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OpenApiDriver for Robot Framework

OpenApiDriver is an extension of the Robot Framework DataDriver library that allows for generation and execution of test cases based on the information in an OpenAPI document (also known as Swagger document). This document explains how to use the OpenApiDriver library.

My RoboCon 2022 talk about OpenApiDriver and OpenApiLibCore can be found here

For more information about Robot Framework, see http://robotframework.org.

For more information about the DataDriver library, see https://github.com/Snooz82/robotframework-datadriver.

Note: OpenApiDriver is still under development so there are currently restrictions / limitations that you may encounter when using this library to run tests against an API. See Limitations for details.

Installation

If you already have Python >= 3.8 with pip installed, you can simply run:

pip install --upgrade robotframework-openapidriver

OpenAPI (aka Swagger)

The OpenAPI Specification (OAS) defines a standard, language-agnostic interface to RESTful APIs, see https://swagger.io/specification/

The OpenApiDriver module implements a reader class that generates a test case for each endpoint, method and response that is defined in an OpenAPI document, typically an openapi.json or openapi.yaml file.

Note: OpenApiDriver is designed for APIs based on the OAS v3 The library has not been tested for APIs based on the OAS v2.

Getting started

Before trying to use OpenApiDriver to run automatic validations on the target API it's recommended to first ensure that the openapi document for the API is valid under the OpenAPI Specification.

This can be done using the command line interface of a package that is installed as a prerequisite for OpenApiDriver. Both a local openapi.json or openapi.yaml file or one hosted by the API server can be checked using the prance validate <reference_to_file> shell command:

prance validate http://localhost:8000/openapi.json
Processing "http://localhost:8000/openapi.json"...
 -> Resolving external references.
Validates OK as OpenAPI 3.0.2!

prance validate /tests/files/petstore_openapi.yaml
Processing "/tests/files/petstore_openapi.yaml"...
 -> Resolving external references.
Validates OK as OpenAPI 3.0.2!

You'll have to change the url or file reference to the location of the openapi document for your API.

Note: Although recursion is technically allowed under the OAS, tool support is limited and changing the API to not use recursion is recommended. At present OpenApiLibCore has limited support for parsing OpenAPI documents with recursion in them. See the recursion_limit and recursion_default parameters.

If the openapi document passes this validation, the next step is trying to do a test run with a minimal test suite. The example below can be used, with source and origin altered to fit your situation.

*** Settings ***
Library            OpenApiDriver
...                    source=http://localhost:8000/openapi.json
...                    origin=http://localhost:8000
Test Template      Validate Using Test Endpoint Keyword

*** Test Cases ***
Test Endpoint for ${method} on ${endpoint} where ${status_code} is expected

*** Keywords ***
Validate Using Test Endpoint Keyword
    [Arguments]    ${endpoint}    ${method}    ${status_code}
    Test Endpoint
    ...    endpoint=${endpoint}    method=${method}    status_code=${status_code}

Running the above suite for the first time is likely to result in some errors / failed tests. You should look at the Robot Framework log.html to determine the reasons for the failing tests. Depending on the reasons for the failures, different solutions are possible.

Details about the OpenApiDriver library parameters that you may need can be found here.

The OpenApiDriver also support handling of relations between resources within the scope of the API being validated as well as handling dependencies on resources outside the scope of the API. In addition there is support for handling restrictions on the values of parameters and properties.

Details about the mappings_path variable usage can be found here.

Limitations

There are currently a number of limitations to supported API structures, supported data types and properties. The following list details the most important ones:

  • Only JSON request and response bodies are supported.
  • No support for per-endpoint authorization levels (only simple 401 / 403 validation).
  • Parsing of OAS 3.1 documents is supported by the parsing tools, but runtime behavior is untested.