aws.go

package aws

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/hmac"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
	"time"

	regexp "github.com/wasilibs/go-re2"

	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/pb/detectorspb"

	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sns"
)

type scanner struct {
	verificationClient *http.Client
	skipIDs            map[string]struct{}
	detectors.DefaultMultiPartCredentialProvider
}

// resourceTypes derived from: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_identifiers.html#identifiers-unique-ids
var resourceTypes = map[string]string{
	"ABIA": "AWS STS service bearer token",
	"ACCA": "Context-specific credential",
	"AGPA": "User group",
	"AIDA": "IAM user",
	"AIPA": "Amazon EC2 instance profile",
	"AKIA": "Access key",
	"ANPA": "Managed policy",
	"ANVA": "Version in a managed policy",
	"APKA": "Public key",
	"AROA": "Role",
	"ASCA": "Certificate",
	"ASIA": "Temporary (AWS STS) access key IDs",
}

var thinkstCanaryList = map[string]struct{}{
	"052310077262": {},
	"171436882533": {},
	"534261010715": {},
	"595918472158": {},
	"717712589309": {},
	"819147034852": {},
	"992382622183": {},
	"730335385048": {},
}

const thinkstMessage = "This is an AWS canary token generated at canarytokens.org, and was not set off; learn more here: https://trufflesecurity.com/canaries"

var thinkstKnockoffsCanaryList = map[string]struct{}{
	"044858866125": {},
	"251535659677": {},
	"344043088457": {},
	"351906852752": {},
	"390477818340": {},
	"426127672474": {},
	"427150556519": {},
	"439872796651": {},
	"445142720921": {},
	"465867158099": {},
	"637958123769": {},
	"693412236332": {},
	"732624840810": {},
	"735421457923": {},
	"959235150393": {},
	"982842642351": {},
}

const thinkstKnockoffsMessage = "This is an off brand AWS Canary inspired by canarytokens.org. It wasn't set off; learn more here: https://trufflesecurity.com/canaries"

func New(opts ...func(*scanner)) *scanner {
	scanner := &scanner{
		skipIDs: map[string]struct{}{},
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {

		opt(scanner)
	}

	return scanner
}

func WithSkipIDs(skipIDs []string) func(*scanner) {
	return func(s *scanner) {
		ids := map[string]struct{}{}
		for _, id := range skipIDs {
			ids[id] = struct{}{}
		}

		s.skipIDs = ids
	}
}

// Ensure the scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
var _ detectors.Detector = (*scanner)(nil)
var _ detectors.MultiPartCredentialProvider = (*scanner)(nil)
var _ detectors.CustomResultsCleaner = (*scanner)(nil)

var (
	defaultVerificationClient = common.SaneHttpClient()

	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
	// Key types are from this list https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_identifiers.html#identifiers-unique-ids
	idPat     = regexp.MustCompile(`\b((AKIA|ABIA|ACCA)[0-9A-Z]{16})\b`)
	secretPat = regexp.MustCompile(`[^A-Za-z0-9+\/]{0,1}([A-Za-z0-9+\/]{40})[^A-Za-z0-9+\/]{0,1}`)
	// Hashes, like those for git, do technically match the secret pattern.
	// But they are extremely unlikely to be generated as an actual AWS secret.
	// So when we find them, if they're not verified, we should ignore the result.
	falsePositiveSecretCheck = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-f0-9]{40}`)
)

// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
func (s scanner) Keywords() []string {
	return []string{
		"AKIA",
		"ABIA",
		"ACCA",
	}
}

func GetHash(input string) string {
	data := []byte(input)
	hasher := sha256.New()
	hasher.Write(data)
	return hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil))
}

func GetHMAC(key []byte, data []byte) []byte {
	hasher := hmac.New(sha256.New, key)
	hasher.Write(data)
	return hasher.Sum(nil)
}

// FromData will find and optionally verify AWS secrets in a given set of bytes.
func (s scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
	dataStr := string(data)

	idMatches := idPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
	secretMatches := secretPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)

	for _, idMatch := range idMatches {
		if len(idMatch) != 3 {
			continue
		}
		resIDMatch := strings.TrimSpace(idMatch[1])

		if s.skipIDs != nil {
			if _, ok := s.skipIDs[resIDMatch]; ok {
				continue
			}
		}

		for _, secretMatch := range secretMatches {
			if len(secretMatch) != 2 {
				continue
			}
			resSecretMatch := strings.TrimSpace(secretMatch[1])

			s1 := detectors.Result{
				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_AWS,
				Raw:          []byte(resIDMatch),
				Redacted:     resIDMatch,
				RawV2:        []byte(resIDMatch + resSecretMatch),
				ExtraData: map[string]string{
					"resource_type": resourceTypes[idMatch[2]],
				},
			}

			account, err := common.GetAccountNumFromAWSID(resIDMatch)
			if err == nil {
				s1.ExtraData["account"] = account
			}
			if _, ok := thinkstCanaryList[account]; ok {
				s1.ExtraData["is_canary"] = "true"
				s1.ExtraData["message"] = thinkstMessage
				if verify {
					verified, arn, err := s.verifyCanary(resIDMatch, resSecretMatch)
					if verified {
						s1.Verified = true
					}
					if arn != "" {
						s1.ExtraData["arn"] = arn
					}
					if err != nil {
						s1.SetVerificationError(err, resSecretMatch)
					}
				}
			}
			if _, ok := thinkstKnockoffsCanaryList[account]; ok {
				s1.ExtraData["is_canary"] = "true"
				s1.ExtraData["message"] = thinkstKnockoffsMessage
				if verify {
					verified, arn, err := s.verifyCanary(resIDMatch, resSecretMatch)
					if verified {
						s1.Verified = true
					}
					if arn != "" {
						s1.ExtraData["arn"] = arn
					}
					if err != nil {
						s1.SetVerificationError(err, resSecretMatch)
					}
				}
			}

			if verify && (s1.ExtraData["is_canary"] != "true") {
				isVerified, extraData, verificationErr := s.verifyMatch(ctx, resIDMatch, resSecretMatch, true)
				s1.Verified = isVerified
				// It'd be good to log when calculated account value does not match
				// the account value from verification. Should only be edge cases at most.
				// if extraData["account"] != s1.ExtraData["account"] && extraData["account"] != "" {//log here}

				// Append the extraData to the existing ExtraData map.
				// This will overwrite with the new verified values.
				for k, v := range extraData {
					s1.ExtraData[k] = v
				}
				if verificationErr != nil {
					s1.SetVerificationError(verificationErr, resSecretMatch)
				}
			}

			if !s1.Verified {
				// Unverified results that look like hashes are probably not secrets
				if falsePositiveSecretCheck.MatchString(resSecretMatch) {
					continue
				}
			}

			results = append(results, s1)
			// If we've found a verified match with this ID, we don't need to look for any more. So move on to the next ID.
			if s1.Verified {
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return results, nil
}

func (s scanner) ShouldCleanResultsIrrespectiveOfConfiguration() bool {
	return true
}

func (s scanner) verifyMatch(ctx context.Context, resIDMatch, resSecretMatch string, retryOn403 bool) (bool, map[string]string, error) {
	// REQUEST VALUES.
	method := "GET"
	service := "sts"
	host := "sts.amazonaws.com"
	region := "us-east-1"
	endpoint := "https://sts.amazonaws.com"
	now := time.Now().UTC()
	datestamp := now.Format("20060102")
	amzDate := now.Format("20060102T150405Z0700")

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, endpoint, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return false, nil, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")

	// TASK 1: CREATE A CANONICAL REQUEST.
	// http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-create-canonical-request.html
	canonicalURI := "/"
	canonicalHeaders := "host:" + host + "\n"
	signedHeaders := "host"
	algorithm := "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256"
	credentialScope := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s/aws4_request", datestamp, region, service)

	params := req.URL.Query()
	params.Add("Action", "GetCallerIdentity")
	params.Add("Version", "2011-06-15")
	params.Add("X-Amz-Algorithm", algorithm)
	params.Add("X-Amz-Credential", resIDMatch+"/"+credentialScope)
	params.Add("X-Amz-Date", amzDate)
	params.Add("X-Amz-Expires", "30")
	params.Add("X-Amz-SignedHeaders", signedHeaders)

	canonicalQuerystring := params.Encode()
	payloadHash := GetHash("") // empty payload
	canonicalRequest := method + "\n" + canonicalURI + "\n" + canonicalQuerystring + "\n" + canonicalHeaders + "\n" + signedHeaders + "\n" + payloadHash

	// TASK 2: CREATE THE STRING TO SIGN.
	stringToSign := algorithm + "\n" + amzDate + "\n" + credentialScope + "\n" + GetHash(canonicalRequest)

	// TASK 3: CALCULATE THE SIGNATURE.
	// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-calculate-signature.html
	hash := GetHMAC([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("AWS4%s", resSecretMatch)), []byte(datestamp))
	hash = GetHMAC(hash, []byte(region))
	hash = GetHMAC(hash, []byte(service))
	hash = GetHMAC(hash, []byte("aws4_request"))

	signature2 := GetHMAC(hash, []byte(stringToSign)) // Get Signature HMAC SHA256
	signature := hex.EncodeToString(signature2)

	// TASK 4: ADD SIGNING INFORMATION TO THE REQUEST.
	params.Add("X-Amz-Signature", signature)
	req.Header.Add("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8")
	req.URL.RawQuery = params.Encode()

	client := s.verificationClient
	if client == nil {
		client = defaultVerificationClient
	}

	extraData := map[string]string{
		"rotation_guide": "https://howtorotate.com/docs/tutorials/aws/",
	}

	res, err := client.Do(req)
	if err == nil {
		defer res.Body.Close()
		if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
			identityInfo := identityRes{}
			err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&identityInfo)
			if err == nil {
				extraData["account"] = identityInfo.GetCallerIdentityResponse.GetCallerIdentityResult.Account
				extraData["user_id"] = identityInfo.GetCallerIdentityResponse.GetCallerIdentityResult.UserID
				extraData["arn"] = identityInfo.GetCallerIdentityResponse.GetCallerIdentityResult.Arn
				return true, extraData, nil
			} else {
				return false, nil, err
			}
		} else if res.StatusCode == 403 {
			// Experimentation has indicated that if you make two GetCallerIdentity requests within five seconds that
			// share a key ID but are signed with different secrets the second one will be rejected with a 403 that
			// carries a SignatureDoesNotMatch code in its body. This happens even if the second ID-secret pair is
			// valid. Since this is exactly our access pattern, we need to work around it.
			//
			// Fortunately, experimentation has also revealed a workaround: simply resubmit the second request. The
			// response to the resubmission will be as expected. But there's a caveat: You can't have closed the body of
			// the response to the original second request, or read to its end, or the resubmission will also yield a
			// SignatureDoesNotMatch. For this reason, we have to re-request all 403s. We can't re-request only
			// SignatureDoesNotMatch responses, because we can only tell whether a given 403 is a SignatureDoesNotMatch
			// after decoding its response body, which requires reading the entire response body, which disables the
			// workaround.
			//
			// We are clearly deep in the guts of AWS implementation details here, so this all might change with no
			// notice. If you're here because something in this detector broke, you have my condolences.
			if retryOn403 {
				return s.verifyMatch(ctx, resIDMatch, resSecretMatch, false)
			}
			var body awsErrorResponseBody
			err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&body)
			if err == nil {
				// All instances of the code I've seen in the wild are PascalCased but this check is
				// case-insensitive out of an abundance of caution
				if strings.EqualFold(body.Error.Code, "InvalidClientTokenId") {
					return false, nil, nil
				} else {
					return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("request returned status %d with an unexpected reason (%s: %s)", res.StatusCode, body.Error.Code, body.Error.Message)
				}
			} else {
				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse the sts response body (%v)", err)
			}
		} else {
			return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("request to %v returned unexpected status %d", res.Request.URL, res.StatusCode)
		}
	} else {
		return false, nil, err
	}
}

func (s scanner) verifyCanary(resIDMatch, resSecretMatch string) (bool, string, error) {
	// Prep AWS Creds for SNS
	sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(&aws.Config{
		Region: aws.String("us-east-1"), // any region seems to work
		Credentials: credentials.NewStaticCredentials(
			resIDMatch,
			resSecretMatch,
			"",
		),
		HTTPClient: s.verificationClient,
	}))
	svc := sns.New(sess)

	// Prep vars and Publish to SNS
	_, err := svc.Publish(&sns.PublishInput{
		Message:     aws.String("foo"),
		PhoneNumber: aws.String("1"),
	})

	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not authorized to perform") {
		arn := strings.Split(err.Error(), "User: ")[1]
		arn = strings.Split(arn, " is not authorized to perform: ")[0]
		return true, arn, nil
	} else if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not match the signature you provided") {
		return false, "", nil
	} else if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "status code: 403") {
		return false, "", nil
	} else {
		return false, "", err
	}
}

func (s scanner) CleanResults(results []detectors.Result) []detectors.Result {
	if len(results) == 0 {
		return results
	}

	// For every ID, we want at most one result, preferably verified.
	idResults := map[string]detectors.Result{}
	for _, result := range results {
		// Always accept the verified result as the result for the given ID.
		if result.Verified {
			idResults[result.Redacted] = result
			continue
		}

		// Only include an unverified result if we don't already have a result for a given ID.
		if _, exist := idResults[result.Redacted]; !exist {
			idResults[result.Redacted] = result
		}
	}

	var out []detectors.Result
	for _, r := range idResults {
		out = append(out, r)
	}
	return out
}

type awsError struct {
	Code    string `json:"Code"`
	Message string `json:"Message"`
}

type awsErrorResponseBody struct {
	Error awsError `json:"Error"`
}

type identityRes struct {
	GetCallerIdentityResponse struct {
		GetCallerIdentityResult struct {
			Account string `json:"Account"`
			Arn     string `json:"Arn"`
			UserID  string `json:"UserId"`
		} `json:"GetCallerIdentityResult"`
		ResponseMetadata struct {
			RequestID string `json:"RequestId"`
		} `json:"ResponseMetadata"`
	} `json:"GetCallerIdentityResponse"`
}

func (s scanner) Type() detectorspb.DetectorType {
	return detectorspb.DetectorType_AWS
}

func (s scanner) Description() string {
	return "AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a comprehensive cloud computing platform offering a wide range of on-demand services like computing power, storage, databases. API keys for AWS can have varying amount of access to these services depending on the IAM policy attached."
}