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		<title>Markov Chains for Fun and Profit</title>

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				<section>
          <h2>Markov chains for fun<br/><span class="strike-outer"><span class="strike-inner">and profit</span></span></h2><br/>
          <blockquote>
            "It is fatal to enter any war without the software."
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
				</section>
        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "People respond in accordance to how you relate to them and play the guitar."
            <br/><br/>
            - Willie Nelson Mandela <a href="http://twitter.com/WillieNelMan">@WillieNelMan</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

 <section>
  <table border="0" class="vert-middle" width="100%">
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">
        <h4>About me</h4>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">
        <h4>Jeremy Green - Consultant, Author, SaaS Guy, Techlahomer</h4>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="">
      <td>
        <img src="images/octologo.png" class="no-border">
      </td>
      <td>
        @jagthedrummer <br />
        jeremy@octolabs.com <br />
        <a href="http://www.octolabs.com/">http://www.octolabs.com/</a>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">
        <br/>
        <h4 class="fragmentno fade-in">Things I Enjoy : Dopamine, Serotonin</h4>
        <h4 class="fragmentno fade-in">Other Interests : Drumming, Photography, and Brewing</h4>
        <!--h4 class="fragment fade-in">okc dev community enthusiast - okcruby.org, okcjs.org</h4-->
      </td>
    </tr>
    
  </table>
  <aside class="notes">
    These items are in chronological order.<br />
    I've been drumming much more than half my life.<br />
    Coding, just about half.<br />
    * next fragment * <br />
    Thanks to Jesse and Vance of okcjs for organizing Thunder Plains.
    * next fragment * <br />
    I'm historically bad at Twitter, but trying to get better.<br />
    Contacting me through OctoLabs is more reliable.
  </aside>
</section>

        <section>
          <h1>Quote Masher</h1>
          <a href="http://quote-masher.herokuapp.com">quote-masher.herokuapp.com</a>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h1>These Slides</h1>
          <a href="http://octo-labs.github.io/markov_chains_for_fun_and_profit_java_version/">http://octo-labs.github.io<br/>/markov_chains_for_fun_and_profit_java_version/</a>
        </section>


        <section>
          <h1>What are Markov Chains?</h1>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>According to WikiPedia</h2>

          <h3>"A Markov Chain is a random process that undergoes transitions from one state to another on a state space"</h3>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>State Machines</h2>

          <h2>Behaving Randomly</h2>

          <img src="images/markov_chain.jpg" class="no-border"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h1>Deterministic State Machines</h1>
        </section>

        <section>
          <img src="images/orders.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>Markov Chains are Non-Deterministic</h3>
          <h3>"memoryless"</h3>
          <img src="images/markov_chain.jpg" class="no-border"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Applications for<br/>Markov Chains</h2>
        </section>

        <section>
          <img src="images/applications.png" class="no-border" style="max-height:600px"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Simulating Moods</h2>
          <img src="images/moods.gif"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Simulating Stocks</h2>
          <img src="images/stocks.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Simulating Weather</h2>
          <img src="images/weather.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Complex Chains</h2>
          <img src="images/complex.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Text processing</h2>

          <blockquote>
            "George Lucas doesn't have the duty to do good."
            <br/><br/>
            - PopeFranFordCoppola <a href="http://twitter.com/PopeFranFordCop">@PopeFranFordCop</a>
          </blockquote>

        </section>

         
        <section>
          <h2>An Example Deconstructed</h2>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote class="reg">
            "Never tell people how to make<br/>good fried rice."
            <br/><br/>
            - GeorgePattonOswalt  <a href="http://twitter.com/GeorgePattonOz">@GeorgePattonOz</a>
          </blockquote>

          <blockquote class="reg fragment fade-in">
            "Never tell people how to do things."
            <br/><br/>
            - General George Patton
          </blockquote>
          <blockquote class="reg fragment fade-in">
            "I know how to make good fried rice."
            <br/><br/>
            - Patton Oswalt
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <img src="markov1.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <img src="markov2.png"/>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Probability Function</h2>
          <img src="markov3.png"/>
          <code>rand(2)</code>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Choose your own adventure</h2>
          <hr />

          <h3>Quote Masher Admin Demo</h3>
          <a href="http://quote-masher.herokuapp.com/admin/accounts">quote-masher.herokuapp.com</a>

          <h2>OR</h2>

          <h3>Let's see some code!</h3>
        </section>


        <section>
          <h2>How would you code this?</h2>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Starting with tests, of course!</h2>
        </section>

        <section>
<pre><code class="plain">
  Feature: Markov Chainer
    As chainer
    I need to take sentences for training
    And combine them randomly
    So that I can create comedy

  Scenario: Accept a sentence for training
    Given a MarkovChainer
    Then it should be trainable


</code></pre>
        </section>
  
        <section>
<pre><code class="java">
  public class MarkovChainerStepDefs {
    private MarkovChainer myChainer;

    @Given("^a MarkovChainer$")
    public void a_MarkovChainer() throws Throwable {
      myChainer = new MarkovChainer();
    }

    @Then("^it should be trainable$")
    public void it_should_be_trainable() throws Throwable {
      String sentence = "Just a test sentence";
      myChainer.train(sentence);
    }
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>


        <section>
<pre><code class="text">
  Scenario: Regurgitating a sentence
    Given a MarkovChainer
    When I train it with "Heloooo there!"
    Then it should generate "Heloooo there!"

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
<pre><code class="text">
  @When("^I train it with \"([^\"]*)\"$")
  public void i_train_it_with(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    myChainer.train(arg1);
  }

  @Then("^it should generate \"([^\"]*)\"$")
  public void it_should_generate(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    String sentence = myChainer.generate();
    assertThat(sentence, is(arg1));
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>


        <section>
<pre><code class="text">
  Scenario: Mixing two sentences
    Given a MarkovChainer
    When I train it with "Ryan brews JAVA"
    When I train it with "Jeremy brews beer"
    And call generate 20 times
    Then it should generate "Ryan brews beer" at least once

</code></pre>
        </section>


        <section>
<pre><code class="java">
  private Hashtable&lt;String, Integer&gt; results = new Hashtable&lt;String, Integer&gt;();

  @When("^call generate (\\d+) times$")
  public void call_generate_times(int arg1) throws Throwable {
    for(int i=1; i&lt;arg1; i++){
      String sentence = myChainer.generate();
      Integer score = results.get(sentence);
      if(score == null){
        score = 0;
      }
      score++;
      results.put(sentence,score);
    }
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
<pre><code class="java">
  @Then("^it should generate \"([^\"]*)\" at least once$")
  public void it_should_generate_at_least_once(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    Integer score = results.get(arg1);
    if(score == null){
        score = 0;
    }
    boolean greaterThanZero = score &gt; 0;
    assertThat("greaterThanZero",greaterThanZero);
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
<pre><code class="ruby">
  # results
  {
    "Ryan brews JAVA" => 7,
    "Jeremy brews beer" => 5,
    "Ryan brews beer" => 4,
    "Jeremy brews JAVA" => 4
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>


        <section>
          <h1>Make with the live coding already!</h1>
        </section>


        <section>
          <h3>Just a <code>train</code> method</h3>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public class MarkovChainer {
    public void train(String s) { }
  }

</code></pre> 
<h3>One passing scenario!</h3>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>Regurgitating a sentence</h3>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public class MarkovChainer {
    private String sentence;

    public void train(String s) {
      sentence = s;
    }

    public String generate() {
      return sentence;
    }
  }

</code></pre> 
<h3>Two passing scenarios!</h3>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>A simple linked list</h3>
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  private class Word {
    private Word nextWord;
    private String word;
    public Word(String word, Word nextWord){
      this.word = w;
      this.nextWord = nextWord;
    }

    public Word nextWord(){
      return nextWord;
    }

    public String toString(){
      return word;
    }
  }

</code></pre> 
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  private ArrayList&lt;Word&gt; beginnings;

  public MarkovChainer(){
    beginnings = new ArrayList&lt;Word&gt;();
  }

</code></pre> 
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public void train(String s) {
    String[] swords = s.split(" ");
    Word previousWord = null;
    for(int i = swords.length -1; i>=0; i--){
      Word word = new Word(swords[i],previousWord);
      previousWord = word;
    }
    beginnings.add(previousWord);
  }

</code></pre> 
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public String generate() {
    StringJoiner words = new StringJoiner(" ");
    Word word = beginnings.get(0);
    while(word != null){
      words.add(word.toString());
      word = word.nextWord();
    }
    String sentence = words.toString();
    return sentence;
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>Still only two passing scenarios...</h3>
          <h1>:(</h1>
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  private class Word {
    private ArrayList&lt;Word&gt; nextWords;
    private String word;

    public Word(String w, Word nextWord){
      word = w;
      nextWords = new ArrayList&lt;Word&gt;();
      nextWords.add(nextWord);
    }

    public void addNextWord(Word w){
      nextWords.add(w);
    }
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  private class Word {

    public Word nextWord(){
      if(nextWords.size() > 0){
        Collections.shuffle(nextWords);
        return nextWords.get(0);
      }else{
        return null;
      }
    }

    public String toString(){
      return word;
    }
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>


        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  private ArrayList&lt;Word&gt; beginnings;
  private Hashtable&lt;String,Word&gt; words;

  public MarkovChainer(){
    beginnings = new ArrayList&lt;Word&gt;();
    words = new Hashtable&lt;String,Word&gt;();
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public void train(String s) {
    String[] swords = s.split(" ");
    Word previousWord = null;
    for(int i = swords.length -1; i>=0; i--){
      Word word = words.get(swords[i]);
      if(word != null){
        word.addNextWord(previousWord);
      }else{
        word = new Word(swords[i],previousWord);
        words.put(swords[i],word);
      }
      previousWord = word;
    }
    beginnings.add(previousWord);
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
         <pre><code class="java">
  public String generate() {
    StringJoiner words = new StringJoiner(" ");
    Collections.shuffle(beginnings);
    Word word = beginnings.get(0);
    while(word != null){
      words.add(word.toString());
      word = word.nextWord();
    }
    String sentence = words.toString();
    return sentence;
  }

</code></pre>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>Finally! 3 passing scenarios!</h3>
          <h1>:)</h1>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h3>Sample Code</h3>
          <a href="https://github.com/Octo-Labs/markov_quotes_java">https://github.com/Octo-Labs/markov_quotes_java</a>
        </section>

        <section>
          <h2>Quote Masher<br/>Admin Demo</h2>
          <a href="http://quote-masher.herokuapp.com/admin/accounts">quote-masher.herokuapp.com</a>
        </section>
        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "In war you win or lose live or die - and half the things a man knows at 40 hadn't been discovered when he is very probably wrong"
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Every revolutionary idea is just returned from visiting the stars."
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Any sufficiently advanced technology is very probably wrong"
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "The greatest tragedy in mankind's entire history may be summed up by the press and other forms of nationalism."
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>


        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Our government has kept us in a world where half the things a man knows at 40 hadn't been discovered when he is very probably wrong"
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "The best luck of all is the fact that flags do not wave in a constant conspiracy against the stars."
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        
        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Reading computer manuals without the hardware is as frustrating as reading sex manuals without the support of public opinion."
            <br/><br/>
            - GenMacArthurC.Clarke  <a href="http://twitter.com/GenMcArtCClarke">@GenMcArtCClarke</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Americans accept judicial supervision of their income so that the political class will not respect the boundaries he is pushing as Borat."
            <br/><br/>
            - George Will Ferrel  <a href="http://twitter.com/GeorgeWilFerrel">@GeorgeWilFerrel</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "I mean it's tough for me to play Simon Cowell in a position where you can make choices regardless of money."
            <br/><br/>
            - George Will Ferrel  <a href="http://twitter.com/GeorgeWilFerrel">@GeorgeWilFerrel</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Often times I'm confronted with a limited budget and we really felt strongly that we could live with a slice of processed cheese."
            <br/><br/>
            - George Will Ferrel  <a href="http://twitter.com/GeorgeWilFerrel">@GeorgeWilFerrel</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "The internet in hotels should be free - and it's the fundamental thing - the mercy of God has no limits."
            <br/><br/>
            - PopeFranFordCoppola <a href="http://twitter.com/PopeFranFordCop">@PopeFranFordCop</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        
        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "I don't want to be particularly clear you've probably misunderstood what I've said."
            <br/><br/>
            - WoodyAllenGreenspan <a href="http://twitter.com/WoodyAGreenspan">@WoodyAGreenspan</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "Seventy percent of success in life is that I am not afraid of death I just don't want to be there when it happens."
            <br/><br/>
            - WoodyAllenGreenspan <a href="http://twitter.com/WoodyAGreenspan">@WoodyAGreenspan</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "In Beverly Hills they turn out to 'freedom-kiss' my music business on the corporate sector."
            <br/><br/>
            - WoodyAllenGreenspan <a href="http://twitter.com/WoodyAGreenspan">@WoodyAGreenspan</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "My one regret in life is showing up."
            <br/><br/>
            - WoodyAllenGreenspan <a href="http://twitter.com/WoodyAGreenspan">@WoodyAGreenspan</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>

        <section>
          <blockquote>
            "You're going to go through life defeated and not having enough money."
            <br/><br/>
            - Billy Joel Osteen <a href="http://twitter.com/BillyJoelOsteen">@BillyJoelOsteen</a>
          </blockquote>
        </section>


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