Artisan is the name of the command-line interface included with Laravel. It provides a number of helpful commands for your use while developing your application. It is driven by the powerful Symfony Console component.
artisan 是 laravel 的命令行工具，提供一些辅助开发的功能。它主要是受 php 框架 Symfony 的控制台组件启发。
To view a list of all available Artisan commands, you may use the list command:
list 子命令可以查看所有可用的 artisan 子命令。
列出所有可用命令
php artisan list
Every command also includes a "help" screen which displays and describes the command's available arguments and options. To view a help screen, simply precede the name of the command with help:
我们可以通过 help 子命令获得某个子命令的使用方法， 以 migrate 子命令为例:
获得 migrate 命令的帮助信息
php artisan help migrate
You may specify the configuration environment that should be used while running a command using the --env switch:
有时候我们需要指定命令执行的环境，使用 --env 参数：
指定配置环境
php artisan migrate --env=local
You may also view the current version of your Laravel installation usin--g the --version option:
通过 --version 选项可以获得当前安装的 laravel 版本:
现实当前 laravel 版本
php artisan --version