[Lang Enhancement Proposal] Implement PblType_T, PblTypeList_T and file scope type tracking (dynamic type checking and conversion)

[Luna-Klatzer]

Affected area by change:

• Language Syntax: yes
• Language Library (Parac Base Library): yes
• Compiler: yes
• Pre-Processor: no
• Documentation: yes

Short Introduction and Summary

Currently, there are two proposals in this repo (#65 and #66) both aiming to provide new types, which would allow for the implementation of a compiler and pbl-managed type-list, which would keep track of all types and allow for dynamic initialisation, conversion and checking, by saving meta-data and allowing the user to "copy" from that to create new types.

Is your request related to a problem? Please describe.

• [Lang Enhancement Proposal] Implement PblAny_T type #66
• [Lang Enhancement Proposal] Implement PblDict_T type #65

Describe the solution you'd like

Implement the new type PblTypeMeta_T, which would track the functionality and meta-data of a type itself. That type should then be automatically saved in the global dictionary at runtime, e.g. right at runtime start.

Signatures:

• The type list itself:

  struct PblTypeList {
    /// @brief The actual allocated length
    int alloc_len;
    /// @brief The amount of items stored
    int t_amount;
    /// @brief The dictionary items
    PblType_T* t_items;
  };

• Creating a new type signature type:

  PblType_T* PblCreateNewType(size_t size, void* type_template, char* name, bool user_defined);

• Adding a new type to the type list:

  PblVoid_T PblAddTypeToTypeList(const PblType_T* type)

• Macro for defining a local type initialisation function that shall run at startup:

  #define INIT_LOCAL_TYPES                                                                                               \
  __attribute__((unused)) __attribute__((constructor))                                                             \
  __attribute__((deprecated("Compiler-Only Function - User Call Invalid!")))                           \
  static void PBL_CONSTRUCTOR_TYPES_INIT(void)

  This may be used like this:

  INIT_LOCAL_TYPES {
    PblAddTypeToTypeList(PblCreateNewType(...));
  };

Describe alternatives you've considered

None.

Additional context

• [Lang Enhancement Proposal] Implement PblPointer_T to differentiate between native pointers and user-defined pointers #69

[Luna-Klatzer]

Important changes in implementation:

• Types will now have an additional variable Pbl_T_SIGNATURE, which will store the pointer to the global type dictionary entry and allow that types don't have to search by their name for the entry.
• This specifically also means that the type dict will be more like a list storing all initialised types. As such, the PblTypeDict_T will be renamed to simply PblTypeList_T and furthermore handled as a list rather than a dictionary.
• The type tracking will be localised to the file, to avoid having to deal with name mangling. This also means that when including types from a header to a file, the local mangling will be applied (if necessary)

[Luna-Klatzer]

Most of the functionality has been now implemented in 88286b7f60f8079d74d0c7bb966777d2f9b20110