diff --git "a/_posts/coding-interview-univ/13.-System-Study/2024-01-21-\354\235\264\352\260\200\354\235\200-13.-\353\204\244\355\212\270\354\233\214\355\201\254-\354\204\261\353\212\245-\354\262\231\353\217\204.md" "b/_posts/coding-interview-univ/13.-System-Study/2024-01-21-\354\235\264\352\260\200\354\235\200-13.-\353\204\244\355\212\270\354\233\214\355\201\254-\354\204\261\353\212\245-\354\262\231\353\217\204.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0135b55 --- /dev/null +++ "b/_posts/coding-interview-univ/13.-System-Study/2024-01-21-\354\235\264\352\260\200\354\235\200-13.-\353\204\244\355\212\270\354\233\214\355\201\254-\354\204\261\353\212\245-\354\262\231\353\217\204.md" @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +--- +title: ๐Ÿข 13. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฒ™๋„ +author: gani0325 +date: 2024-01-21 20:00:00 +09:00 +categories: [์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™, 13. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฒ™๋„] +tags: [์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹, 12์ฃผ์ฐจ, ์ด๊ฐ€์€] +render_with_liquid: false +math: true +--- + +**โญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ** + +- ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ (interconnection) ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„ +- ์žฅ์น˜๋ž€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ, ๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ๋Ž€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์žฅ + +**โญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€** + +- **Peformance ์„ฑ๋Šฅ** + - ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์‘๋‹ต์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. + - **์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„**์ด๋ž€ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ฐฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + - **์‘๋‹ต์‹œ๊ฐ„**์ด๋ž€ request์™€ responese์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + - ํ”ํžˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„๋Š”ย **์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ(Throughput)**๊ณผย **์ง€์—ฐ(delay)**์ด๋‹ค. +- **Reliability ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ** + - ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. +- **Security ๋ณด์•ˆ** + - ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ + - ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์‹ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ + +**โญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฒ™๋„** + +- ๋Œ€์—ญํญ(handwidth) + - ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜ +- ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰(throughput) + - ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–‘ +- ์ง€์—ฐ ์†๋„(latency) + - ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + +--- + +1. ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์†ก ์†๋„์ธ **Bandwidth** + +- Bandwidth๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธย ์ „์†ก๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”ย ๊ฒƒ +- ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ Bandwidth + - ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฒ™๋„์ด๋‹ค.๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ต์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ๋Š” Bit rate๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 1์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „์†ก๋œ ๋น„ํŠธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค + - ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” bps(bit per second) +- ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ต์‹ ์—์„œ Bandwidth๋Š” bit rate์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ +- ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฅ ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค + - ๊ฐ€์šฉ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ + - ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ค€์œ„ + - ์žก์Œ์˜ ์ •๋„ +- ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์‹ + - Nyquist Bit Rate : ์žก์Œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ + - Shannon Capacity : ์žก์Œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. + +2. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒํ•˜๋Š” **Throughput** + +- ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์ ์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฐ€(์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ +- ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์€ ๋งํฌ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ (์ƒํ•œ) +- ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ (์‹ค์ œ ์†๋„) +- bandwidth๋Š” ๋งํฌ์˜ ์ ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ +- Throughput๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œย ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ + - ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š”ย bandwidth์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ bps + +3. ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ **Latency** + +- Latency๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ +- ๋ฐœ์‹ ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋– ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + ![42.png](/assets/img/gani0325/42.png) + - ์ง€์—ฐ์€ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ „์†ก์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ฉ + - **propagation ์ „ํŒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„** + - ๋ฐœ์‹ ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + - ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œ๊ฐ„ = ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ / ์ „ํŒŒ ์†๋„ + - **transsmission ์ „์†ก ์‹œ๊ฐ„** + - ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น„ํŠธ์™€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋น„ํŠธ์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด + - ์ „์†ก์‹œ๊ฐ„ = ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€ ๊ธธ์ด / ๋Œ€์—ญํญ + - **queuing time ํ ์‹œ๊ฐ„** + - ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + - ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋œ๋‹ค + - Latency = Propagation time(Tp) + Transmission time(Ttr) + Queuing time(Tque) + Processiong time(Tproc) + +4. ์ „์ฒด ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” **Bandwidth-Delay** + +![43.png](/assets/img/gani0325/43.png) + +- Bandwidth-Delay Product๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ +- 1์ดˆ๋‹น ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋น„ํŠธ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋งํฌ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค diff --git a/assets/img/gani0325/42.png b/assets/img/gani0325/42.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c7a581 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/img/gani0325/42.png differ diff --git a/assets/img/gani0325/43.png b/assets/img/gani0325/43.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..880a334 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/img/gani0325/43.png differ