On Analyzing Planning Applications"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/gil-linster-fss94.ps</url>
    <where>AAAI Fall Symposium on "Planning and Learning: On to
    Real Applications", New Orleans, LA, November 1994</where>
    <person>Marc Linster</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>It is hard to evaluate in current planning
    applications what aspects of the approach address each of the
    complexities of the problem. This results from the fact that
    the planning community is lacking a vocabulary to describe
    planning tasks and applications. This work is an effort towards
    descriptions of planning applications in terms that are useful
    1) to extract conclusions from particular implementations, 2)
    to facilitate cross-comparisons among different planners
    applied to the same problem, and 3) to facilitate comparisons
    among different tasks. We analyze the Sisyphus experience, a
    3-year old and still ongoing effort in the knowledge
    acquisition community to enable a cross-comparison of their
    application systems as they implement a common pre-stated
    problem description. Based on this experience, we propose a set
    of dimensions to describe applications that distinghish between
    descriptions of the properties of the architecture, the type of
    problem, and the data sets. We show how they can be used to
    produce useful distictions in the context of the first Sisyphus
    task, which was an office assignment problem. Our hope is that
    the same dimensions will be useful to other researchers in
    describing and characterizing their applications, as well as a
    useful point of comparison for future Sisyphus
    efforts.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Knowledge Refinement in a Reflective
    Architecture"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/gil-aaai94.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference of
    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), Seattle, WA, August
    1994</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Expect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>A knowledge acquisition tool should provide a user
    with maximum guidance in extending and debugging a knowledge
    base, by preventing inconsistencies and knowledge gaps that may
    arise inadvertently. Most current acquisition tools are not
    very flexible in that they are built for a predetermined
    inference structure or problem-solving mechanism, and the
    guidance they provide is specific to that inference structure
    and hard-coded by their designer. This paper focuses on Expect,
    a reflective architecture that supports knowledge acquisition
    based on an explicit analysis of the structure of a
    knowledge-based system, rather than on a fixed set of
    acquisition guidelines. Expect's problem solver is tightly
    integrated with LOOM, a state-of-the-art knowledge
    representation system. Domain facts and goals are represented
    declaratively, and the problem solver keeps records of their
    functionality within the task domain. When the user corrects
    the system's knowledge, Expect tracks any possible implications
    of this change in the overall system and cooperates with the
    user to correct any potential problems that may arise. The key
    to the flexibility of this knowledge acquisition tool is that
    it adapts its guidance as the knowledge bases evolve in
    response to changes introduced by the user.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Towards Method-Independent Knowledge
    Acquisition"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/papers/gil-paris-kaj94.pdf</url>
    <where>Knowledge Acquisition, Special issue on Machine Learning
    and Knowledge Acquisition, Volume 6 Number 2, June 1994</where>
    <person>Cecile Paris</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Rapid prototyping and tool reusability have pushed
    knowledge acquisition research to investigate method-specific
    knowledge acquisition tools appropriate for predetermined
    problem-solving methods. We believe that method-dependent
    knowledge acquisition is not the only approach. The aim of our
    research is to develop powerful yet versatile machine learning
    mechanisms that can be incorporated into general-purpose but
    practical knowledge acquisition tools. This paper shows through
    examples the practical advantages of this approach. In
    particular, we illustrate how existing knowledge can be used to
    facilitate knowledge acquisition through analogy mechanisms
    within a domain and across domains. Our sample knowledge
    acquisition dialogues with a domain expert illustrate which
    parts of the process are addressed by the human and which parts
    are automated by the tool, in a synergistic cooperation for
    knowledge-base extension and refinement. The paper also
    describes briefly the Expect problem-solving architecture that
    facilitates this approach to knowledge acquisition.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Developing Plan Evaluation and Critiquing Tools Based
    on Reuse and Capture of General Principles"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/evaluation-psm/</url>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Domain-Specific Criteria to Direct and Evaluate
    Planning Systems"</title>
    <url>
    http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/gil-hof-tate-arpi94.ps</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the 1994 Workshop of the Arpa/Rome
    Laboratories Planning Initiative, February 21-25, 1994, Tucson,
    AZ</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Mark Hoffman</person>
    <person>Austin Tate</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>This document is the result of a joint effort to
    understand what are relevant factors to consider when there are
    several possible courses of action (COAs) to accomplish a
    Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) military mission.
    These relevant factors are useful for generation and evaluation
    of COAs and provide the basis for a good decision in selecting
    a COA. The document compiles the relevant factors from the
    perspective of logistics that are useful to evaluate whether or
    not alternative proposed COAs can be supported logistically,
    and which ones seem to be better alternatives compared to the
    others. The ultimate goal of this joint effort is to use these
    factors to automate the evaluation and comparison of COAs and
    use the comparison to determine what are critical aspects of a
    COA that may be changed to produce a better option with a
    generative planner. We discuss how we envision using Expect and
    O-Plan2 for this purpose.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Applying a General-Purpose Planning and Learning
    Architecture to Process Planning"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/ikcap/papers/gil-perez-fss94.ps</url>
    <where>AAAI Fall Symposium on "Planning and Learning: On to
    Real Applications", New Orleans, LA, November 1994</where>
    <person>Alicia Perez</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Planning with external events"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/uai94.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in AI,
    1994</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Learning by Experimentation: Incremental Refinement of
    Incomplete Planning Domains"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/gil-mlc94.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on
    Machine Learning. July 10-13, 1994, Rutgers, NJ</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Building a knowledge base requires iterative
    refinement to correct imperfections that keep lurking after
    each new version of the system. This paper concentrates on the
    automatic refinement of incomplete domain models for planning
    systems, presenting both a methodology for addressing the
    problem and empirical results. Planning knowledge may be
    refined automatically through direct interaction with the
    environment. Missing conditions cause unreliable predictions of
    action outcomes. Missing effects cause unreliable predictions
    of facts about the state. We present a practical approach based
    on continuous and selective interaction with the environment
    that pinpoints the type of fault in the domain knowledge that
    causes any unexpected behavior of the environment, and resorts
    to experimentation when additional information is needed to
    correct the fault. Our approach has been implemented in EXPO, a
    system that uses PRODIGY as a baseline planner and improves its
    domain knowledge in several domains when initial domain
    knowledge is up to 50% incomplete. The empirical results
    presented show that EXPO dramatically improves its prediction
    accuracy and reduces the amount of unreliable action
    outcomes.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Linkability: Examining Causal Link Commitments in
    Partial-Order Planning"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/linkability.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on AI Planning
    Systems, 1994</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"The Need for Different Domain-Independent
    Heuristics"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~blythe/papers/heuristics.html</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on AI Planning
    Systems, 1994</where>
    <person>Peter Stone</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Handbook of Evaluation for the ARPA/Rome Lab Planning
    Initiative"</title>
    <url>
    http://isx.com/pub/ARPI/ARPI-pub/hoebel/plan-eval.html</url>
    <where>1994</where>
    <person>Paul Cohen</person>
    <person>Tom Dean</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Matt Ginsberg</person>
    <person>Lou Hoebel</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Integrating Reactive and Deliberative Planning in a
    Household Robot"</title>
    <url>
    ftp://reports.adm.cs.cmu.edu/usr/anon/1993/CMU-CS-93-155.ps</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Instantiating
    Real-World Agents, 1993</where>
    <person>W. Scott Reilly</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Learning New Planning Operators by Exploration and
    Experimentation"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/gil-aaaiwks93.pdf</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Learning Action
    Models, Washington, DC, July 1993</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>This paper addresses a computational approach to the
    automated acquisition of domain knowledge for planning systems
    via experimentation with the environment. Our previous work has
    shown how existing incomplete operators can be refined by
    adding missing preconditions and effects. Here we develop
    additional methods to acquire new operators such as direct
    analogy with existing operators, decomposition of monolithic
    operators into meaningful sub-operators, and experimentation
    with partially-specified operators.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Efficient Domain-Independent Experimentation"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/~gil/papers/gil-mlc93.ps</url>
    <where>Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on
    Machine Learning, Amherst, MA, June 1993</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Planning systems often make the assumption that
    omniscient world knowledge is available. Our approach makes the
    more realistic assumption that the initial knowledge about the
    actions is incomplete, and uses experimentation as a learning
    mechanism when the missing knowledge causes an execution
    failure. Previous work on learning by experimentation has not
    addressed the issue of how to choose good experiments, and much
    research on learning from failure has relied on background
    knowledge to build explanations that pinpoint directly the
    causes of failures. We want to investigate the potential of a
    system for efficient learning by experimentation without such
    background knowledge. This paper describes domain-independent
    heuristics that compare possible hypotheses and choose the ones
    most likely to cause the failure. These heuristics extract
    information solely from the domain operators initially
    available for planning (incapable of producing such
    explanations) and the planner's experiences in interacting with
    the environment. Our approach has been implemented in EXPO, a
    system that uses PRODIGY as a baseline planner and improves its
    domain knowledge in several domains. The empirical results
    presented show that EXPO's heuristics dramatically reduce the
    number of experiments needed to refine incomplete
    operators.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An Analysis of Search Techniques for a Totally-ordered
    Nonlinear Planner"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the 1st Conference on AI Planning
    Systems, 1992</where>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Planning and Learning in PRODIGY: Overview of an
    Integrated Architecture"</title>
    <where>Goal-Driven Learning, Aswin Ram and David Leake
    (Eds)</where>
    <person>Jaime Carbonell</person>
    <person>Oren Etzioni</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Robert Joseph</person>
    <person>Craig Knoblock</person>
    <person>Steven Minton</person>
    <person>Manuela Veloso</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Acquiring Domain Knowledge for Planning by
    Experimentation"</title>
    <where>Ph.D. Thesis, School of Computer Science, Carnegie
    Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213. August 1992</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>In order for autonomous systems to interact with
    their environment in an intelligent way, they must be given the
    ability to adapt and learn incrementally and deliberately. It
    is virtually impossible to devise and hand code all potentially
    relevant domain knowledge for complex dynamic tasks. This
    thesis describes a framework to acquire domain knowledge for
    planning by failure-driven experimentation with the
    environment. The initial domain knowledge in the system is an
    approximate model for planning in the environment, defining the
    system's expectations. The framework exploits the
    characteristics of planning domains in order to search the
    space of plausible hypotheses without the need for additional
    background knowledge to build causal explanations for
    expectation failures. Plans are executed while the external
    environment is monitored, and differences between the internal
    state and external observations are detected by various methods
    each correlated with a typical cause for the expectation
    failure. The methods also construct a set of concrete
    hypotheses to repair the knowledge deficit. After being
    heuristically filtered, each hypothesis is tested in turn with
    an experiment. After the experiment is designed, a plan is
    constructed to achieve the situation required to carry out the
    experiment. The experiment plan must meet constraints such as
    minimizing plan length and negative interference with the main
    goals. The thesis describes a set of domain-independent
    constraints for experiments and their incorporation in the
    planning search space. After the execution of the plan and the
    experiment, observations are collected to conclude if the
    experiment was successful or not. Upon success, the hypothesis
    is confirmed and the domain knowledge is adjusted. Upon
    failure, the experimentation process is iterated on the
    remaining hypotheses until success or until no more hypotheses
    are left to be considered. This framework has shown to be an
    effective way to address incomplete planning knowledge and is
    demonstrated in a system called EXPO, implemented on the
    PRODIGY planning architecture. The effectiveness and efficiency
    of EXPO's methods is empirically demonstrated in several
    domains, including a large-scale process planning task, where
    the planner can recover from situations missing up to 50% of
    domain knowledge through repeated experimentation.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Learning by Experimentation: The Operator Refinement
    Method"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/link/gil-mlbook3.pdf</url>
    <where>Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach,
    Volume III, Michalski, R. S. and Kodratoff, Y. (Eds.), Morgan
    Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1990</where>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <person>Jaime Carbonell</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
    <abstract>Autonomous systems require the ability to plan
    effective courses of action under potentially uncertain or
    unpredictable contingencies. Planning requires knowledge of the
    environment that is accurate enough to allow reasoning about
    actions. If the environment is too complex or very dynamic,
    goal-driven learning with reactive feedback becomes a
    necessity. This chapter addresses the issue of learning by
    experimentation as an integral component of PRODIGY. PRODIGY is
    a flexible planning system that encodes its domain knowledge as
    declarative operators, and applies the operator refinement
    method to acquire additional preconditions or postconditions
    when observed consequences diverge from internal expectations.
    When multiple explanations for the observed divergence are
    consistent with the existing domain knowledge, experiments to
    discriminate among these explanations are generated. The
    experimentation process isolates the deficient operator and
    inserts the discriminant condition or unforeseen side-effect to
    avoid similar impasses in future planning. Thus,
    experimentation is demand-driven and exploits both the internal
    state of the planner and any external feedback received. A
    detailed example of integrated experiment formulation in
    presented as the basis for a systematic approach to extending
    an incomplete domain theory or correcting a potentially
    inaccurate one.</abstract>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Explanation-Based Learning: A Problem-Solving
    Perspective"</title>
    <where>Artificial Intelligence, Volume 40, Number 1/3,
    September 1989</where>
    <person>Steve Minton</person>
    <person>Jaime G. Carbonell</person>
    <person>Craig A. Knoblock</person>
    <person>Daniel R. Kuokka</person>
    <person>Oren Etzioni</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"On Becoming Reactive"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine
    Learning, 1989</where>
    <person>Tom Mitchell</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Constraining Search in a Hierarchical, Discriminative
    Learning System"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial
    Intelligence, 1988</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"Generalization and Noise"</title>
    <where>International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,
    1987</where>
    <person>Yves Kodratoff</person>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Michel Manago</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"An experimental protocol for gathering examples for
    empirical learning"</title>
    <where>Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Knowledge
    Acquisition, 1987</where>
    <person>Jim Blythe</person>
    <person>Patrick Corsi</person>
    <person>David Needham</person>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
  <publication>
    <title>"A Representation and Library for Objectives in Air
    Campaign Plans"</title>
    <url>http://www.isi.edu/expect/grammar/grammar.html</url>
    <person>Andre Valente</person>
    <person>William R. Swartout</person>
    <person>Yolanda Gil</person>
    <project>Inspect</project>
    <project>Interactive Knowledge Capture</project>
  </publication>
</publications>