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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-theme="light"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>类创建型模式 | 征蓬</title><meta name="keywords" content="设计模式"><meta name="author" content="huy"><meta name="copyright" content="huy"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta name="description" content="简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式、建造者模式、单例模式">
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<h2 id="简单工厂模式">简单工厂模式</h2>
<p><strong>包名：simpleFactory</strong></p>
<p>又称为静态工厂方法模式，属于类创建型模式，可以根据不同参数返回不同类的实例。</p>
<p>专门定义一个类负责创建实例，被创建的实例通常拥有一个共同的父类。</p>
<h3 id="结构">结构</h3>
<p>包含以下角色：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Product<br>
抽象产品角色，描述所有实例共有的公共接口。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ProductA / ProductB<br>
具体产品角色，简单工厂模式的创建目标，都继承了抽象产品角色。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Factory<br>
工厂角色，负责实现处理创建所有实例的内部逻辑。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/simpleFactory.png" alt=""></p>
<h3 id="代码实现">代码实现</h3>
<div class="tabs" id="test4"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-1">Product</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-2">ProductA</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-3">ProductB</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-4">Factory</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-5">测试类</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-6">返回结果</button></li></ul><div class="tab-contents"><div class="tab-item-content active" id="test4-1"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Product</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">createProduct</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-2"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ProductA</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Product</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">createProduct</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"创建产品 A"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-3"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ProductB</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Product</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">createProduct</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"创建产品 B"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-4"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Factory</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String MODEL_A = <span class="string">"A"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String MODEL_B = <span class="string">"B"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Product <span class="title">getProduct</span><span class="params">(String model)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (MODEL_A.equals(model)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> ProductA();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (MODEL_B.equals(model)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> ProductB();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> Exception(<span class="string">"没有该型号的产品"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-5"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Test</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String MODEL_A = <span class="string">"A"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String MODEL_B = <span class="string">"B"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String MODEL_C = <span class="string">"C"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Product product;</span><br><span class="line"> product = Factory.getProduct(MODEL_A);</span><br><span class="line"> product.createProduct();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> product = Factory.getProduct(MODEL_B);</span><br><span class="line"> product.createProduct();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> product = Factory.getProduct(MODEL_C);</span><br><span class="line"> product.createProduct();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-6"><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/simpleFactoryResult.png" alt=""></p><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div></div>
<h3 id="优点-2">优点</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>构造容易，逻辑简单</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>客户端无需关心如何创造具体的产品，只需要提供产品型号作为参数即可得到相应的产品</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>可以引入配置文件，在不修改代码的情况下更换和新增产品类，一定程度上提高系统灵活性</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="缺点-4">缺点</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>工厂类集中了所有产品创建逻辑，如果不能正常工作，整个系统都会被影响</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>会增加产品类的个数，增加了系统的复杂度和理解难度</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>系统扩展困难，添加新产品就必须修改工厂逻辑，不利于扩展和维护</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>简单工厂模式由于使用了静态工厂方法，造成工厂角色无法形成基于继承的等级结构</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="适用环境">适用环境</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>负责创建的对象比较少，不会造成工厂类的业务逻辑过于复杂</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>客户端不需要记住具体类名，只需要传递类型对应的参数</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="工厂方法模式">工厂方法模式</h2>
<p><strong>包名：factoryMethod</strong></p>
<p>又名多态工厂方式，在简单工厂模式的基础上，将工厂类定义为接口，工厂子类负责实现具体产品的生成。</p>
<h3 id="结构-2">结构</h3>
<p>包含以下角色：</p>
<ul>
<li>Car<br>
抽象产品</li>
<li>CarMpv / CarSuv<br>
具体产品</li>
<li>Factory<br>
抽象工厂</li>
<li>MpvFactory / SuvFactory<br>
具体工厂</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/factoryMethod.png" alt=""></p>
<h3 id="代码实现-2">代码实现</h3>
<div class="tabs" id="test4"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-1">Car</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-2">CarMpv</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-3">CarSuv</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-4">Factory</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-5">MpvFactory</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-6">SuvFactory</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-7">测试类</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#test4-8">返回结果</button></li></ul><div class="tab-contents"><div class="tab-item-content active" id="test4-1"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Car</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">carModel</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-2"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CarMpv</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Car</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">carModel</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"create MPV"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-3"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CarSuv</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Car</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">carModel</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"create SUV"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-4"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Factory</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function">Car <span class="title">createCar</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-5"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MpvFactory</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Factory</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Car <span class="title">createCar</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> CarMpv();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-6"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">SuvFactory</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Factory</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Car <span class="title">createCar</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> CarSuv();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-7"><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Test</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 调用工厂接口具体实现类</span></span><br><span class="line"> Car mpv = <span class="keyword">new</span> MpvFactory().createCar();</span><br><span class="line"> Car suv = <span class="keyword">new</span> SuvFactory().createCar();</span><br><span class="line"> mpv.carModel();</span><br><span class="line"> suv.carModel();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="test4-8"><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/factoryMethodResult.png" alt=""></p><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div></div>
<h3 id="优点-3">优点</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>客户只需要知道具体的工厂名称就可以得到产品，隐藏了产品被实例化的细节</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>多态性设计是关键，工厂自主确定创建哪种产品对象，创建细节封装在具体的工厂内部，且所有具体工厂类具有同一个抽象父类</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>系统可扩展性良好，加入新产品时无需修改原有代码，只需要新增相应的具体产品类和工厂类即可</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>典型的解耦框架，高层模块只需要知道产品抽象类，无需关心其实现类</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="缺点-5">缺点</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>系统中类的个数过多，一定程度上增加了系统复杂度</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>考虑到系统扩展性，需要引入抽象层，增加了系统的抽象程度和理解难度</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="适用环境-2">适用环境</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>客户只知道创建产品的工厂名称，不知道具体的产品名</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>创建对象的任务由多个工厂子类的其中一个完成，抽象工厂只提供创建产品的接口</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>客户不关心创建产品的细节，只关心工厂子类创建的产品</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="抽象工厂模式">抽象工厂模式</h2>
<p><strong>包名：abstractFactory</strong></p>
<h2 id="建造者模式">建造者模式</h2>
<p><strong>包名：builder</strong></p>
<h2 id="单例模式">单例模式</h2>
<p><strong>包名：singleton</strong></p>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">huy</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://example.com/6013.html">http://example.com/6013.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="http://example.com" target="_blank">征蓬</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">设计模式</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" data-image="/pics/scenery/04.png" data-sites="facebook,twitter,wechat,weibo,qq"></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jsdelivr.pai233.top/npm/social-share.js/dist/css/share.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><script src="https://jsdelivr.pai233.top/npm/social-share.js/dist/js/social-share.min.js" defer></script></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0-3"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概述</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单工厂模式</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">代码实现</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9-2"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">优点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9-4"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缺点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">适用环境</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">工厂方法模式</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84-2"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0-2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">代码实现</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9-3"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">优点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9-5"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缺点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83-2"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">适用环境</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">抽象工厂模式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">建造者模式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%95%E4%BE%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">单例模式</span></a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('/pics/scenery/04.png')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">©2021 - 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