diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index de7e433..11128a0 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog], and this project adheres to
   are obtained via a role using the EC2 instance metadata.
 - [#72](https://github.com/MAAP-Project/gedi-subsetter/issues/72) Log messages
   now use ISO 8601 UTC combined date and time representations with milliseconds.
+- [#54](https://github.com/MAAP-Project/gedi-subsetter/issues/54) Granule files
+  are no longer downloaded.  Instead, they are read directly from AWS S3.
 
 ## 0.7.0 (2024-04-23)
 
diff --git a/conda-lock.yml b/conda-lock.yml
index ef444af..f9804e8 100644
--- a/conda-lock.yml
+++ b/conda-lock.yml
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 version: 1
 metadata:
   content_hash:
-    linux-64: bf4256544d4f3c7365116b9f735f27ff0f9b1ee87717d082cf208264f04392bf
-    osx-64: 6a09e1d493ea2a49d0ff86a226ee22b6bcac71ce263c71cf335191c02f28d89c
-    osx-arm64: 226064fe1d4b57d2ee9593ca4e5ab950a8588d7aa01685574d181774b56180a3
+    linux-64: dd32ff7f4b18fe2421677c430b28a1b488a36635e70638bf3dd60ded3fd95b2d
+    osx-64: 5b5a70d458f34e28a4c7c5552ff8d11b44eaf72be6ad91e3af68bb895a632751
+    osx-arm64: d131dcf1b3882514580e58daac9e328d9b0497c3185e5ceac37eec85ad219643
   channels:
   - url: conda-forge
     used_env_vars: []
@@ -91,6 +91,187 @@ package:
     sha256: fbf0288cae7c6e5005280436ff73c95a36c5a4c978ba50175cc8e3eb22abc5f9
   category: dev
   optional: true
+- name: aiobotocore
+  version: 2.12.3
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    aiohttp: '>=3.7.4.post0,<4.0.0'
+    aioitertools: '>=0.5.1,<1.0.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.41,<1.34.70'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    wrapt: '>=1.10.10,<2.0.0'
+  url: https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64/aiobotocore-2.12.3-py311h06a4308_0.conda
+  hash:
+    md5: 6fc6216ad68ce98048f300b60dc57f59
+    sha256: e04e2fd6d3259330a50ef1e413c19ed8a94a41bdb6325c68fd79947781561bc9
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aiobotocore
+  version: 2.12.3
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    aiohttp: '>=3.7.4.post0,<4.0.0'
+    aioitertools: '>=0.5.1,<1.0.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.41,<1.34.70'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    wrapt: '>=1.10.10,<2.0.0'
+  url: https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-64/aiobotocore-2.12.3-py311hecd8cb5_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 53a6c8646dc6da425cd93d46e83e33f3592b084881e041bd1e714cba6c700a94
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aiobotocore
+  version: 2.12.3
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
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+    aioitertools: '>=0.5.1,<1.0.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.41,<1.34.70'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    wrapt: '>=1.10.10,<2.0.0'
+  url: https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-arm64/aiobotocore-2.12.3-py311hca03da5_0.conda
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+    sha256: 3cd836bada2aa9405360a2815e3aad9075a5228eabb59fdc7fb853d958afa743
+  category: main
+  optional: false
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+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
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+    attrs: '>=17.3.0'
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+    libgcc-ng: '>=12'
+    multidict: '>=4.5,<7.0'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+    yarl: '>=1.0,<2.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/aiohttp-3.9.5-py311h459d7ec_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 2eb99d920ef0dcd608e195bb852a64634ecf13f74680796959f1b9d9a9650a7b
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aiohttp
+  version: 3.9.5
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    aiosignal: '>=1.1.2'
+    attrs: '>=17.3.0'
+    frozenlist: '>=1.1.1'
+    multidict: '>=4.5,<7.0'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+    yarl: '>=1.0,<2.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/aiohttp-3.9.5-py311he705e18_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 6e1c28d255830f350ccc135db4932153a978956d480e7bcd26c1663e19db4f9d
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aiohttp
+  version: 3.9.5
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
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+    attrs: '>=17.3.0'
+    frozenlist: '>=1.1.1'
+    multidict: '>=4.5,<7.0'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+    yarl: '>=1.0,<2.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/aiohttp-3.9.5-py311h05b510d_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 63ee70099b66bfa62751d1eb82831438426e3cfc9671a0b836dd9b9d94c92bd6
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aioitertools
+  version: 0.11.0
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    python: '>=3.6'
+    typing_extensions: '>=4.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aioitertools-0.11.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
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+    sha256: be2dbd6710438fa48b83bf06841091227276ae545d145dfe5cb5149c6484e951
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aioitertools
+  version: 0.11.0
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
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+    typing_extensions: '>=4.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aioitertools-0.11.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
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+    sha256: be2dbd6710438fa48b83bf06841091227276ae545d145dfe5cb5149c6484e951
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aioitertools
+  version: 0.11.0
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
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+    typing_extensions: '>=4.0'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aioitertools-0.11.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
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+    sha256: be2dbd6710438fa48b83bf06841091227276ae545d145dfe5cb5149c6484e951
+  category: main
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+  version: 1.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    frozenlist: '>=1.1.0'
+    python: '>=3.7'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aiosignal-1.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 575c742e14c86575986dc867463582a970463da50b77264cdf54df74f5563783
+  category: main
+  optional: false
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+  version: 1.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    frozenlist: '>=1.1.0'
+    python: '>=3.7'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aiosignal-1.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
+    md5: d1e1eb7e21a9e2c74279d87dafb68156
+    sha256: 575c742e14c86575986dc867463582a970463da50b77264cdf54df74f5563783
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: aiosignal
+  version: 1.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
+    frozenlist: '>=1.1.0'
+    python: '>=3.7'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/aiosignal-1.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.tar.bz2
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 575c742e14c86575986dc867463582a970463da50b77264cdf54df74f5563783
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+  optional: false
 - name: annotated-types
   version: 0.6.0
   manager: conda
@@ -1492,48 +1673,48 @@ package:
   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: boto3
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: linux-64
   dependencies:
-    botocore: '>=1.34.99,<1.35.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.69,<1.35.0'
     jmespath: '>=0.7.1,<2.0.0'
     python: '>=3.8'
     s3transfer: '>=0.10.0,<0.11.0'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.99-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.69-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
   hash:
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-    sha256: b32f57e79e004342c1a0236932640590066165c172dba979f8acdb90fe25de97
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+    sha256: 57cf3f3f344a20753cb0435aec04aaef3cd1cfd5c48393487dd6fbf15ce19f82
   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: boto3
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: osx-64
   dependencies:
-    botocore: '>=1.34.99,<1.35.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.69,<1.35.0'
     jmespath: '>=0.7.1,<2.0.0'
     python: '>=3.8'
     s3transfer: '>=0.10.0,<0.11.0'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.99-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.69-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
   hash:
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   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: boto3
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: osx-arm64
   dependencies:
-    botocore: '>=1.34.99,<1.35.0'
+    botocore: '>=1.34.69,<1.35.0'
     jmespath: '>=0.7.1,<2.0.0'
     python: '>=3.8'
     s3transfer: '>=0.10.0,<0.11.0'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.99-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/boto3-1.34.69-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
   hash:
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-    sha256: b32f57e79e004342c1a0236932640590066165c172dba979f8acdb90fe25de97
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   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: boto3-stubs
@@ -1636,7 +1817,7 @@ package:
   category: dev
   optional: true
 - name: botocore
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: linux-64
   dependencies:
@@ -1644,14 +1825,14 @@ package:
     python: '>=3.10'
     python-dateutil: '>=2.1,<3.0.0'
     urllib3: '>=1.25.4,!=2.2.0,<3'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.99-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.69-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
   hash:
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   optional: false
 - name: botocore
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: osx-64
   dependencies:
@@ -1659,14 +1840,14 @@ package:
     python: '>=3.10'
     python-dateutil: '>=2.1,<3.0.0'
     urllib3: '>=1.25.4,!=2.2.0,<3'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.99-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.69-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
   hash:
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-    sha256: 9392d97dd720c3987ab30f13696f9e0d12a016dc796e3f6ef5c2c5e4ba02a543
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   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: botocore
-  version: 1.34.99
+  version: 1.34.69
   manager: conda
   platform: osx-arm64
   dependencies:
@@ -1674,10 +1855,10 @@ package:
     python: '>=3.10'
     python-dateutil: '>=2.1,<3.0.0'
     urllib3: '>=1.25.4,!=2.2.0,<3'
-  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.99-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/botocore-1.34.69-pyge310_1234567_0.conda
   hash:
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-    sha256: 9392d97dd720c3987ab30f13696f9e0d12a016dc796e3f6ef5c2c5e4ba02a543
+    md5: b88ce32e4a9016cb063b765f06da9c47
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   category: main
   optional: false
 - name: botocore-stubs
@@ -4650,6 +4831,82 @@ package:
     sha256: 9cb4957d1431bc57bc95b1e99a50669d91ac3441226a78f69fa030d52f2bda77
   category: main
   optional: false
+- name: frozenlist
+  version: 1.4.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    libgcc-ng: '>=12'
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/frozenlist-1.4.1-py311h459d7ec_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 56917dda8da109d51a3b25d30256365e1676f7b2fbaf793a3f003e51548bf794
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: frozenlist
+  version: 1.4.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/frozenlist-1.4.1-py311he705e18_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 6c496e4a740f191d7ab23744d39bd6d415789f9d5dcf74ed043a16a3f8968ef4
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: frozenlist
+  version: 1.4.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
+    python: '>=3.11,<3.12.0a0'
+    python_abi: 3.11.*
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/frozenlist-1.4.1-py311h05b510d_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: 57a0b0677fbf065ae150e5a874f08d6263646acaa808ad44d01149b8abe7c739
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: fsspec
+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    python: '>=3.8'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/fsspec-2024.3.1-pyhca7485f_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: b8621151939bb5ea4ea4aa84f010e6130a47b1453cd9178283f335816b72a895
+  category: main
+  optional: false
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+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    python: '>=3.8'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/fsspec-2024.3.1-pyhca7485f_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: b8621151939bb5ea4ea4aa84f010e6130a47b1453cd9178283f335816b72a895
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: fsspec
+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
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+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/fsspec-2024.3.1-pyhca7485f_0.conda
+  hash:
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+    sha256: b8621151939bb5ea4ea4aa84f010e6130a47b1453cd9178283f335816b72a895
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   version: 3.8.5
   manager: conda
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     sha256: aa20fb2d8ecb16099126ec5607fc12082de4111b5e4882e944f4b6cd846178d9
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-  optional: true
+  category: main
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   manager: conda
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     sha256: 6bb2acb8f4c1c25e4bb61421f654559c044af98d409c794cd84ae9fbac031ded
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
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   manager: conda
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     sha256: 4cec39a59647f2ed4c43e3ce67367bf9114782cbc6c6901c17aa9f9fa2c18174
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
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 - name: munkres
   version: 1.1.4
   manager: conda
@@ -15221,6 +15478,51 @@ package:
     sha256: fc5759c4d8136bb9048ed5cd2e8fd1a375104c3a7ec60fee1be0b06e7487d610
   category: main
   optional: false
+- name: s3fs
+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: linux-64
+  dependencies:
+    aiobotocore: '>=2.5.4,<3.0.0'
+    aiohttp: ''
+    fsspec: 2024.3.1
+    python: '>=3.8'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/s3fs-2024.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  hash:
+    md5: 09003467a61e115c4652f8b1ffa7ccbb
+    sha256: a893cf822ca952cacb89ffa3daf312a4c367056a94db942ad792dcd672940f42
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: s3fs
+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-64
+  dependencies:
+    aiobotocore: '>=2.5.4,<3.0.0'
+    aiohttp: ''
+    fsspec: 2024.3.1
+    python: '>=3.8'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/s3fs-2024.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  hash:
+    md5: 09003467a61e115c4652f8b1ffa7ccbb
+    sha256: a893cf822ca952cacb89ffa3daf312a4c367056a94db942ad792dcd672940f42
+  category: main
+  optional: false
+- name: s3fs
+  version: 2024.3.1
+  manager: conda
+  platform: osx-arm64
+  dependencies:
+    aiobotocore: '>=2.5.4,<3.0.0'
+    aiohttp: ''
+    fsspec: 2024.3.1
+    python: '>=3.8'
+  url: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/s3fs-2024.3.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
+  hash:
+    md5: 09003467a61e115c4652f8b1ffa7ccbb
+    sha256: a893cf822ca952cacb89ffa3daf312a4c367056a94db942ad792dcd672940f42
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: s3transfer
   version: 0.10.1
   manager: conda
@@ -17360,8 +17662,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: 6669b5529d206c1f880b642cdd17ae05
     sha256: 6587e0b7d42368f767172b239a755fcf6363d91348faf9b7ab5743585369fc58
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: wrapt
   version: 1.16.0
   manager: conda
@@ -17373,8 +17675,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: 5ef2eefe4fca7c786bbbdd4f1de464ed
     sha256: e5546a52c0c0ed8a78dbac1cfec9a639f37fb3a86ea8ade8ff44aa7459dc6796
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: wrapt
   version: 1.16.0
   manager: conda
@@ -17386,8 +17688,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: 35f87feb986222d2ada633b45df0bbc9
     sha256: c071b132b8415ccd1452e0b8002aa79ea59a4fd0b0ac0d3b2fd0ab6b19b3390c
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: xerces-c
   version: 3.2.5
   manager: conda
@@ -17809,8 +18111,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: fff0f2058e9d86c8bf5848ee93917a8d
     sha256: 673e4a626e9e7d661154e5609f696c0c8a9247087f5c8b7744cfbb4fe0872713
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: yarl
   version: 1.9.4
   manager: conda
@@ -17824,8 +18126,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: 6b7f34fc151c338cdaca4d4d6fb92d55
     sha256: 668ea9d1e0c7b4eaa769cc79de1ea4e8da22a61d4112e660ecbaca140f097109
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: yarl
   version: 1.9.4
   manager: conda
@@ -17839,8 +18141,8 @@ package:
   hash:
     md5: 510eded0989b4ef17f3adeca6cb21b22
     sha256: 1da2a08c44e284d17156838d8207fde58dececde3c07626114df4d9a64ae9213
-  category: dev
-  optional: true
+  category: main
+  optional: false
 - name: zeromq
   version: 4.3.5
   manager: conda
diff --git a/docs/MAAP_USAGE.md b/docs/MAAP_USAGE.md
index 493a1c3..083e859 100644
--- a/docs/MAAP_USAGE.md
+++ b/docs/MAAP_USAGE.md
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ To run a GEDI subsetting DPS job, you must supply the following inputs:
   Scalene option is `--on`.  Otherwise, as mentioned above, when no value is
   supplied for this input, Scalene will not be used at all.
 
-  > **Note:** that since no browser is available in DPS, when any value is
+  > **Note:** Since no browser is available in DPS, when any value is
   > supplied for this input, the `--no-browser` option will be included to
   > prevent Scalene from attempting to open a browser.  However, the `--web`
   > option will also be included, which will produce HTML output to a file named
@@ -242,7 +242,6 @@ inputs = dict(
    beams="all",
    columns=...,
    query=...,
-   limit=0,
 )
 ```
 
@@ -257,7 +256,6 @@ inputs = dict(
    beams="all",
    columns="rh50,rh98",
    query="quality_flag == 1 and sensitivity > 0.95",
-   limit=0,
 )
 ```
 
@@ -272,7 +270,6 @@ inputs = dict(
    beams="all",
    columns="rh100",
    query="l2a_quality_flag == 1 and l2b_quality_flag == 1 and sensitivity > 0.95",
-   limit=0,
 )
 ```
 
@@ -287,7 +284,6 @@ inputs = dict(
    beams="all",
    columns="agbd, agbd_se, sensitivity, geolocation/sensitivity_a2",
    query="l2_quality_flag == 1 and l4_quality_flag == 1 and sensitivity > 0.95 and `geolocation/sensitivity_a2` > 0.95",
-   limit=0,
 )
 ```
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 3773b3e..a6b4dd9 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ dependencies:
   - pyarrow~=14.0  # parquet support in pandas
   - pydantic~=2.0
   - returns~=0.20
+  - s3fs~=2024.3
   - scalene~=1.5  # CPU+mem profiling
   - shapely~=2.0
   - typer~=0.9  # CLI
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 16924c4..44dceab 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ module = [
   "geopandas",
   "h5py",
   "moto",
+  "s3fs",
   "shapely.*"
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
diff --git a/src/gedi_subset/subset.py b/src/gedi_subset/subset.py
index 7b10f53..a684c1b 100755
--- a/src/gedi_subset/subset.py
+++ b/src/gedi_subset/subset.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 import geopandas as gpd
 import h5py
+import s3fs
 import typer
 from maap.maap import MAAP
 from maap.Result import Collection, Granule
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
     is_power_beam,
     subset_hdf5,
 )
-from gedi_subset.maapx import download_granule, find_collection
+from gedi_subset.maapx import find_collection
 
 logical_dois = {
     "L1B": "10.5067/GEDI/GEDI01_B.002",
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger("gedi_subset")
 
 
-@dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class SubsetGranuleProps:
     """Properties for calling `subset_granule` with a single argument.
 
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ class SubsetGranuleProps:
     single argument.
     """
 
+    fs: s3fs.S3FileSystem | None = None
     granule: Granule
     maap: MAAP
     aoi_gdf: gpd.GeoDataFrame
@@ -154,37 +156,39 @@ def subset_granule(props: SubsetGranuleProps) -> IOResultE[Maybe[str]]:
     GeoParquet file.
     """
 
-    inpath = download_granule(props.granule, str(props.output_dir))
+    if not (inpath := props.granule.getDownloadUrl()):
+        granule_ur = props.granule["Granule"]["GranuleUR"]
+        logger.warning(f"Skipping granule {granule_ur} [no download URL]")
+        return IOSuccess(Nothing)
 
     logger.debug(f"Subsetting {inpath}")
+    fs = props.fs or s3fs.S3FileSystem()
 
     try:
-        hdf5 = h5py.File(inpath)
+        with (
+            fs.open(inpath, block_size=4 * 1024 * 1024, cache_type="all") as f,
+            h5py.File(f) as hdf5,
+        ):
+            gdf = subset_hdf5(
+                hdf5,
+                aoi=props.aoi_gdf,
+                lat_col=props.lat_col,
+                lon_col=props.lon_col,
+                beam_filter=beam_filter(props.beams),
+                columns=props.columns,
+                query=props.query,
+            )
     except Exception as e:
         granule_ur = props.granule["Granule"]["GranuleUR"]
         logger.warning(f"Skipping granule {granule_ur} [failed to read {inpath}: {e}]")
+        logger.exception(e)
         return IOSuccess(Nothing)
 
-    try:
-        gdf = subset_hdf5(
-            hdf5,
-            aoi=props.aoi_gdf,
-            lat_col=props.lat_col,
-            lon_col=props.lon_col,
-            beam_filter=beam_filter(props.beams),
-            columns=props.columns,
-            query=props.query,
-        )
-    finally:
-        hdf5.close()
-
-    osx.remove(inpath)
-
     if gdf.empty:
         logger.debug(f"Empty subset produced from {inpath}; not writing")
         return IOSuccess(Nothing)
 
-    outpath = chext(".gpq", inpath)
+    outpath = chext(".gpq", os.path.join(props.output_dir, inpath.split("/")[-1]))
     logger.debug(f"Writing subset to {outpath}")
 
     return gdf_to_parquet(outpath, gdf).map(fp.always(Some(outpath)))
@@ -248,7 +252,15 @@ def append_subset(src: str) -> IOResultE[str]:
 
     payloads = (
         SubsetGranuleProps(
-            granule, maap, aoi_gdf, lat, lon, beams, columns, query, output_dir
+            granule=granule,
+            maap=maap,
+            aoi_gdf=aoi_gdf,
+            lat_col=lat,
+            lon_col=lon,
+            beams=beams,
+            columns=columns,
+            query=query,
+            output_dir=output_dir,
         )
         for granule in downloadable_granules
     )
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index ddfd0d9..0ba13a7 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def aws_credentials() -> None:
     """Mocked AWS Credentials for moto."""
     os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "testing"
diff --git a/tests/test_subset.py b/tests/test_subset.py
index e221ec1..8bc121b 100644
--- a/tests/test_subset.py
+++ b/tests/test_subset.py
@@ -1,26 +1,66 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
 
 import geopandas as gpd
 import pytest
+import requests
+from botocore.session import Session
 from maap.maap import MAAP
 from maap.Result import Granule
+from moto.moto_server.threaded_moto_server import ThreadedMotoServer
+from mypy_boto3_s3.client import S3Client
 from returns.io import IOSuccess
 from returns.maybe import Some
+from s3fs import S3FileSystem
 from typer import BadParameter
 
 from gedi_subset.subset import SubsetGranuleProps, check_beams_option, subset_granule
 
+# The following fixtures are simplifications of those found in the tests for s3fs at
+# https://github.com/fsspec/s3fs/blob/main/s3fs/tests/test_s3fs.py.
+# They are used to work around this issue: https://github.com/getmoto/moto/issues/6836
 
-def test_subset_granule(maap: MAAP, h5_path: str, aoi_gdf: gpd.GeoDataFrame):
-    output_dir = os.path.dirname(h5_path)
-    filename = os.path.basename(h5_path)
+ip_address = "127.0.0.1"
+port = 5555
+endpoint_uri = f"http://{ip_address}:{port}/"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def moto_server(aws_credentials):
+    server = ThreadedMotoServer(ip_address=ip_address, port=port)
+    server.start()
+    yield
+    server.stop()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_s3_fixture():
+    requests.post(f"{endpoint_uri}/moto-api/reset")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def fs(moto_server, h5_path: str):
+    client = cast(S3Client, Session().create_client("s3", endpoint_url=endpoint_uri))
+    client.create_bucket(Bucket="mybucket")
+    client.put_object(Bucket="mybucket", Key="temp.h5", Body=Path(h5_path).read_bytes())
+
+    S3FileSystem.clear_instance_cache()
+    fs = S3FileSystem(client_kwargs={"endpoint_url": endpoint_uri})
+    fs.invalidate_cache()
+
+    yield fs
+
+
+def test_subset_granule(
+    fs: S3FileSystem, maap: MAAP, aoi_gdf: gpd.GeoDataFrame, tmp_path: Path
+):
     granule = Granule(
         {
             "Granule": {
                 "GranuleUR": "foo",
                 "OnlineAccessURLs": {
-                    "OnlineAccessURL": {"URL": f"s3://mybucket/{filename}"}
+                    "OnlineAccessURL": {"URL": "s3://mybucket/temp.h5"}
                 },
             }
         },
@@ -37,19 +77,19 @@ def test_subset_granule(maap: MAAP, h5_path: str, aoi_gdf: gpd.GeoDataFrame):
     # we get should simply match the path of the h5 fixture file, except with a .gpq
     # extension, rather than an .h5 extension.
 
-    root, _ = os.path.splitext(h5_path)
-    expected_path = f"{root}.gpq"
+    expected_path = os.path.join(tmp_path, "temp.gpq")
     io_result = subset_granule(
         SubsetGranuleProps(
-            granule,
-            maap,
-            aoi_gdf,
-            "lat_lowestmode",
-            "lon_lowestmode",
-            "all",
-            ["agbd"],
-            "l2_quality_flag == 1",
-            Path(output_dir),
+            fs=fs,
+            granule=granule,
+            maap=maap,
+            aoi_gdf=aoi_gdf,
+            lat_col="lat_lowestmode",
+            lon_col="lon_lowestmode",
+            beams="all",
+            columns=["agbd"],
+            query="l2_quality_flag == 1",
+            output_dir=tmp_path,
         )
     )