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mem.c
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
* (C) Copyright 2000
* Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, [email protected].
*/
/*
* Memory Functions
*
* Copied from FADS ROM, Dan Malek ([email protected])
*/
#include <common.h>
#include <console.h>
#include <bootretry.h>
#include <cli.h>
#include <command.h>
#include <console.h>
#include <flash.h>
#include <hash.h>
#include <log.h>
#include <mapmem.h>
#include <rand.h>
#include <watchdog.h>
#include <asm/global_data.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
/* Create a compile-time value */
#ifdef MEM_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA
#define SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA 1
#define HELP_Q ", .q"
#else
#define SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA 0
#define HELP_Q ""
#endif
static int mod_mem(struct cmd_tbl *, int, int, int, char * const []);
/* Display values from last command.
* Memory modify remembered values are different from display memory.
*/
static ulong dp_last_addr, dp_last_size;
static ulong dp_last_length = 0x40;
static ulong mm_last_addr, mm_last_size;
static ulong base_address = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_MEM_SEARCH
static ulong dp_last_ms_length;
static u8 search_buf[64];
static uint search_len;
#endif
/* Memory Display
*
* Syntax:
* md{.b, .w, .l, .q} {addr} {len}
*/
#define DISP_LINE_LEN 16
static int do_mem_md(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr, length, bytes;
const void *buf;
int size;
int rc = 0;
/* We use the last specified parameters, unless new ones are
* entered.
*/
addr = dp_last_addr;
size = dp_last_size;
length = dp_last_length;
if (argc < 2)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
if ((flag & CMD_FLAG_REPEAT) == 0) {
/* New command specified. Check for a size specification.
* Defaults to long if no or incorrect specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 0)
return 1;
/* Address is specified since argc > 1
*/
addr = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
addr += base_address;
/* If another parameter, it is the length to display.
* Length is the number of objects, not number of bytes.
*/
if (argc > 2)
length = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
}
bytes = size * length;
buf = map_sysmem(addr, bytes);
/* Print the lines. */
print_buffer(addr, buf, size, length, DISP_LINE_LEN / size);
addr += bytes;
unmap_sysmem(buf);
dp_last_addr = addr;
dp_last_length = length;
dp_last_size = size;
return (rc);
}
static int do_mem_mm(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
return mod_mem (cmdtp, 1, flag, argc, argv);
}
static int do_mem_nm(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
return mod_mem (cmdtp, 0, flag, argc, argv);
}
static int do_mem_mw(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong writeval; /* 64-bit if SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA */
ulong addr, count;
int size;
void *buf, *start;
ulong bytes;
if ((argc < 3) || (argc > 4))
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
/* Check for size specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 1)
return 1;
/* Address is specified since argc > 1
*/
addr = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
addr += base_address;
/* Get the value to write.
*/
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA)
writeval = simple_strtoull(argv[2], NULL, 16);
else
writeval = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
/* Count ? */
if (argc == 4) {
count = hextoul(argv[3], NULL);
} else {
count = 1;
}
bytes = size * count;
start = map_sysmem(addr, bytes);
buf = start;
while (count-- > 0) {
if (size == 4)
*((u32 *)buf) = (u32)writeval;
else if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8)
*((ulong *)buf) = writeval;
else if (size == 2)
*((u16 *)buf) = (u16)writeval;
else
*((u8 *)buf) = (u8)writeval;
buf += size;
}
unmap_sysmem(start);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_MX_CYCLIC
static int do_mem_mdc(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
int i;
ulong count;
if (argc < 4)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
count = dectoul(argv[3], NULL);
for (;;) {
do_mem_md (NULL, 0, 3, argv);
/* delay for <count> ms... */
for (i=0; i<count; i++)
udelay(1000);
/* check for ctrl-c to abort... */
if (ctrlc()) {
puts("Abort\n");
return 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int do_mem_mwc(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
int i;
ulong count;
if (argc < 4)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
count = dectoul(argv[3], NULL);
for (;;) {
do_mem_mw (NULL, 0, 3, argv);
/* delay for <count> ms... */
for (i=0; i<count; i++)
udelay(1000);
/* check for ctrl-c to abort... */
if (ctrlc()) {
puts("Abort\n");
return 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CMD_MX_CYCLIC */
static int do_mem_cmp(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr1, addr2, count, ngood, bytes;
int size;
int rcode = 0;
const char *type;
const void *buf1, *buf2, *base;
ulong word1, word2; /* 64-bit if SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA */
if (argc != 4)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
/* Check for size specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 0)
return 1;
type = size == 8 ? "double word" :
size == 4 ? "word" :
size == 2 ? "halfword" : "byte";
addr1 = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
addr1 += base_address;
addr2 = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
addr2 += base_address;
count = hextoul(argv[3], NULL);
bytes = size * count;
base = buf1 = map_sysmem(addr1, bytes);
buf2 = map_sysmem(addr2, bytes);
for (ngood = 0; ngood < count; ++ngood) {
if (size == 4) {
word1 = *(u32 *)buf1;
word2 = *(u32 *)buf2;
} else if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
word1 = *(ulong *)buf1;
word2 = *(ulong *)buf2;
} else if (size == 2) {
word1 = *(u16 *)buf1;
word2 = *(u16 *)buf2;
} else {
word1 = *(u8 *)buf1;
word2 = *(u8 *)buf2;
}
if (word1 != word2) {
ulong offset = buf1 - base;
printf("%s at 0x%08lx (%#0*lx) != %s at 0x%08lx (%#0*lx)\n",
type, (ulong)(addr1 + offset), size, word1,
type, (ulong)(addr2 + offset), size, word2);
rcode = 1;
break;
}
buf1 += size;
buf2 += size;
/* reset watchdog from time to time */
if ((ngood % (64 << 10)) == 0)
WATCHDOG_RESET();
}
unmap_sysmem(buf1);
unmap_sysmem(buf2);
printf("Total of %ld %s(s) were the same\n", ngood, type);
return rcode;
}
static int do_mem_cp(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr, dest, count;
void *src, *dst;
int size;
if (argc != 4)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
/* Check for size specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 0)
return 1;
addr = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
addr += base_address;
dest = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
dest += base_address;
count = hextoul(argv[3], NULL);
if (count == 0) {
puts ("Zero length ???\n");
return 1;
}
src = map_sysmem(addr, count * size);
dst = map_sysmem(dest, count * size);
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_NOR_FLASH
/* check if we are copying to Flash */
if (addr2info((ulong)dst)) {
int rc;
puts ("Copy to Flash... ");
rc = flash_write((char *)src, (ulong)dst, count * size);
if (rc != 0) {
flash_perror(rc);
unmap_sysmem(src);
unmap_sysmem(dst);
return (1);
}
puts ("done\n");
unmap_sysmem(src);
unmap_sysmem(dst);
return 0;
}
#endif
memcpy(dst, src, count * size);
unmap_sysmem(src);
unmap_sysmem(dst);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_MEM_SEARCH
static int do_mem_search(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr, length, bytes, offset;
u8 *ptr, *end, *buf;
bool quiet = false;
ulong last_pos; /* Offset of last match in 'size' units*/
ulong last_addr; /* Address of last displayed line */
int limit = 10;
int used_len;
int count;
int size;
int i;
/* We use the last specified parameters, unless new ones are entered */
addr = dp_last_addr;
size = dp_last_size;
length = dp_last_ms_length;
if (argc < 3)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
if (!(flag & CMD_FLAG_REPEAT)) {
/*
* Check for a size specification.
* Defaults to long if no or incorrect specification.
*/
size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4);
if (size < 0 && size != CMD_DATA_SIZE_STR)
return 1;
argc--;
argv++;
while (argc && *argv[0] == '-') {
int ch = argv[0][1];
if (ch == 'q')
quiet = true;
else if (ch == 'l' && isxdigit(argv[0][2]))
limit = hextoul(argv[0] + 2, NULL);
else
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
argc--;
argv++;
}
/* Address is specified since argc > 1 */
addr = hextoul(argv[0], NULL);
addr += base_address;
/* Length is the number of objects, not number of bytes */
length = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
/* Read the bytes to search for */
end = search_buf + sizeof(search_buf);
for (i = 2, ptr = search_buf; i < argc && ptr < end; i++) {
if (MEM_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
u64 val = simple_strtoull(argv[i], NULL, 16);
*(u64 *)ptr = val;
} else if (size == -2) { /* string */
int len = min(strlen(argv[i]),
(size_t)(end - ptr));
memcpy(ptr, argv[i], len);
ptr += len;
continue;
} else {
u32 val = hextoul(argv[i], NULL);
switch (size) {
case 1:
*ptr = val;
break;
case 2:
*(u16 *)ptr = val;
break;
case 4:
*(u32 *)ptr = val;
break;
}
}
ptr += size;
}
search_len = ptr - search_buf;
}
/* Do the search */
if (size == -2)
size = 1;
bytes = size * length;
buf = map_sysmem(addr, bytes);
last_pos = 0;
last_addr = 0;
count = 0;
for (offset = 0;
offset < bytes && offset <= bytes - search_len && count < limit;
offset += size) {
void *ptr = buf + offset;
if (!memcmp(ptr, search_buf, search_len)) {
uint align = (addr + offset) & 0xf;
ulong match = addr + offset;
if (!count || (last_addr & ~0xf) != (match & ~0xf)) {
if (!quiet) {
if (count)
printf("--\n");
print_buffer(match - align, ptr - align,
size,
ALIGN(search_len + align,
16) / size, 0);
}
last_addr = match;
last_pos = offset / size;
}
count++;
}
}
if (!quiet) {
printf("%d match%s", count, count == 1 ? "" : "es");
if (count == limit)
printf(" (repeat command to check for more)");
printf("\n");
}
env_set_hex("memmatches", count);
env_set_hex("memaddr", last_addr);
env_set_hex("mempos", last_pos);
unmap_sysmem(buf);
used_len = offset / size;
dp_last_addr = addr + used_len;
dp_last_size = size;
dp_last_ms_length = length < used_len ? 0 : length - used_len;
return count ? 0 : CMD_RET_FAILURE;
}
#endif
static int do_mem_base(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
if (argc > 1) {
/* Set new base address.
*/
base_address = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
}
/* Print the current base address.
*/
printf("Base Address: 0x%08lx\n", base_address);
return 0;
}
static int do_mem_loop(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr, length, i, bytes;
int size;
volatile ulong *llp; /* 64-bit if SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA */
volatile u32 *longp;
volatile u16 *shortp;
volatile u8 *cp;
const void *buf;
if (argc < 3)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
/*
* Check for a size specification.
* Defaults to long if no or incorrect specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 0)
return 1;
/* Address is always specified.
*/
addr = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
/* Length is the number of objects, not number of bytes.
*/
length = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
bytes = size * length;
buf = map_sysmem(addr, bytes);
/* We want to optimize the loops to run as fast as possible.
* If we have only one object, just run infinite loops.
*/
if (length == 1) {
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
llp = (ulong *)buf;
for (;;)
i = *llp;
}
if (size == 4) {
longp = (u32 *)buf;
for (;;)
i = *longp;
}
if (size == 2) {
shortp = (u16 *)buf;
for (;;)
i = *shortp;
}
cp = (u8 *)buf;
for (;;)
i = *cp;
}
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
for (;;) {
llp = (ulong *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*llp++;
}
}
if (size == 4) {
for (;;) {
longp = (u32 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*longp++;
}
}
if (size == 2) {
for (;;) {
shortp = (u16 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*shortp++;
}
}
for (;;) {
cp = (u8 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*cp++;
}
unmap_sysmem(buf);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_LOOPW
static int do_mem_loopw(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
ulong addr, length, i, bytes;
int size;
volatile ulong *llp; /* 64-bit if SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA */
ulong data; /* 64-bit if SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA */
volatile u32 *longp;
volatile u16 *shortp;
volatile u8 *cp;
void *buf;
if (argc < 4)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
/*
* Check for a size specification.
* Defaults to long if no or incorrect specification.
*/
if ((size = cmd_get_data_size(argv[0], 4)) < 0)
return 1;
/* Address is always specified.
*/
addr = hextoul(argv[1], NULL);
/* Length is the number of objects, not number of bytes.
*/
length = hextoul(argv[2], NULL);
/* data to write */
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA)
data = simple_strtoull(argv[3], NULL, 16);
else
data = hextoul(argv[3], NULL);
bytes = size * length;
buf = map_sysmem(addr, bytes);
/* We want to optimize the loops to run as fast as possible.
* If we have only one object, just run infinite loops.
*/
if (length == 1) {
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
llp = (ulong *)buf;
for (;;)
*llp = data;
}
if (size == 4) {
longp = (u32 *)buf;
for (;;)
*longp = data;
}
if (size == 2) {
shortp = (u16 *)buf;
for (;;)
*shortp = data;
}
cp = (u8 *)buf;
for (;;)
*cp = data;
}
if (SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA && size == 8) {
for (;;) {
llp = (ulong *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*llp++ = data;
}
}
if (size == 4) {
for (;;) {
longp = (u32 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*longp++ = data;
}
}
if (size == 2) {
for (;;) {
shortp = (u16 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*shortp++ = data;
}
}
for (;;) {
cp = (u8 *)buf;
i = length;
while (i-- > 0)
*cp++ = data;
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_LOOPW */
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_MEMTEST
static ulong mem_test_alt(vu_long *buf, ulong start_addr, ulong end_addr,
vu_long *dummy)
{
vu_long *addr;
ulong errs = 0;
ulong val, readback;
int j;
vu_long offset;
vu_long test_offset;
vu_long pattern;
vu_long temp;
vu_long anti_pattern;
vu_long num_words;
static const ulong bitpattern[] = {
0x00000001, /* single bit */
0x00000003, /* two adjacent bits */
0x00000007, /* three adjacent bits */
0x0000000F, /* four adjacent bits */
0x00000005, /* two non-adjacent bits */
0x00000015, /* three non-adjacent bits */
0x00000055, /* four non-adjacent bits */
0xaaaaaaaa, /* alternating 1/0 */
};
num_words = (end_addr - start_addr) / sizeof(vu_long);
/*
* Data line test: write a pattern to the first
* location, write the 1's complement to a 'parking'
* address (changes the state of the data bus so a
* floating bus doesn't give a false OK), and then
* read the value back. Note that we read it back
* into a variable because the next time we read it,
* it might be right (been there, tough to explain to
* the quality guys why it prints a failure when the
* "is" and "should be" are obviously the same in the
* error message).
*
* Rather than exhaustively testing, we test some
* patterns by shifting '1' bits through a field of
* '0's and '0' bits through a field of '1's (i.e.
* pattern and ~pattern).
*/
addr = buf;
for (j = 0; j < sizeof(bitpattern) / sizeof(bitpattern[0]); j++) {
val = bitpattern[j];
for (; val != 0; val <<= 1) {
*addr = val;
*dummy = ~val; /* clear the test data off the bus */
readback = *addr;
if (readback != val) {
printf("FAILURE (data line): "
"expected %08lx, actual %08lx\n",
val, readback);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
*addr = ~val;
*dummy = val;
readback = *addr;
if (readback != ~val) {
printf("FAILURE (data line): "
"Is %08lx, should be %08lx\n",
readback, ~val);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
}
}
/*
* Based on code whose Original Author and Copyright
* information follows: Copyright (c) 1998 by Michael
* Barr. This software is placed into the public
* domain and may be used for any purpose. However,
* this notice must not be changed or removed and no
* warranty is either expressed or implied by its
* publication or distribution.
*/
/*
* Address line test
* Description: Test the address bus wiring in a
* memory region by performing a walking
* 1's test on the relevant bits of the
* address and checking for aliasing.
* This test will find single-bit
* address failures such as stuck-high,
* stuck-low, and shorted pins. The base
* address and size of the region are
* selected by the caller.
* Notes: For best results, the selected base
* address should have enough LSB 0's to
* guarantee single address bit changes.
* For example, to test a 64-Kbyte
* region, select a base address on a
* 64-Kbyte boundary. Also, select the
* region size as a power-of-two if at
* all possible.
*
* Returns: 0 if the test succeeds, 1 if the test fails.
*/
pattern = (vu_long) 0xaaaaaaaa;
anti_pattern = (vu_long) 0x55555555;
debug("%s:%d: length = 0x%.8lx\n", __func__, __LINE__, num_words);
/*
* Write the default pattern at each of the
* power-of-two offsets.
*/
for (offset = 1; offset < num_words; offset <<= 1)
addr[offset] = pattern;
/*
* Check for address bits stuck high.
*/
test_offset = 0;
addr[test_offset] = anti_pattern;
for (offset = 1; offset < num_words; offset <<= 1) {
temp = addr[offset];
if (temp != pattern) {
printf("\nFAILURE: Address bit stuck high @ 0x%.8lx:"
" expected 0x%.8lx, actual 0x%.8lx\n",
start_addr + offset*sizeof(vu_long),
pattern, temp);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
}
addr[test_offset] = pattern;
WATCHDOG_RESET();
/*
* Check for addr bits stuck low or shorted.
*/
for (test_offset = 1; test_offset < num_words; test_offset <<= 1) {
addr[test_offset] = anti_pattern;
for (offset = 1; offset < num_words; offset <<= 1) {
temp = addr[offset];
if ((temp != pattern) && (offset != test_offset)) {
printf("\nFAILURE: Address bit stuck low or"
" shorted @ 0x%.8lx: expected 0x%.8lx,"
" actual 0x%.8lx\n",
start_addr + offset*sizeof(vu_long),
pattern, temp);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
}
addr[test_offset] = pattern;
}
/*
* Description: Test the integrity of a physical
* memory device by performing an
* increment/decrement test over the
* entire region. In the process every
* storage bit in the device is tested
* as a zero and a one. The base address
* and the size of the region are
* selected by the caller.
*
* Returns: 0 if the test succeeds, 1 if the test fails.
*/
num_words++;
/*
* Fill memory with a known pattern.
*/
for (pattern = 1, offset = 0; offset < num_words; pattern++, offset++) {
WATCHDOG_RESET();
addr[offset] = pattern;
}
/*
* Check each location and invert it for the second pass.
*/
for (pattern = 1, offset = 0; offset < num_words; pattern++, offset++) {
WATCHDOG_RESET();
temp = addr[offset];
if (temp != pattern) {
printf("\nFAILURE (read/write) @ 0x%.8lx:"
" expected 0x%.8lx, actual 0x%.8lx)\n",
start_addr + offset*sizeof(vu_long),
pattern, temp);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
anti_pattern = ~pattern;
addr[offset] = anti_pattern;
}
/*
* Check each location for the inverted pattern and zero it.
*/
for (pattern = 1, offset = 0; offset < num_words; pattern++, offset++) {
WATCHDOG_RESET();
anti_pattern = ~pattern;
temp = addr[offset];
if (temp != anti_pattern) {
printf("\nFAILURE (read/write): @ 0x%.8lx:"
" expected 0x%.8lx, actual 0x%.8lx)\n",
start_addr + offset*sizeof(vu_long),
anti_pattern, temp);
errs++;
if (ctrlc())
return -1;
}
addr[offset] = 0;
}
return errs;
}
static int compare_regions(volatile unsigned long *bufa,
volatile unsigned long *bufb, size_t count)
{
volatile unsigned long *p1 = bufa;
volatile unsigned long *p2 = bufb;
int errs = 0;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++, p1++, p2++) {
if (*p1 != *p2) {
printf("FAILURE: 0x%08lx != 0x%08lx (delta=0x%08lx -> bit %ld) at offset 0x%08lx\n",
(unsigned long)*p1, (unsigned long)*p2,
*p1 ^ *p2, __ffs(*p1 ^ *p2),
(unsigned long)(i * sizeof(unsigned long)));
errs++;
}
}
return errs;
}
static ulong test_bitflip_comparison(volatile unsigned long *bufa,
volatile unsigned long *bufb, size_t count)
{
volatile unsigned long *p1 = bufa;
volatile unsigned long *p2 = bufb;
unsigned int j, k;
unsigned long q;
size_t i;
int max;
int errs = 0;
max = sizeof(unsigned long) * 8;
for (k = 0; k < max; k++) {
q = 0x00000001L << k;
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
WATCHDOG_RESET();
q = ~q;
p1 = (volatile unsigned long *)bufa;
p2 = (volatile unsigned long *)bufb;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
*p1++ = *p2++ = (i % 2) == 0 ? q : ~q;
errs += compare_regions(bufa, bufb, count);
}
if (ctrlc())
return -1UL;
}
return errs;
}
static ulong mem_test_bitflip(vu_long *buf, ulong start, ulong end)
{
/*
* Split the specified range into two halves.
* Note that mtest range is inclusive of start,end.
* Bitflip test instead uses a count (of 32-bit words).
*/
ulong half_size = (end - start + 1) / 2 / sizeof(unsigned long);
return test_bitflip_comparison(buf, buf + half_size, half_size);
}