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Script_URBE-2021.R
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----
title: "Latin American bike sharing ecosystem overview: from data collection to implementation model portraits"
authors: "BINATTI, G. ; BATALHA, Y. ; DECASTRO, J. ; OLIVEIRA, M. H. S."
journal: "URBE Brazilian Journal of Urban Management"
ISSN: 2175-3369
site: www.scielo.br/urbe
deposit date: ("2021-10-07")
#build on: R version 4.0.4 (2021-02-15) -- "Lost Library Book"
#Copyright (C) 2021 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
#Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
----
# Step 1: Installing and Loading Packages for data analysis
if(!require(tidyverse)) install.packages("tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
if(!require(tidyr)) install.packages("tidyr")
library(tidyr)
if(!require(DescTools)) install.packages("DescTools", dependencies=TRUE)
library(DescTools)
if(!require(FactoMineR)) install.packages("FactoMiner", dependencies=TRUE)
library(FactoMineR)
if(!require(factoextra)) install.packages("factoextra", dependencies=TRUE)
library(factoextra)
if(!require(Factoshiny)) install.packages("Factoshiny", dependencies=TRUE)
library(Factoshiny)
#Step 2: Importing the database and loading rawdata
#original database directly from github (https://github.com/LABIKS/Annual_reports.git)
#or by downloading the database ("BSS_LA_DataBase.csv") to the directory of your choice
#ATTENTION: select working directory
## Session > Set Working Directory > Choose Directory
setwd("~/GitHub/papers/URBE-2021")
library(readr)
rawdata <- read_csv2("raw data/BSS_LA_DataBase.csv")
View(rawdata)
str(rawdata)
clean_names(rawdata)
rawdata[93:95,1]
#Step 3: Data Munging and Exploratory Data Analysis
bss <- rawdata %>%
dplyr:: select(Name_System=System, Country, Population=Population1, System_Type=Type, Operator_Type=Operator, Sponsor_Type=Sponsor, Transit_Integration=`Transit Integration`, Fee=Fees)
DescTools:: PlotMiss(bss, col= colorRampPalette(c("gray10","gray90")) (1))
Name_System_rev <- bss %>%
pull(Name_System) %>%
recode ("Loop Bikes"="Loop Bike") %>%
as.vector ()
Name_System_rev <- Name_System_rev[1:92]
Country_rev <- bss %>%
pull(Country) %>%
recode ("Brasil"="Brazil", "México"="Mexico") %>%
na.omit()%>%
as.factor()
ggplot2:: qplot(Country_rev)
Countries_Group_rev <- c("Others", "Argentina","Brazil", "Others", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Colombia",
"Others", "Colombia", "Mexico", "Mexico", "Others", "Colombia", "Argentina","Argentina","Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil",
"Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Others", "Brazil", "Colombia", "Others", "Brazil", "Others",
"Mexico", "Mexico", "Brazil", "Argentina","Colombia", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Others", "Mexico", "Brazil", "Mexico", "Argentina","Brazil",
"Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Mexico", "Argentina","Brazil", "Others", "Mexico", "Mexico", "Mexico",
"Colombia","Others", "Mexico", "Brazil", "Colombia", "Colombia", "Mexico", "Mexico", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Argentina","Brazil", "Mexico",
"Colombia","Mexico", "Colombia", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil", "Brazil",
"Brazil" ) %>%
as.factor()
System_Type_rev <- bss %>%
pull (System_Type) %>%
recode("Dock based"="Dock Based") %>%
na.omit()%>%
as.factor()
ggplot2:: qplot(System_Type_rev)
#Step 3.1: creating a new variable to group population size by classes
Population_rev <- c(">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">100k=<250k inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab", ">50k=<100k inhab",
">100k=<250k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab","<=50k inhab",">100k=<250k inhab",">1Mi inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",
">100k=<250k inhab", ">1Mi inhab",">100k=<250k inhab",">50k=<100k inhab",">100k=<250k inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",
">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">1Mi inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",
">250k=<500k inhab",">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab",
">1Mi inhab", ">100k=<250k inhab",">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">500k=<1Mi inhab",
">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">100k=<250k inhab","<=50k inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",
">250k=<500k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",
">250k=<500k inhab",">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">100k=<250k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab",
">500k=<1Mi inhab", "<=50k inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab",
">250k=<500k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab", ">250k=<500k inhab",">1Mi inhab",
">100k=<250k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">1Mi inhab") %>%
as.factor()
Population_rev <- factor(Population_rev, order=TRUE,
levels = c("<=50k inhab",">50k=<100k inhab",">100k=<250k inhab",">250k=<500k inhab",">500k=<1Mi inhab", ">1Mi inhab"))
ggplot2:: qplot(Population_rev)
City_Pop_Group_rev <- c("500k-1000k","Over 1000k","100k-250k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Up to 100k","100k-250k", "500k-1000k","Up to 100k","100k-250k","Over 1000k","500k-1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k",
"100k-250k","Over 1000k","100k-250k", "Up to 100k","100k-250k", "Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","500k-1000k","250k-500k","250k-500k","250k-500k",
"250k-500k","Over 1000k","250k-500k", "250k-500k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","100k-250k", "Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k", "Over 1000k","500k-1000k",
"500k-1000k","Over 1000k","100k-250k","Up to 100k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","250k-500k","250k-500k","500k-1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","250k-500k",
"250k-500k","Over 1000k","250k-500k", "250k-500k","100k-250k","250k-500k","250k-500k","500k-1000k","500k-1000k","Up to 100k","Over 1000k","500k-1000k","500k-1000k","Over 1000k","250k-500k", "500k-1000k",
"250k-500k","500k-1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","Over 1000k","250k-500k", "Over 1000k","100k-250k", "250k-500k","250k-500k","Over 1000k") %>%
as.factor()
City_Pop_Group_rev <- factor(City_Pop_Group_rev, order=TRUE,
levels = c("Up to 100k","100k-250k","250k-500k","500k-1000k","Over 1000k"))
ggplot2:: qplot(City_Pop_Group_rev)
#Step 3.2: transforms the original variables into a new variables
Operator_Type_rev <- c("Public", "Private","Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Public", "Public", "Public", "Public",
"Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Public", "Private","Public", "Public", "Private",
"Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private",
"Private","Private","Private","Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Public", "Public", "Private",
"Private","Private","Public", "Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private",
"Private","Private","Private","Private","Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private",
"Private","Public", "Private","Private","Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Public", "Private",
"Private","Public", "Private","Public", "Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private","Private",
"Private","Private","Private","Private") %>%
as.factor()
SponsorSector_Group_rev <- c("Other","Financial","Government","Government","Other","Health",
"Government","Government","Government","Government","Government","Government",
"Other","Government", "Other","Government","Government","Government",
"Government", "Government", "Government", "Health", "Health", "Financial",
"Financial", "Financial", "Financial", "Financial", "Joint venture","Health",
"Financial", "Other", "Health","Financial","Other","Government",
"Government","Financial","Government", "Joint venture","Government","Other",
"Government", "Government", "Health", "Health","Government", "Government",
"Government", "Joint venture","Government","Joint venture","Joint venture","Financial",
"Financial", "Government","Government","Government","Government","Government",
"Health", "Joint venture","Joint venture","Government","Joint venture","Joint venture",
"Financial","Government","Government","Other","Government","Government",
"Joint venture","Other","Financial","Government","Health","Other",
"Government","Joint venture","Government","Joint venture","Joint venture","Joint venture",
"Joint venture","Joint venture","Joint venture","Joint venture","Joint venture","Joint venture",
"Joint venture","Joint venture") %>%
as.factor()
ggplot2:: qplot(SponsorSector_Group_rev)
Transit_Integration_rev <- c("Yes","Yes","Yes","No","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","No","Yes","Yes","No","No","Yes","No", "No","No","Yes","Yes","Yes","No","No","No", "No","No","Yes","Yes","No","Yes",
"No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "Yes","Yes","No", "Yes","No", "Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","No", "No", "No", "No", "Yes","No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes",
"Yes","Yes","No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes", "Yes", "Yes","No", "Yes","No", "No", "Yes","No", "Yes","No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No","No","No", "No",
"No", "No") %>%
as.factor()
ggplot2:: qplot(Transit_Integration_rev)
Fee_rev <- c("No", "No", "Yes", "Yes", "No", "Yes", "Yes", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "Yes", "Yes", "No","Yes", "Yes", "No", "No", "No", "No","Yes","Yes", "Yes",
"Yes","Yes","Yes", "Yes","Yes","Yes", "Yes","Yes","Yes", "Yes","Yes", "No","No", "No", "Yes", "Yes", "Yes", "No", "No", "No", "Yes", "Yes", "Yes", "Yes",
"No", "Yes", "Yes", "Yes", "Yes","Yes", "Yes", "No","No", "No", "Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","No","No","No","Yes",
"Yes","No","Yes","No", "No","Yes","No","Yes","No","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes", "Yes") %>%
as.factor()
ggplot2:: qplot(Fee_rev)
#Step 3.3: adding the reviewed variables into a new dataset
bss_tidy_rev <- dplyr::data_frame(Name_System_rev, Country_rev, Countries_Group_rev, Population_rev, City_Pop_Group_rev, System_Type_rev, Operator_Type_rev, SponsorSector_Group_rev, Transit_Integration_rev, Fee_rev)
#Step 3.4.: Descriptive Analysis of dataset
annex_stat_a <- DescTools::Desc(bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
## Method Of Analysis
#Step 4: Chi-Square Test of Independence (Pearson)
##Statistical hypotheses:
###Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference between the observed and the expected value between pairs of analyzed variables.
###Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference between the observed and the expected value between pairs of analyzed variables.
#### printing the p-value (H0 = p-value > 0.05, H1 = p-value < 0.05)
#### significance level (alpha = 0.05)
#res$p.value
X2_System_Type_Country <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Country_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_Countries_Group <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Countries_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_Population <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Population_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_City_Pop_Group <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~City_Pop_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_OpType <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Operator_Type_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_SponsorSector_Group <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~SponsorSector_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_Transit_Integration <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Transit_Integration_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_System_Type_Fee <- DescTools::Desc(System_Type_rev~Fee_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_OpType_Countries_Group <- DescTools::Desc(Operator_Type_rev~Countries_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_OpType_City_Pop_Group <- DescTools::Desc(Operator_Type_rev~City_Pop_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_OpType_SponsorSector_Group <- DescTools::Desc(Operator_Type_rev~SponsorSector_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_OpType_Transit_Integration <- DescTools::Desc(Operator_Type_rev~Transit_Integration_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_OpType_Fee <- DescTools::Desc(Operator_Type_rev~Fee_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_SponsorSector_Group_Countries_Group <- DescTools::Desc(SponsorSector_Group_rev~Countries_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_SponsorSector_City_Pop_Group <- DescTools::Desc(SponsorSector_Group_rev~City_Pop_Group_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_SponsorSector_Transit_Integration <- DescTools::Desc(SponsorSector_Group_rev~Transit_Integration_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_SponsorSector_Fee <- DescTools::Desc(SponsorSector_Group_rev~Fee_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
X2_Transit_Integration_Fee <- DescTools::Desc(Transit_Integration_rev~Fee_rev, bss_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
#Step 5: Chi_Square output dataset
dockbased_tidy_rev <- bss_tidy_rev %>%
select(Name_System_rev,Countries_Group_rev, City_Pop_Group_rev, System_Type_rev, Operator_Type_rev, SponsorSector_Group_rev, Transit_Integration_rev, Fee_rev) %>%
filter(System_Type_rev=="Dock Based")
dockbased_tidy <- dockbased_tidy_rev %>% select(Countries_Group_rev, City_Pop_Group_rev, Operator_Type_rev, SponsorSector_Group_rev, Transit_Integration_rev, Fee_rev)
#Step 5.1.: Descriptive Analysis of Chi_Square output dataset
annex_stat_b <- DescTools::Desc(dockbased_tidy_rev, digits=2, plotit = T)
#Step 6: Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) input dataset
mca_dockbased <- dockbased_tidy
#Step 6.1.: Descriptive Analysis of dataset
annex_stat_c <- DescTools::Desc(dockbased_tidy,digits=2, plotit = T)
#Step 6.2.: MCA Analysis and Results
res.mca_dockbased <- Factoshiny(mca_dockbased)
res.MCA<-MCA(mca_dockbased,graph=TRUE)
plot.MCA(res.MCA, choix='var',col.var=c(1,2,3,4,5,6))
plot.MCA(res.MCA,invisible= 'ind',col.var=c(1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,6,6),label =c('var'))
res.MCA<-MCA(mca_dockbased,graph=TRUE)
dimdesc(res.MCA)
res.MCA