diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6e5a2b48e..2e71c06bc 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 /ipch
 /msvc-projects
 /src
+/docs/_ffmpeg
 
 # Testing.
 *.spyderproject
diff --git a/av/data/stream.pyx b/av/data/stream.pyx
index e8d6624e2..8136c6395 100644
--- a/av/data/stream.pyx
+++ b/av/data/stream.pyx
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ cimport libav as lib
 
 cdef class DataStream(Stream):
     def __repr__(self):
-        cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
-        _type = self.type or "<notype>"
-        name = self.name or "<nocodec>"
-
-        return f"<av.{cls_name} #{self.index} {_type}/{name} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
+        return (
+            f"<av.{self.__class__.__name__} #{self.index} {self.type or '<notype>'}/"
+            f"{self.name or '<nocodec>'} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
+        )
 
     def encode(self, frame=None):
         return []
diff --git a/av/subtitles/codeccontext.pyx b/av/subtitles/codeccontext.pyx
index c3f433abe..227add919 100644
--- a/av/subtitles/codeccontext.pyx
+++ b/av/subtitles/codeccontext.pyx
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from av.subtitles.subtitle cimport SubtitleProxy, SubtitleSet
 
 
 cdef class SubtitleCodecContext(CodecContext):
-
     cdef _send_packet_and_recv(self, Packet packet):
         cdef SubtitleProxy proxy = SubtitleProxy()
 
diff --git a/av/subtitles/stream.pyx b/av/subtitles/stream.pyx
index aea5c57e2..8da6043f0 100644
--- a/av/subtitles/stream.pyx
+++ b/av/subtitles/stream.pyx
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-
 cdef class SubtitleStream(Stream):
     pass
diff --git a/av/subtitles/subtitle.pyx b/av/subtitles/subtitle.pyx
index 9e98f01aa..5b2fc8a4a 100644
--- a/av/subtitles/subtitle.pyx
+++ b/av/subtitles/subtitle.pyx
@@ -7,18 +7,13 @@ cdef class SubtitleProxy:
 
 
 cdef class SubtitleSet:
-
     def __cinit__(self, SubtitleProxy proxy):
         self.proxy = proxy
         cdef int i
         self.rects = tuple(build_subtitle(self, i) for i in range(self.proxy.struct.num_rects))
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s.%s at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            id(self),
-        )
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
 
     @property
     def format(self): return self.proxy.struct.format
@@ -64,7 +59,6 @@ cdef Subtitle build_subtitle(SubtitleSet subtitle, int index):
 
 
 cdef class Subtitle:
-
     def __cinit__(self, SubtitleSet subtitle, int index):
         if index < 0 or <unsigned int>index >= subtitle.proxy.struct.num_rects:
             raise ValueError("subtitle rect index out of range")
@@ -80,18 +74,13 @@ cdef class Subtitle:
         elif self.ptr.type == lib.SUBTITLE_ASS:
             self.type = b"ass"
         else:
-            raise ValueError("unknown subtitle type %r" % self.ptr.type)
+            raise ValueError(f"unknown subtitle type {self.ptr.type!r}")
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s.%s at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            id(self),
-        )
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
 
 
 cdef class BitmapSubtitle(Subtitle):
-
     def __cinit__(self, SubtitleSet subtitle, int index):
         self.planes = tuple(
             BitmapSubtitlePlane(self, i)
@@ -100,14 +89,9 @@ cdef class BitmapSubtitle(Subtitle):
         )
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s.%s %dx%d at %d,%d; at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.width,
-            self.height,
-            self.x,
-            self.y,
-            id(self),
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} "
+            f"{self.width}x{self.height} at {self.x},{self.y}; at 0x{id(self):x}>"
         )
 
     @property
@@ -132,9 +116,7 @@ cdef class BitmapSubtitle(Subtitle):
 
 
 cdef class BitmapSubtitlePlane:
-
     def __cinit__(self, BitmapSubtitle subtitle, int index):
-
         if index >= 4:
             raise ValueError("BitmapSubtitles have only 4 planes")
         if not subtitle.ptr.linesize[index]:
@@ -146,34 +128,29 @@ cdef class BitmapSubtitlePlane:
         self._buffer = <void*>subtitle.ptr.data[index]
 
     # New-style buffer support.
-
     def __getbuffer__(self, Py_buffer *view, int flags):
         PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, self, self._buffer, self.buffer_size, 0, flags)
 
 
 cdef class TextSubtitle(Subtitle):
-
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s.%s %r at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.text,
-            id(self),
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} "
+            f"{self.text!r} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
         )
 
     @property
-    def text(self): return self.ptr.text
+    def text(self):
+        return self.ptr.text
 
 
 cdef class AssSubtitle(Subtitle):
-
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s.%s %r at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.ass,
-            id(self),
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} "
+            f"{self.ass!r} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
         )
 
     @property
-    def ass(self): return self.ptr.ass
+    def ass(self):
+        return self.ptr.ass
diff --git a/av/video/codeccontext.pyx b/av/video/codeccontext.pyx
index 70bc36d3f..e896b44f0 100644
--- a/av/video/codeccontext.pyx
+++ b/av/video/codeccontext.pyx
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from av.deprecation import AVDeprecationWarning
 
 
 cdef class VideoCodecContext(CodecContext):
-
     def __cinit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.last_w = 0
         self.last_h = 0
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ cdef class VideoCodecContext(CodecContext):
         self.ptr.time_base.den = self.ptr.framerate.num or lib.AV_TIME_BASE
 
     cdef _prepare_frames_for_encode(self, Frame input):
-
         if not input:
             return [None]
 
diff --git a/av/video/format.pyx b/av/video/format.pyx
index c9fac8e90..6ae66c3a2 100644
--- a/av/video/format.pyx
+++ b/av/video/format.pyx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ cdef object _cinit_bypass_sentinel = object()
 cdef VideoFormat get_video_format(lib.AVPixelFormat c_format, unsigned int width, unsigned int height):
     if c_format == lib.AV_PIX_FMT_NONE:
         return None
+
     cdef VideoFormat format = VideoFormat.__new__(VideoFormat, _cinit_bypass_sentinel)
     format._init(c_format, width, height)
     return format
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ cdef class VideoFormat:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         if self.width or self.height:
-            return "<av.%s %s, %dx%d>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.width, self.height)
+            return f"<av.{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}, {self.width}x{self.height}>"
         else:
-            return "<av.%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)
+            return f"<av.{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
 
     def __int__(self):
         return int(self.pix_fmt)
@@ -129,7 +130,6 @@ cdef class VideoFormat:
 
 
 cdef class VideoFormatComponent:
-
     def __cinit__(self, VideoFormat format, size_t index):
         self.format = format
         self.index = index
diff --git a/av/video/frame.pyx b/av/video/frame.pyx
index 60a2addf2..4425e18a9 100644
--- a/av/video/frame.pyx
+++ b/av/video/frame.pyx
@@ -77,9 +77,7 @@ cdef useful_array(VideoPlane plane, unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=1, str dtype="u
 
 
 cdef class VideoFrame(Frame):
-
     def __cinit__(self, width=0, height=0, format="yuv420p"):
-
         if width is _cinit_bypass_sentinel:
             return
 
@@ -88,7 +86,6 @@ cdef class VideoFrame(Frame):
         self._init(c_format, width, height)
 
     cdef _init(self, lib.AVPixelFormat format, unsigned int width, unsigned int height):
-
         cdef int res = 0
 
         with nogil:
@@ -126,14 +123,9 @@ cdef class VideoFrame(Frame):
         self._np_buffer = None
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<av.%s #%d, pts=%s %s %dx%d at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.index,
-            self.pts,
-            self.format.name,
-            self.width,
-            self.height,
-            id(self),
+        return (
+            f"<av.{self.__class__.__name__} #{self.index}, pts={self.pts} "
+            f"{self.format.name} {self.width}x{self.height} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
         )
 
     @property
@@ -367,7 +359,9 @@ cdef class VideoFrame(Frame):
                 useful_array(frame.planes[1], 2)
             )).reshape(-1, frame.width)
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Conversion to numpy array with format `%s` is not yet supported" % frame.format.name)
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Conversion to numpy array with format `{frame.format.name}` is not yet supported"
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_image(img):
diff --git a/av/video/plane.pyx b/av/video/plane.pyx
index 6bf03b1bc..908b48716 100644
--- a/av/video/plane.pyx
+++ b/av/video/plane.pyx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ cdef class VideoPlane(Plane):
                 self.height = component.height
                 break
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError("could not find plane %d of %r" % (index, frame.format))
+            raise RuntimeError(f"could not find plane {index} of {frame.format!r}")
 
         # Sometimes, linesize is negative (and that is meaningful). We are only
         # insisting that the buffer size be based on the extent of linesize, and
diff --git a/av/video/reformatter.pyx b/av/video/reformatter.pyx
index ee599b817..b36b646c5 100644
--- a/av/video/reformatter.pyx
+++ b/av/video/reformatter.pyx
@@ -150,12 +150,8 @@ cdef class VideoReformatter:
         cdef int brightness, contrast, saturation
         cdef int ret
 
-        if (
-            src_colorspace != dst_colorspace or
-            src_color_range != dst_color_range
-        ):
+        if src_colorspace != dst_colorspace or src_color_range != dst_color_range:
             with nogil:
-
                 # Casts for const-ness, because Cython isn't expressive enough.
                 ret = lib.sws_getColorspaceDetails(
                     self.ptr,
@@ -171,7 +167,6 @@ cdef class VideoReformatter:
             err_check(ret)
 
             with nogil:
-
                 # Grab the coefficients for the requested transforms.
                 # The inv_table brings us to linear, and `tbl` to the new space.
                 if src_colorspace != lib.SWS_CS_DEFAULT:
diff --git a/av/video/stream.pyx b/av/video/stream.pyx
index 9f4bacc87..08949be2e 100644
--- a/av/video/stream.pyx
+++ b/av/video/stream.pyx
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 cdef class VideoStream(Stream):
-
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<av.%s #%d %s, %s %dx%d at 0x%x>" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.index,
-            self.name,
-            self.format.name if self.format else None,
-            self.codec_context.width,
-            self.codec_context.height,
-            id(self),
+        return (
+            f"<av.{self.__class__.__name__} #{self.index} {self.name}, "
+            f"{self.format.name if self.format else None} {self.codec_context.width}x"
+            f"{self.codec_context.height} at 0x{id(self):x}>"
         )