diff --git a/hpx/runtime/serialization/variant.hpp b/hpx/runtime/serialization/variant.hpp
index 53d2aab1d4a6..f377241cea3b 100644
--- a/hpx/runtime/serialization/variant.hpp
+++ b/hpx/runtime/serialization/variant.hpp
@@ -1,88 +1,40 @@
-//  copyright (c) 2005
-//  troy d. straszheim <troy@resophonic.com>
-//  http://www.resophonic.com
 //  Copyright (c) 2015 Anton Bikineev
+//  Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Hartmut Kaiser
 //
 //  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
 //  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
-#ifndef HPX_SERIALIZATION_VARIANT_HPP
-#define HPX_SERIALIZATION_VARIANT_HPP
+#if !defined(HPX_DATASTRUCTURES_VARIANT_SERIALIZATION_HPP)
+#define HPX_DATASTRUCTURES_VARIANT_SERIALIZATION_HPP
 
 #include <hpx/config.hpp>
-#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/serialization_fwd.hpp>
-#include <hpx/errors.hpp>
+#include <hpx/datastructures/variant.hpp>
 
-#include <boost/variant.hpp>
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/serialization_fwd.hpp>
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/boost_variant.hpp>
+#include <hpx/errors/throw_exception.hpp>
 
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace hpx { namespace serialization
 {
-    struct variant_save_visitor : boost::static_visitor<>
-    {
-        variant_save_visitor(output_archive& ar)
-          : m_ar(ar)
-        {}
-
-        template <typename T>
-        void operator()(T const& value) const
-        {
-            m_ar << value;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        output_archive & m_ar;
-    };
-
-    template <typename ... Ts>
-    struct variant_impl;
-
-    template <typename T, typename ... Ts>
-    struct variant_impl<T, Ts...>
-    {
-        template <typename V>
-        static void load(input_archive& ar, int which, V& v)
-        {
-            if (which == 0)
-            {
-            // note: A non-intrusive implementation (such as this one)
-            // necessary has to copy the value.  This wouldn't be necessary
-            // with an implementation that de-serialized to the address of the
-            // aligned storage included in the variant.
-                T value;
-                ar >> value;
-                v = std::move(value);
-                return;
-            }
-            variant_impl<Ts...>::load(ar, which - 1, v);
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct variant_impl<>
-    {
-        template <typename V>
-        static void load(input_archive& /*ar*/, int /*which*/, V& /*v*/)
-        {
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename ... T>
-    void save(output_archive& ar, boost::variant<T...> const& v, unsigned)
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    void save(output_archive& ar, hpx::util::variant<Ts...> const& v, unsigned)
     {
-        int which = v.which();
+        std::size_t which = v.index();
         ar << which;
-        variant_save_visitor visitor(ar);
-        v.apply_visitor(visitor);
+        detail::variant_save_visitor visitor(ar);
+        hpx::util::visit(visitor, v);
     }
 
-    template <typename ... T>
-    void load(input_archive& ar, boost::variant<T...>& v, unsigned)
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    void load(input_archive& ar, hpx::util::variant<Ts...>& v, unsigned)
     {
-        int which;
+        std::size_t which;
         ar >> which;
-        if (which >= static_cast<int>(sizeof...(T)))
+        if (which >= sizeof...(Ts))
         {
             // this might happen if a type was removed from the list of variant
             // types
@@ -90,11 +42,11 @@ namespace hpx { namespace serialization
               , "load<Archive, Variant, version>"
               , "type was removed from the list of variant types");
         }
-        variant_impl<T...>::load(ar, which, v);
+        detail::variant_impl<Ts...>::load(ar, which, v);
     }
 
     HPX_SERIALIZATION_SPLIT_FREE_TEMPLATE(
-        (template<typename ... T>), (boost::variant<T...>));
+        (template <typename ... Ts>), (hpx::util::variant<Ts...>));
 }}
 
-#endif //HPX_SERIALIZATION_VARIANT_HPP
+#endif
diff --git a/libs/datastructures/CMakeLists.txt b/libs/datastructures/CMakeLists.txt
index 149fbb28f23b..0fd494c05242 100644
--- a/libs/datastructures/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libs/datastructures/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.3.2 FATAL_ERROR)
 set(datastructures_headers
   hpx/datastructures/tuple.hpp
   hpx/datastructures/optional.hpp
+  hpx/datastructures/variant.hpp
   hpx/datastructures/detail/pack.hpp
+  hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp
 )
 
 set(datastructures_compat_headers
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ add_hpx_module(datastructures
   GLOBAL_HEADER_GEN ON
   EXCLUDE_FROM_GLOBAL_HEADER
     "hpx/datastructures/detail/pack.hpp"
+    "hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp"
   SOURCES ${datastructures_sources}
   HEADERS ${datastructures_headers}
   COMPAT_HEADERS ${datastructures_compat_headers}
diff --git a/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/hpx-no-inspect-files b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/hpx-no-inspect-files
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6cc0d8d4f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/hpx-no-inspect-files
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+variant.hpp
diff --git a/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..990a44cbab39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2813 @@
+// MPark.Variant
+//
+// Copyright Michael Park, 2015-2017
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef MPARK_VARIANT_HPP
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_HPP
+
+/*
+   variant synopsis
+
+namespace std {
+
+  // 20.7.2, class template variant
+  template <class... Types>
+  class variant {
+  public:
+
+    // 20.7.2.1, constructors
+    constexpr variant() noexcept(see below);
+    variant(const variant&);
+    variant(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <class T> constexpr variant(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <class T, class U, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(
+        in_place_type_t<T>, initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class U, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(
+        in_place_index_t<I>, initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    // 20.7.2.2, destructor
+    ~variant();
+
+    // 20.7.2.3, assignment
+    variant& operator=(const variant&);
+    variant& operator=(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <class T> variant& operator=(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    // 20.7.2.4, modifiers
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    T& emplace(Args&&...);
+
+    template <class T, class U, class... Args>
+    T& emplace(initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class... Args>
+    variant_alternative<I, variant>& emplace(Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class U, class...  Args>
+    variant_alternative<I, variant>& emplace(initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    // 20.7.2.5, value status
+    constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept;
+    constexpr size_t index() const noexcept;
+
+    // 20.7.2.6, swap
+    void swap(variant&) noexcept(see below);
+  };
+
+  // 20.7.3, variant helper classes
+  template <class T> struct variant_size; // undefined
+
+  template <class T>
+  constexpr size_t variant_size_v = variant_size<T>::value;
+
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<const T>;
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<volatile T>;
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<const volatile T>;
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  struct variant_size<variant<Types...>>;
+
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative; // undefined
+
+  template <size_t I, class T>
+  using variant_alternative_t = typename variant_alternative<I, T>::type;
+
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const T>;
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, volatile T>;
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const volatile T>;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, variant<Types...>>;
+
+  constexpr size_t variant_npos = -1;
+
+  // 20.7.4, value access
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<Types...>&) noexcept;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>&
+  get(variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>&&
+  get(variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const&
+  get(const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const&&
+  get(const variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <class T, class...  Types>
+  constexpr T& get(variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr T&& get(variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr const T& get(const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr const T&& get(const variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+  get_if(variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+  get_if(const variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<T>
+  get_if(variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<const T>
+  get_if(const variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  // 20.7.5, relational operators
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator==(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator!=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator<(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator>(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator<=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator>=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  // 20.7.6, visitation
+  template <class Visitor, class... Variants>
+  constexpr see below visit(Visitor&&, Variants&&...);
+
+  // 20.7.7, class monostate
+  struct monostate;
+
+  // 20.7.8, monostate relational operators
+  constexpr bool operator<(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator>(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator<=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator>=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator==(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator!=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+
+  // 20.7.9, specialized algorithms
+  template <class... Types>
+  void swap(variant<Types...>&, variant<Types...>&) noexcept(see below);
+
+  // 20.7.10, class bad_variant_access
+  class bad_variant_access;
+
+  // 20.7.11, hash support
+  template <class T> struct hash;
+  template <class... Types> struct hash<variant<Types...>>;
+  template <> struct hash<monostate>;
+
+} // namespace std
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <new>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+// MPark.Variant
+//
+// Copyright Michael Park, 2015-2017
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef MPARK_CONFIG_HPP
+#define MPARK_CONFIG_HPP
+
+// MSVC 2015 Update 3.
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_FULL_VER < 190024210)
+#error "MPark.Variant requires C++11 support."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __has_attribute
+#define __has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __has_builtin
+#define __has_builtin(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __has_include
+#define __has_include(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __has_feature
+#define __has_feature(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if __has_attribute(always_inline) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#define MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((__always_inline__)) inline
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#else
+#define MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
+#endif
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_addressof) || \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 7) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_BUILTIN_ADDRESSOF
+#endif
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#define MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE __builtin_unreachable()
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE __assume(false)
+#else
+#define MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE
+#endif
+
+#if __has_builtin(__type_pack_element)
+#define MPARK_TYPE_PACK_ELEMENT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_constexpr) && __cpp_constexpr >= 200704 && \
+    !(defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 9)
+#define MPARK_CPP11_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_constexpr) && __cpp_constexpr >= 201304
+#define MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+#if __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) || defined(__cpp_exceptions) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND))
+#define MPARK_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_generic_lambdas) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_integer_sequence)
+#define MPARK_INTEGER_SEQUENCE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_return_type_deduction) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_RETURN_TYPE_DEDUCTION
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_transparent_operators) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cpp_variable_templates) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_VARIABLE_TEMPLATES
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __has_include(<codecvt>)  // >= libstdc++-5
+#define MPARK_TRIVIALITY_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define MPARK_INCOMPLETE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#endif
+
+#endif  // MPARK_CONFIG_HPP
+
+// MPark.Variant
+//
+// Copyright Michael Park, 2015-2017
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef MPARK_IN_PLACE_HPP
+#define MPARK_IN_PLACE_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+
+namespace mpark {
+
+  struct in_place_t { explicit in_place_t() = default; };
+
+  template <std::size_t I>
+  struct in_place_index_t { explicit in_place_index_t() = default; };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct in_place_type_t { explicit in_place_type_t() = default; };
+
+#ifdef MPARK_VARIABLE_TEMPLATES
+  constexpr in_place_t in_place{};
+
+  template <std::size_t I> constexpr in_place_index_t<I> in_place_index{};
+
+  template <typename T> constexpr in_place_type_t<T> in_place_type{};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace mpark
+
+#endif  // MPARK_IN_PLACE_HPP
+
+// MPark.Variant
+//
+// Copyright Michael Park, 2015-2017
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef MPARK_LIB_HPP
+#define MPARK_LIB_HPP
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+
+#define MPARK_RETURN(...) \
+  noexcept(noexcept(__VA_ARGS__)) -> decltype(__VA_ARGS__) { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+namespace mpark {
+  namespace lib {
+    template <typename T>
+    struct identity { using type = T; };
+
+    inline namespace cpp14 {
+      template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+      struct array {
+        constexpr const T &operator[](std::size_t index) const {
+          return data[index];
+        }
+
+        T data[N == 0 ? 1 : N];
+      };
+
+      template <typename T>
+      using add_pointer_t = typename std::add_pointer<T>::type;
+
+      template <typename... Ts>
+      using common_type_t = typename std::common_type<Ts...>::type;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
+
+      template <bool B, typename T = void>
+      using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr T &&forward(remove_reference_t<T> &t) noexcept {
+        return static_cast<T &&>(t);
+      }
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr T &&forward(remove_reference_t<T> &&t) noexcept {
+        static_assert(!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                      "can not forward an rvalue as an lvalue");
+        return static_cast<T &&>(t);
+      }
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr remove_reference_t<T> &&move(T &&t) noexcept {
+        return static_cast<remove_reference_t<T> &&>(t);
+      }
+
+#ifdef MPARK_INTEGER_SEQUENCE
+      using std::integer_sequence;
+      using std::index_sequence;
+      using std::make_index_sequence;
+      using std::index_sequence_for;
+#else
+      template <typename T, T... Is>
+      struct integer_sequence {
+        using value_type = T;
+        static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept { return sizeof...(Is); }
+      };
+
+      template <std::size_t... Is>
+      using index_sequence = integer_sequence<std::size_t, Is...>;
+
+      template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+      struct make_index_sequence_concat;
+
+      template <std::size_t... Lhs, std::size_t... Rhs>
+      struct make_index_sequence_concat<index_sequence<Lhs...>,
+                                        index_sequence<Rhs...>>
+          : identity<index_sequence<Lhs..., (sizeof...(Lhs) + Rhs)...>> {};
+
+      template <std::size_t N>
+      struct make_index_sequence_impl;
+
+      template <std::size_t N>
+      using make_index_sequence = typename make_index_sequence_impl<N>::type;
+
+      template <std::size_t N>
+      struct make_index_sequence_impl
+          : make_index_sequence_concat<make_index_sequence<N / 2>,
+                                       make_index_sequence<N - (N / 2)>> {};
+
+      template <>
+      struct make_index_sequence_impl<0> : identity<index_sequence<>> {};
+
+      template <>
+      struct make_index_sequence_impl<1> : identity<index_sequence<0>> {};
+
+      template <typename... Ts>
+      using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>;
+#endif
+
+      // <functional>
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using equal_to = std::equal_to<>;
+#else
+      struct equal_to {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) == lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using not_equal_to = std::not_equal_to<>;
+#else
+      struct not_equal_to {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) != lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using less = std::less<>;
+#else
+      struct less {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) < lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using greater = std::greater<>;
+#else
+      struct greater {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) > lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using less_equal = std::less_equal<>;
+#else
+      struct less_equal {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) <= lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRANSPARENT_OPERATORS
+      using greater_equal = std::greater_equal<>;
+#else
+      struct greater_equal {
+        template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+        inline constexpr auto operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs) >= lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs))
+      };
+#endif
+    }  // namespace cpp14
+
+    inline namespace cpp17 {
+
+      // <type_traits>
+      template <bool B>
+      using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+
+      template <typename...>
+      struct voider : identity<void> {};
+
+      template <typename... Ts>
+      using void_t = typename voider<Ts...>::type;
+
+      namespace detail {
+        namespace swappable {
+
+          using std::swap;
+
+          template <typename T>
+          struct is_swappable {
+            private:
+            template <typename U,
+                      typename = decltype(swap(std::declval<U &>(),
+                                               std::declval<U &>()))>
+            inline static std::true_type test(int);
+
+            template <typename U>
+            inline static std::false_type test(...);
+
+            public:
+            static constexpr bool value = decltype(test<T>(0))::value;
+          };
+
+          template <bool IsSwappable, typename T>
+          struct is_nothrow_swappable {
+            static constexpr bool value =
+                noexcept(swap(std::declval<T &>(), std::declval<T &>()));
+          };
+
+          template <typename T>
+          struct is_nothrow_swappable<false, T> : std::false_type {};
+
+        }  // namespace swappable
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      using detail::swappable::is_swappable;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      using is_nothrow_swappable =
+          detail::swappable::is_nothrow_swappable<is_swappable<T>::value, T>;
+
+      // <functional>
+      namespace detail {
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct is_reference_wrapper : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct is_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+        template <bool, int>
+        struct Invoke;
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<true /* pmf */, 0 /* is_base_of */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmf, Arg &&arg, Args &&... args)
+            MPARK_RETURN((lib::forward<Arg>(arg).*pmf)(lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<true /* pmf */, 1 /* is_reference_wrapper */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmf, Arg &&arg, Args &&... args)
+            MPARK_RETURN((lib::forward<Arg>(arg).get().*pmf)(lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<true /* pmf */, 2 /* otherwise */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmf, Arg &&arg, Args &&... args)
+            MPARK_RETURN(((*lib::forward<Arg>(arg)).*pmf)(lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<false /* pmo */, 0 /* is_base_of */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmo, Arg &&arg)
+            MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Arg>(arg).*pmo)
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<false /* pmo */, 1 /* is_reference_wrapper */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmo, Arg &&arg)
+            MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<Arg>(arg).get().*pmo)
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct Invoke<false /* pmo */, 2 /* otherwise */> {
+          template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg>
+          inline static constexpr auto invoke(R T::*pmo, Arg &&arg)
+              MPARK_RETURN((*lib::forward<Arg>(arg)).*pmo)
+        };
+
+        template <typename R, typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+        inline constexpr auto invoke(R T::*f, Arg &&arg, Args &&... args)
+          MPARK_RETURN(
+              Invoke<std::is_function<R>::value,
+                     (std::is_base_of<T, lib::decay_t<Arg>>::value
+                          ? 0
+                          : is_reference_wrapper<lib::decay_t<Arg>>::value
+                                ? 1
+                                : 2)>::invoke(f,
+                                              lib::forward<Arg>(arg),
+                                              lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#endif
+        template <typename F, typename... Args>
+        inline constexpr auto invoke(F &&f, Args &&... args)
+          MPARK_RETURN(lib::forward<F>(f)(lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Args>
+      inline constexpr auto invoke(F &&f, Args &&... args)
+        MPARK_RETURN(detail::invoke(lib::forward<F>(f),
+                                    lib::forward<Args>(args)...))
+
+      namespace detail {
+
+        template <typename Void, typename, typename...>
+        struct invoke_result {};
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct invoke_result<void_t<decltype(lib::invoke(
+                                 std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...))>,
+                             F,
+                             Args...>
+            : identity<decltype(
+                  lib::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...))> {};
+
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Args>
+      using invoke_result = detail::invoke_result<void, F, Args...>;
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Args>
+      using invoke_result_t = typename invoke_result<F, Args...>::type;
+
+      namespace detail {
+
+        template <typename Void, typename, typename...>
+        struct is_invocable : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_invocable<void_t<invoke_result_t<F, Args...>>, F, Args...>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+        template <typename Void, typename, typename, typename...>
+        struct is_invocable_r : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_invocable_r<void_t<invoke_result_t<F, Args...>>,
+                              R,
+                              F,
+                              Args...>
+            : std::is_convertible<invoke_result_t<F, Args...>, R> {};
+
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Args>
+      using is_invocable = detail::is_invocable<void, F, Args...>;
+
+      template <typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
+      using is_invocable_r = detail::is_invocable_r<void, R, F, Args...>;
+
+      namespace detail {
+
+        template <bool Invocable, typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_nothrow_invocable {
+          static constexpr bool value =
+              noexcept(lib::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...));
+        };
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_nothrow_invocable<false, F, Args...> : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <bool Invocable, typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_nothrow_invocable_r {
+          private:
+          inline static R impl() {
+            return lib::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...);
+          }
+
+          public:
+          static constexpr bool value = noexcept(impl());
+        };
+
+        template <typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
+        struct is_nothrow_invocable_r<false, R, F, Args...> : std::false_type {};
+
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Args>
+      using is_nothrow_invocable = detail::
+          is_nothrow_invocable<is_invocable<F, Args...>::value, F, Args...>;
+
+      template <typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
+      using is_nothrow_invocable_r =
+          detail::is_nothrow_invocable_r<is_invocable_r<R, F, Args...>::value,
+                                         R,
+                                         F,
+                                         Args...>;
+
+      // <memory>
+#ifdef MPARK_BUILTIN_ADDRESSOF
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr T *addressof(T &arg) noexcept {
+        return __builtin_addressof(arg);
+      }
+#else
+      namespace detail {
+
+        namespace has_addressof_impl {
+
+          struct fail;
+
+          template <typename T>
+          inline fail operator&(T &&);
+
+          template <typename T>
+          inline static constexpr bool impl() {
+            return (std::is_class<T>::value || std::is_union<T>::value) &&
+                   !std::is_same<decltype(&std::declval<T &>()), fail>::value;
+          }
+
+        }  // namespace has_addressof_impl
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using has_addressof = bool_constant<has_addressof_impl::impl<T>()>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        inline constexpr T *addressof(T &arg, std::true_type) noexcept {
+          return std::addressof(arg);
+        }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        inline constexpr T *addressof(T &arg, std::false_type) noexcept {
+          return &arg;
+        }
+
+      }  // namespace detail
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr T *addressof(T &arg) noexcept {
+        return detail::addressof(arg, detail::has_addressof<T>{});
+      }
+#endif
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline constexpr T *addressof(const T &&) = delete;
+
+    }  // namespace cpp17
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct remove_all_extents : identity<T> {};
+
+    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+    struct remove_all_extents<array<T, N>> : remove_all_extents<T> {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using remove_all_extents_t = typename remove_all_extents<T>::type;
+
+    template <std::size_t N>
+    using size_constant = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, N>;
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+    struct indexed_type : size_constant<I> { using type = T; };
+
+    template <bool... Bs>
+    using all = std::is_same<integer_sequence<bool, true, Bs...>,
+                             integer_sequence<bool, Bs..., true>>;
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TYPE_PACK_ELEMENT
+    template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+    using type_pack_element_t = __type_pack_element<I, Ts...>;
+#else
+    template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+    struct type_pack_element_impl {
+      private:
+      template <typename>
+      struct set;
+
+      template <std::size_t... Is>
+      struct set<index_sequence<Is...>> : indexed_type<Is, Ts>... {};
+
+      template <typename T>
+      inline static std::enable_if<true, T> impl(indexed_type<I, T>);
+
+      inline static std::enable_if<false> impl(...);
+
+      public:
+      using type = decltype(impl(set<index_sequence_for<Ts...>>{}));
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+    using type_pack_element = typename type_pack_element_impl<I, Ts...>::type;
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+    using type_pack_element_t = typename type_pack_element<I, Ts...>::type;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MPARK_TRIVIALITY_TYPE_TRAITS
+    using std::is_trivially_copy_constructible;
+    using std::is_trivially_move_constructible;
+    using std::is_trivially_copy_assignable;
+    using std::is_trivially_move_assignable;
+#else
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_trivially_copy_constructible
+        : bool_constant<
+              std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value && __has_trivial_copy(T)> {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_trivially_move_constructible : bool_constant<__is_trivial(T)> {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_trivially_copy_assignable
+        : bool_constant<
+              std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value && __has_trivial_assign(T)> {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_trivially_move_assignable : bool_constant<__is_trivial(T)> {};
+#endif
+
+    template <typename T, bool>
+    struct dependent_type : T {};
+
+    template <typename Is, std::size_t J>
+    struct push_back;
+
+    template <typename Is, std::size_t J>
+    using push_back_t = typename push_back<Is, J>::type;
+
+    template <std::size_t... Is, std::size_t J>
+    struct push_back<index_sequence<Is...>, J> {
+      using type = index_sequence<Is..., J>;
+    };
+
+  }  // namespace lib
+}  // namespace mpark
+
+#undef MPARK_RETURN
+
+#endif  // MPARK_LIB_HPP
+
+
+namespace mpark {
+
+#ifdef MPARK_RETURN_TYPE_DEDUCTION
+
+#define AUTO auto
+#define AUTO_RETURN(...) { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+#define AUTO_REFREF auto &&
+#define AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(...) { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+#define DECLTYPE_AUTO decltype(auto)
+#define DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(...) { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+#else
+
+#define AUTO auto
+#define AUTO_RETURN(...) \
+  -> lib::decay_t<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)> { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+#define AUTO_REFREF auto
+#define AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(...)                                           \
+  -> decltype((__VA_ARGS__)) {                                            \
+    static_assert(std::is_reference<decltype((__VA_ARGS__))>::value, ""); \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                                   \
+  }
+
+#define DECLTYPE_AUTO auto
+#define DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(...) \
+  -> decltype(__VA_ARGS__) { return __VA_ARGS__; }
+
+#endif
+
+  class bad_variant_access : public std::exception {
+    public:
+    virtual const char *what() const noexcept override { return "bad_variant_access"; }
+  };
+
+  [[noreturn]] inline void throw_bad_variant_access() {
+#ifdef MPARK_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw bad_variant_access{};
+#else
+    std::terminate();
+    MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  class variant;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct variant_size;
+
+#ifdef MPARK_VARIABLE_TEMPLATES
+  template <typename T>
+  constexpr std::size_t variant_size_v = variant_size<T>::value;
+#endif
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct variant_size<const T> : variant_size<T> {};
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct variant_size<volatile T> : variant_size<T> {};
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct variant_size<const volatile T> : variant_size<T> {};
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  struct variant_size<variant<Ts...>> : lib::size_constant<sizeof...(Ts)> {};
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+  struct variant_alternative;
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+  using variant_alternative_t = typename variant_alternative<I, T>::type;
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, const T>
+      : std::add_const<variant_alternative_t<I, T>> {};
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, volatile T>
+      : std::add_volatile<variant_alternative_t<I, T>> {};
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, const volatile T>
+      : std::add_cv<variant_alternative_t<I, T>> {};
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, variant<Ts...>> {
+    static_assert(I < sizeof...(Ts),
+                  "index out of bounds in `std::variant_alternative<>`");
+    using type = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>;
+  };
+
+  constexpr std::size_t variant_npos = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+
+  namespace detail {
+
+    constexpr std::size_t not_found = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+    constexpr std::size_t ambiguous = static_cast<std::size_t>(-2);
+
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    inline constexpr std::size_t find_index() {
+      constexpr lib::array<bool, sizeof...(Ts)> matches = {
+          {std::is_same<T, Ts>::value...}
+      };
+      std::size_t result = not_found;
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); ++i) {
+        if (matches[i]) {
+          if (result != not_found) {
+            return ambiguous;
+          }
+          result = i;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+#else
+    inline constexpr std::size_t find_index_impl(std::size_t result,
+                                                 std::size_t) {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Bs>
+    inline constexpr std::size_t find_index_impl(std::size_t result,
+                                                 std::size_t idx,
+                                                 bool b,
+                                                 Bs... bs) {
+      return b ? (result != not_found ? ambiguous
+                                      : find_index_impl(idx, idx + 1, bs...))
+               : find_index_impl(result, idx + 1, bs...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    inline constexpr std::size_t find_index() {
+      return find_index_impl(not_found, 0, std::is_same<T, Ts>::value...);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template <std::size_t I>
+    using find_index_sfinae_impl =
+        lib::enable_if_t<I != not_found && I != ambiguous,
+                         lib::size_constant<I>>;
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    using find_index_sfinae = find_index_sfinae_impl<find_index<T, Ts...>()>;
+
+    template <std::size_t I>
+    struct find_index_checked_impl : lib::size_constant<I> {
+      static_assert(I != not_found, "the specified type is not found.");
+      static_assert(I != ambiguous, "the specified type is ambiguous.");
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    using find_index_checked = find_index_checked_impl<find_index<T, Ts...>()>;
+
+    struct valueless_t {};
+
+    enum class Trait { TriviallyAvailable, Available, Unavailable };
+
+    template <typename T,
+              template <typename> class IsTriviallyAvailable,
+              template <typename> class IsAvailable>
+    inline constexpr Trait trait() {
+      return IsTriviallyAvailable<T>::value
+                 ? Trait::TriviallyAvailable
+                 : IsAvailable<T>::value ? Trait::Available
+                                         : Trait::Unavailable;
+    }
+
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    template <typename... Traits>
+    inline constexpr Trait common_trait(Traits... traits_) {
+      Trait result = Trait::TriviallyAvailable;
+      lib::array<Trait, sizeof...(Traits)> traits = {{traits_...}};
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Traits); ++i) {
+        Trait t = traits[i];
+        if (static_cast<int>(t) > static_cast<int>(result)) {
+          result = t;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+#else
+    inline constexpr Trait common_trait_impl(Trait result) { return result; }
+
+    template <typename... Traits>
+    inline constexpr Trait common_trait_impl(Trait result,
+                                             Trait t,
+                                             Traits... ts) {
+      return static_cast<int>(t) > static_cast<int>(result)
+                 ? common_trait_impl(t, ts...)
+                 : common_trait_impl(result, ts...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Traits>
+    inline constexpr Trait common_trait(Traits... ts) {
+      return common_trait_impl(Trait::TriviallyAvailable, ts...);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    struct traits {
+      static constexpr Trait copy_constructible_trait =
+          common_trait(trait<Ts,
+                             lib::is_trivially_copy_constructible,
+                             std::is_copy_constructible>()...);
+
+      static constexpr Trait move_constructible_trait =
+          common_trait(trait<Ts,
+                             lib::is_trivially_move_constructible,
+                             std::is_move_constructible>()...);
+
+      static constexpr Trait copy_assignable_trait =
+          common_trait(copy_constructible_trait,
+                       trait<Ts,
+                             lib::is_trivially_copy_assignable,
+                             std::is_copy_assignable>()...);
+
+      static constexpr Trait move_assignable_trait =
+          common_trait(move_constructible_trait,
+                       trait<Ts,
+                             lib::is_trivially_move_assignable,
+                             std::is_move_assignable>()...);
+
+      static constexpr Trait destructible_trait =
+          common_trait(trait<Ts,
+                             std::is_trivially_destructible,
+                             std::is_destructible>()...);
+    };
+
+    namespace access {
+
+      struct recursive_union {
+#ifdef MPARK_RETURN_TYPE_DEDUCTION
+        template <typename V>
+        inline static constexpr auto &&get_alt(V &&v, in_place_index_t<0>) {
+          return lib::forward<V>(v).head_;
+        }
+
+        template <typename V, std::size_t I>
+        inline static constexpr auto &&get_alt(V &&v, in_place_index_t<I>) {
+          return get_alt(lib::forward<V>(v).tail_, in_place_index_t<I - 1>{});
+        }
+#else
+        template <std::size_t I, bool Dummy = true>
+        struct get_alt_impl {
+          template <typename V>
+          inline constexpr AUTO_REFREF operator()(V &&v) const
+            AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(get_alt_impl<I - 1>{}(lib::forward<V>(v).tail_))
+        };
+
+        template <bool Dummy>
+        struct get_alt_impl<0, Dummy> {
+          template <typename V>
+          inline constexpr AUTO_REFREF operator()(V &&v) const
+            AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(lib::forward<V>(v).head_)
+        };
+
+        template <typename V, std::size_t I>
+        inline static constexpr AUTO_REFREF get_alt(V &&v, in_place_index_t<I>)
+          AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(get_alt_impl<I>{}(lib::forward<V>(v)))
+#endif
+      };
+
+      struct base {
+        template <std::size_t I, typename V>
+        inline static constexpr AUTO_REFREF get_alt(V &&v)
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+          AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(recursive_union::get_alt(
+              lib::forward<V>(v).data_, in_place_index_t<I>{}))
+#else
+          AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(recursive_union::get_alt(
+              data(lib::forward<V>(v)), in_place_index_t<I>{}))
+#endif
+      };
+
+      struct variant {
+        template <std::size_t I, typename V>
+        inline static constexpr AUTO_REFREF get_alt(V &&v)
+          AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(base::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<V>(v).impl_))
+      };
+
+    }  // namespace access
+
+    namespace visitation {
+
+#if defined(MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_SWITCH_VISIT
+#endif
+
+      struct base {
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        using dispatch_result_t = decltype(
+            lib::invoke(std::declval<Visitor>(),
+                        access::base::get_alt<0>(std::declval<Vs>())...));
+
+        template <typename Expected>
+        struct expected {
+          template <typename Actual>
+          inline static constexpr bool but_got() {
+            return std::is_same<Expected, Actual>::value;
+          }
+        };
+
+        template <typename Expected, typename Actual>
+        struct visit_return_type_check {
+          static_assert(
+              expected<Expected>::template but_got<Actual>(),
+              "`visit` requires the visitor to have a single return type");
+
+          template <typename Visitor, typename... Alts>
+          inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO invoke(Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                       Alts &&... alts)
+            DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(lib::invoke(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                             lib::forward<Alts>(alts)...))
+        };
+
+#ifdef MPARK_VARIANT_SWITCH_VISIT
+        template <bool B, typename R, typename... ITs>
+        struct dispatcher;
+
+        template <typename R, typename... ITs>
+        struct dispatcher<false, R, ITs...> {
+          template <std::size_t B, typename F, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch(
+              F &&, typename ITs::type &&..., Vs &&...) {
+            MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE;
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t I, typename F, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch_case(F &&, Vs &&...) {
+            MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE;
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t B, typename F, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch_at(std::size_t,
+                                                             F &&,
+                                                             Vs &&...) {
+            MPARK_BUILTIN_UNREACHABLE;
+          }
+        };
+
+        template <typename R, typename... ITs>
+        struct dispatcher<true, R, ITs...> {
+          template <std::size_t B, typename F>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch(
+              F &&f, typename ITs::type &&... visited_vs) {
+            using Expected = R;
+            using Actual = decltype(lib::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<ITs::value>(
+                    lib::forward<typename ITs::type>(visited_vs))...));
+            return visit_return_type_check<Expected, Actual>::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<ITs::value>(
+                    lib::forward<typename ITs::type>(visited_vs))...);
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t B, typename F, typename V, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch(
+              F &&f, typename ITs::type &&... visited_vs, V &&v, Vs &&... vs) {
+#define MPARK_DISPATCH(I)                                                   \
+  dispatcher<(I < lib::decay_t<V>::size()),                                 \
+             R,                                                             \
+             ITs...,                                                        \
+             lib::indexed_type<I, V>>::                                     \
+      template dispatch<0>(lib::forward<F>(f),                              \
+                           lib::forward<typename ITs::type>(visited_vs)..., \
+                           lib::forward<V>(v),                              \
+                           lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...)
+
+#define MPARK_DEFAULT(I)                                                      \
+  dispatcher<(I < lib::decay_t<V>::size()), R, ITs...>::template dispatch<I>( \
+      lib::forward<F>(f),                                                     \
+      lib::forward<typename ITs::type>(visited_vs)...,                        \
+      lib::forward<V>(v),                                                     \
+      lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...)
+
+            switch (v.index()) {
+              case B + 0: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 0);
+              case B + 1: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 1);
+              case B + 2: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 2);
+              case B + 3: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 3);
+              case B + 4: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 4);
+              case B + 5: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 5);
+              case B + 6: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 6);
+              case B + 7: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 7);
+              case B + 8: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 8);
+              case B + 9: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 9);
+              case B + 10: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 10);
+              case B + 11: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 11);
+              case B + 12: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 12);
+              case B + 13: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 13);
+              case B + 14: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 14);
+              case B + 15: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 15);
+              case B + 16: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 16);
+              case B + 17: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 17);
+              case B + 18: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 18);
+              case B + 19: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 19);
+              case B + 20: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 20);
+              case B + 21: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 21);
+              case B + 22: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 22);
+              case B + 23: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 23);
+              case B + 24: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 24);
+              case B + 25: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 25);
+              case B + 26: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 26);
+              case B + 27: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 27);
+              case B + 28: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 28);
+              case B + 29: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 29);
+              case B + 30: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 30);
+              case B + 31: return MPARK_DISPATCH(B + 31);
+              default: return MPARK_DEFAULT(B + 32);
+            }
+
+#undef MPARK_DEFAULT
+#undef MPARK_DISPATCH
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t I, typename F, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch_case(F &&f,
+                                                               Vs &&... vs) {
+            using Expected = R;
+            using Actual = decltype(
+                lib::invoke(lib::forward<F>(f),
+                            access::base::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...));
+            return visit_return_type_check<Expected, Actual>::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...);
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t B, typename F, typename V, typename... Vs>
+          MPARK_ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr R dispatch_at(std::size_t index,
+                                                             F &&f,
+                                                             V &&v,
+                                                             Vs &&... vs) {
+            static_assert(lib::all<(lib::decay_t<V>::size() ==
+                                    lib::decay_t<Vs>::size())...>::value,
+                          "all of the variants must be the same size.");
+#define MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(I)                                               \
+  dispatcher<(I < lib::decay_t<V>::size()), R>::template dispatch_case<I>( \
+      lib::forward<F>(f), lib::forward<V>(v), lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...)
+
+#define MPARK_DEFAULT(I)                                                 \
+  dispatcher<(I < lib::decay_t<V>::size()), R>::template dispatch_at<I>( \
+      index, lib::forward<F>(f), lib::forward<V>(v), lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...)
+
+            switch (index) {
+              case B + 0: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 0);
+              case B + 1: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 1);
+              case B + 2: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 2);
+              case B + 3: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 3);
+              case B + 4: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 4);
+              case B + 5: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 5);
+              case B + 6: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 6);
+              case B + 7: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 7);
+              case B + 8: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 8);
+              case B + 9: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 9);
+              case B + 10: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 10);
+              case B + 11: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 11);
+              case B + 12: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 12);
+              case B + 13: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 13);
+              case B + 14: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 14);
+              case B + 15: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 15);
+              case B + 16: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 16);
+              case B + 17: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 17);
+              case B + 18: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 18);
+              case B + 19: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 19);
+              case B + 20: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 20);
+              case B + 21: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 21);
+              case B + 22: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 22);
+              case B + 23: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 23);
+              case B + 24: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 24);
+              case B + 25: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 25);
+              case B + 26: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 26);
+              case B + 27: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 27);
+              case B + 28: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 28);
+              case B + 29: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 29);
+              case B + 30: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 30);
+              case B + 31: return MPARK_DISPATCH_AT(B + 31);
+              default: return MPARK_DEFAULT(B + 32);
+            }
+
+#undef MPARK_DEFAULT
+#undef MPARK_DISPATCH_AT
+          }
+        };
+#else
+        template <typename T>
+        inline static constexpr const T &at(const T &elem) noexcept {
+          return elem;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, std::size_t N, typename... Is>
+        inline static constexpr const lib::remove_all_extents_t<T> &at(
+            const lib::array<T, N> &elems, std::size_t i, Is... is) noexcept {
+          return at(elems[i], is...);
+        }
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Fs>
+        inline static constexpr lib::array<lib::decay_t<F>, sizeof...(Fs) + 1>
+        make_farray(F &&f, Fs &&... fs) {
+          return {{lib::forward<F>(f), lib::forward<Fs>(fs)...}};
+        }
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+        struct make_fmatrix_impl {
+
+          template <std::size_t... Is>
+          inline static constexpr dispatch_result_t<F, Vs...> dispatch(
+              F &&f, Vs &&... vs) {
+            using Expected = dispatch_result_t<F, Vs...>;
+            using Actual = decltype(lib::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<Is>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...));
+            return visit_return_type_check<Expected, Actual>::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<Is>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...);
+          }
+
+#ifdef MPARK_RETURN_TYPE_DEDUCTION
+          template <std::size_t... Is>
+          inline static constexpr auto impl(lib::index_sequence<Is...>) {
+            return &dispatch<Is...>;
+          }
+
+          template <typename Is, std::size_t... Js, typename... Ls>
+          inline static constexpr auto impl(Is,
+                                            lib::index_sequence<Js...>,
+                                            Ls... ls) {
+            return make_farray(impl(lib::push_back_t<Is, Js>{}, ls...)...);
+          }
+#else
+          template <typename...>
+          struct impl;
+
+          template <std::size_t... Is>
+          struct impl<lib::index_sequence<Is...>> {
+            inline constexpr AUTO operator()() const
+              AUTO_RETURN(&dispatch<Is...>)
+          };
+
+          template <typename Is, std::size_t... Js, typename... Ls>
+          struct impl<Is, lib::index_sequence<Js...>, Ls...> {
+            inline constexpr AUTO operator()() const
+              AUTO_RETURN(
+                  make_farray(impl<lib::push_back_t<Is, Js>, Ls...>{}()...))
+          };
+#endif
+        };
+
+#ifdef MPARK_RETURN_TYPE_DEDUCTION
+        template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr auto make_fmatrix() {
+          return make_fmatrix_impl<F, Vs...>::impl(
+              lib::index_sequence<>{},
+              lib::make_index_sequence<lib::decay_t<Vs>::size()>{}...);
+        }
+#else
+        template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr AUTO make_fmatrix()
+          AUTO_RETURN(
+              typename make_fmatrix_impl<F, Vs...>::template impl<
+                  lib::index_sequence<>,
+                  lib::make_index_sequence<lib::decay_t<Vs>::size()>...>{}())
+#endif
+
+        template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+        struct make_fdiagonal_impl {
+          template <std::size_t I>
+          inline static constexpr dispatch_result_t<F, Vs...> dispatch(
+              F &&f, Vs &&... vs) {
+            using Expected = dispatch_result_t<F, Vs...>;
+            using Actual = decltype(
+                lib::invoke(lib::forward<F>(f),
+                            access::base::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...));
+            return visit_return_type_check<Expected, Actual>::invoke(
+                lib::forward<F>(f),
+                access::base::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...);
+          }
+
+          template <std::size_t... Is>
+          inline static constexpr AUTO impl(lib::index_sequence<Is...>)
+            AUTO_RETURN(make_farray(&dispatch<Is>...))
+        };
+
+        template <typename F, typename V, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr auto make_fdiagonal()
+            -> decltype(make_fdiagonal_impl<F, V, Vs...>::impl(
+                lib::make_index_sequence<lib::decay_t<V>::size()>{})) {
+          static_assert(lib::all<(lib::decay_t<V>::size() ==
+                                  lib::decay_t<Vs>::size())...>::value,
+                        "all of the variants must be the same size.");
+          return make_fdiagonal_impl<F, V, Vs...>::impl(
+              lib::make_index_sequence<lib::decay_t<V>::size()>{});
+        }
+#endif
+      };
+
+#if !defined(MPARK_VARIANT_SWITCH_VISIT) && \
+    (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910)
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      using fmatrix_t = decltype(base::make_fmatrix<F, Vs...>());
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      struct fmatrix {
+        static constexpr fmatrix_t<F, Vs...> value =
+            base::make_fmatrix<F, Vs...>();
+      };
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      constexpr fmatrix_t<F, Vs...> fmatrix<F, Vs...>::value;
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      using fdiagonal_t = decltype(base::make_fdiagonal<F, Vs...>());
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      struct fdiagonal {
+        static constexpr fdiagonal_t<F, Vs...> value =
+            base::make_fdiagonal<F, Vs...>();
+      };
+
+      template <typename F, typename... Vs>
+      constexpr fdiagonal_t<F, Vs...> fdiagonal<F, Vs...>::value;
+#endif
+
+      struct alt {
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_alt(Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                        Vs &&... vs)
+#ifdef MPARK_VARIANT_SWITCH_VISIT
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+              base::dispatcher<
+                  true,
+                  base::dispatch_result_t<Visitor,
+                                          decltype(as_base(
+                                              lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>>::
+                  template dispatch<0>(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                       as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(base::at(
+              fmatrix<Visitor &&,
+                      decltype(as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>::value,
+              vs.index()...)(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                             as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#else
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(base::at(
+              base::make_fmatrix<Visitor &&,
+                      decltype(as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>(),
+              vs.index()...)(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                             as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#endif
+
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_alt_at(std::size_t index,
+                                                           Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                           Vs &&... vs)
+#ifdef MPARK_VARIANT_SWITCH_VISIT
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+              base::dispatcher<
+                  true,
+                  base::dispatch_result_t<Visitor,
+                                          decltype(as_base(
+                                              lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>>::
+                  template dispatch_at<0>(index,
+                                          lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                          as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(base::at(
+              fdiagonal<Visitor &&,
+                        decltype(as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>::value,
+              index)(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                     as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#else
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(base::at(
+              base::make_fdiagonal<Visitor &&,
+                        decltype(as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs)))...>(),
+              index)(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                     as_base(lib::forward<Vs>(vs))...))
+#endif
+      };
+
+      struct variant {
+        private:
+        template <typename Visitor>
+        struct visitor {
+          template <typename... Values>
+          inline static constexpr bool does_not_handle() {
+            return lib::is_invocable<Visitor, Values...>::value;
+          }
+        };
+
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Values>
+        struct visit_exhaustiveness_check {
+          static_assert(visitor<Visitor>::template does_not_handle<Values...>(),
+                        "`visit` requires the visitor to be exhaustive.");
+
+          inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO invoke(Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                       Values &&... values)
+            DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(lib::invoke(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                             lib::forward<Values>(values)...))
+        };
+
+        template <typename Visitor>
+        struct value_visitor {
+          Visitor &&visitor_;
+
+          template <typename... Alts>
+          inline constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO operator()(Alts &&... alts) const
+            DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+                visit_exhaustiveness_check<
+                    Visitor,
+                    decltype((lib::forward<Alts>(alts).value))...>::
+                    invoke(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor_),
+                           lib::forward<Alts>(alts).value...))
+        };
+
+        template <typename Visitor>
+        inline static constexpr AUTO make_value_visitor(Visitor &&visitor)
+          AUTO_RETURN(value_visitor<Visitor>{lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor)})
+
+        public:
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_alt(Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                        Vs &&... vs)
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(alt::visit_alt(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                              lib::forward<Vs>(vs).impl_...))
+
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_alt_at(std::size_t index,
+                                                           Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                           Vs &&... vs)
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+              alt::visit_alt_at(index,
+                                lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                lib::forward<Vs>(vs).impl_...))
+
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_value(Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                          Vs &&... vs)
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+              visit_alt(make_value_visitor(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor)),
+                        lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...))
+
+        template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+        inline static constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit_value_at(std::size_t index,
+                                                             Visitor &&visitor,
+                                                             Vs &&... vs)
+          DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+              visit_alt_at(index,
+                           make_value_visitor(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor)),
+                           lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...))
+      };
+
+    }  // namespace visitation
+
+    template <std::size_t Index, typename T>
+    struct alt {
+      using value_type = T;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#endif
+      template <typename... Args>
+      inline explicit constexpr alt(in_place_t, Args &&... args)
+          : value(lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+      T value;
+    };
+
+    template <Trait DestructibleTrait, std::size_t Index, typename... Ts>
+    union recursive_union;
+
+    template <Trait DestructibleTrait, std::size_t Index>
+    union recursive_union<DestructibleTrait, Index> {};
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_RECURSIVE_UNION(destructible_trait, destructor)      \
+  template <std::size_t Index, typename T, typename... Ts>                 \
+  union recursive_union<destructible_trait, Index, T, Ts...> {             \
+    public:                                                                \
+    inline explicit constexpr recursive_union(valueless_t) noexcept        \
+        : dummy_{} {}                                                      \
+                                                                           \
+    template <typename... Args>                                            \
+    inline explicit constexpr recursive_union(in_place_index_t<0>,         \
+                                              Args &&... args)             \
+        : head_(in_place_t{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}              \
+                                                                           \
+    template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>                             \
+    inline explicit constexpr recursive_union(in_place_index_t<I>,         \
+                                              Args &&... args)             \
+        : tail_(in_place_index_t<I - 1>{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {} \
+                                                                           \
+    recursive_union(const recursive_union &) = default;                    \
+    recursive_union(recursive_union &&) = default;                         \
+                                                                           \
+    destructor                                                             \
+                                                                           \
+    recursive_union &operator=(const recursive_union &) = default;         \
+    recursive_union &operator=(recursive_union &&) = default;              \
+                                                                           \
+    private:                                                               \
+    char dummy_;                                                           \
+    alt<Index, T> head_;                                                   \
+    recursive_union<destructible_trait, Index + 1, Ts...> tail_;           \
+                                                                           \
+    friend struct access::recursive_union;                                 \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_RECURSIVE_UNION(Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+                                  ~recursive_union() = default;);
+    MPARK_VARIANT_RECURSIVE_UNION(Trait::Available,
+                                  ~recursive_union() {});
+    MPARK_VARIANT_RECURSIVE_UNION(Trait::Unavailable,
+                                  ~recursive_union() = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_RECURSIVE_UNION
+
+    using index_t = unsigned int;
+
+    template <Trait DestructibleTrait, typename... Ts>
+    class base {
+      public:
+      inline explicit constexpr base(valueless_t tag) noexcept
+          : data_(tag), index_(static_cast<index_t>(-1)) {}
+
+      template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+      inline explicit constexpr base(in_place_index_t<I>, Args &&... args)
+          : data_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...),
+            index_(I) {}
+
+      inline constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept {
+        return index_ == static_cast<index_t>(-1);
+      }
+
+      inline constexpr std::size_t index() const noexcept {
+        return valueless_by_exception() ? variant_npos : index_;
+      }
+
+      protected:
+      using data_t = recursive_union<DestructibleTrait, 0, Ts...>;
+
+      friend inline constexpr base &as_base(base &b) { return b; }
+      friend inline constexpr const base &as_base(const base &b) { return b; }
+      friend inline constexpr base &&as_base(base &&b) { return lib::move(b); }
+      friend inline constexpr const base &&as_base(const base &&b) { return lib::move(b); }
+
+      friend inline constexpr data_t &data(base &b) { return b.data_; }
+      friend inline constexpr const data_t &data(const base &b) { return b.data_; }
+      friend inline constexpr data_t &&data(base &&b) { return lib::move(b).data_; }
+      friend inline constexpr const data_t &&data(const base &&b) { return lib::move(b).data_; }
+
+      inline static constexpr std::size_t size() { return sizeof...(Ts); }
+
+      data_t data_;
+      index_t index_;
+
+      friend struct access::base;
+      friend struct visitation::base;
+    };
+
+    struct dtor {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#endif
+      template <typename Alt>
+      inline void operator()(Alt &alt) const noexcept { alt.~Alt(); }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+    };
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910
+#define MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(type, base) using base::base;
+#else
+#define MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(type, base)         \
+  template <typename... Args>                     \
+  inline explicit constexpr type(Args &&... args) \
+      : base(lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+#endif
+
+    template <typename Traits, Trait = Traits::destructible_trait>
+    class destructor;
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_DESTRUCTOR(destructible_trait, definition, destroy) \
+  template <typename... Ts>                                               \
+  class destructor<traits<Ts...>, destructible_trait>                     \
+      : public base<destructible_trait, Ts...> {                          \
+    using super = base<destructible_trait, Ts...>;                        \
+                                                                          \
+    public:                                                               \
+    MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(destructor, super)                              \
+    using super::operator=;                                               \
+                                                                          \
+    destructor(const destructor &) = default;                             \
+    destructor(destructor &&) = default;                                  \
+    definition                                                            \
+    destructor &operator=(const destructor &) = default;                  \
+    destructor &operator=(destructor &&) = default;                       \
+                                                                          \
+    protected:                                                            \
+    destroy                                                               \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_DESTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+        ~destructor() = default;,
+        inline void destroy() noexcept {
+          this->index_ = static_cast<index_t>(-1);
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_DESTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Available,
+        ~destructor() { destroy(); },
+        inline void destroy() noexcept {
+          if (!this->valueless_by_exception()) {
+            visitation::alt::visit_alt(dtor{}, *this);
+          }
+          this->index_ = static_cast<index_t>(-1);
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_DESTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Unavailable,
+        ~destructor() = delete;,
+        inline void destroy() noexcept = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_DESTRUCTOR
+
+    template <typename Traits>
+    class constructor : public destructor<Traits> {
+      using super = destructor<Traits>;
+
+      public:
+      MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(constructor, super)
+      using super::operator=;
+
+      protected:
+#ifndef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+      struct ctor {
+        template <typename LhsAlt, typename RhsAlt>
+        inline void operator()(LhsAlt &lhs_alt, RhsAlt &&rhs_alt) const {
+          constructor::construct_alt(lhs_alt,
+                                     lib::forward<RhsAlt>(rhs_alt).value);
+        }
+      };
+#endif
+
+      template <std::size_t I, typename T, typename... Args>
+      inline static T &construct_alt(alt<I, T> &a, Args &&... args) {
+        auto *result = ::new (static_cast<void *>(lib::addressof(a)))
+            alt<I, T>(in_place_t{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return result->value;
+      }
+
+      template <typename Rhs>
+      inline static void generic_construct(constructor &lhs, Rhs &&rhs) {
+        lhs.destroy();
+        if (!rhs.valueless_by_exception()) {
+          visitation::alt::visit_alt_at(
+              rhs.index(),
+#ifdef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+              [](auto &lhs_alt, auto &&rhs_alt) {
+                constructor::construct_alt(
+                    lhs_alt, lib::forward<decltype(rhs_alt)>(rhs_alt).value);
+              }
+#else
+              ctor{}
+#endif
+              ,
+              lhs,
+              lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs));
+          lhs.index_ = rhs.index_;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <typename Traits, Trait = Traits::move_constructible_trait>
+    class move_constructor;
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(move_constructible_trait, definition) \
+  template <typename... Ts>                                                  \
+  class move_constructor<traits<Ts...>, move_constructible_trait>            \
+      : public constructor<traits<Ts...>> {                                  \
+    using super = constructor<traits<Ts...>>;                                \
+                                                                             \
+    public:                                                                  \
+    MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(move_constructor, super)                           \
+    using super::operator=;                                                  \
+                                                                             \
+    move_constructor(const move_constructor &) = default;                    \
+    definition                                                               \
+    ~move_constructor() = default;                                           \
+    move_constructor &operator=(const move_constructor &) = default;         \
+    move_constructor &operator=(move_constructor &&) = default;              \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+        move_constructor(move_constructor &&that) = default;);
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Available,
+        move_constructor(move_constructor &&that) noexcept(
+            lib::all<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<Ts>::value...>::value)
+            : move_constructor(valueless_t{}) {
+          this->generic_construct(*this, lib::move(that));
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Unavailable,
+        move_constructor(move_constructor &&) = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR
+
+    template <typename Traits, Trait = Traits::copy_constructible_trait>
+    class copy_constructor;
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR(copy_constructible_trait, definition) \
+  template <typename... Ts>                                                  \
+  class copy_constructor<traits<Ts...>, copy_constructible_trait>            \
+      : public move_constructor<traits<Ts...>> {                             \
+    using super = move_constructor<traits<Ts...>>;                           \
+                                                                             \
+    public:                                                                  \
+    MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(copy_constructor, super)                           \
+    using super::operator=;                                                  \
+                                                                             \
+    definition                                                               \
+    copy_constructor(copy_constructor &&) = default;                         \
+    ~copy_constructor() = default;                                           \
+    copy_constructor &operator=(const copy_constructor &) = default;         \
+    copy_constructor &operator=(copy_constructor &&) = default;              \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+        copy_constructor(const copy_constructor &that) = default;);
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Available,
+        copy_constructor(const copy_constructor &that)
+            : copy_constructor(valueless_t{}) {
+          this->generic_construct(*this, that);
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR(
+        Trait::Unavailable,
+        copy_constructor(const copy_constructor &) = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR
+
+    template <typename Traits>
+    class assignment : public copy_constructor<Traits> {
+      using super = copy_constructor<Traits>;
+
+      public:
+      MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(assignment, super)
+      using super::operator=;
+
+      template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+      inline /* auto & */ auto emplace(Args &&... args)
+          -> decltype(this->construct_alt(access::base::get_alt<I>(*this),
+                                          lib::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+        this->destroy();
+        auto &result = this->construct_alt(access::base::get_alt<I>(*this),
+                                           lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        this->index_ = I;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      protected:
+#ifndef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+      template <typename That>
+      struct assigner {
+        template <typename ThisAlt, typename ThatAlt>
+        inline void operator()(ThisAlt &this_alt, ThatAlt &&that_alt) const {
+          self->assign_alt(this_alt, lib::forward<ThatAlt>(that_alt).value);
+        }
+        assignment *self;
+      };
+#endif
+
+      template <std::size_t I, typename T, typename Arg>
+      inline void assign_alt(alt<I, T> &a, Arg &&arg) {
+        if (this->index() == I) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#endif
+          a.value = lib::forward<Arg>(arg);
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+        } else {
+          struct {
+            void operator()(std::true_type) const {
+              this_->emplace<I>(lib::forward<Arg>(arg_));
+            }
+            void operator()(std::false_type) const {
+              this_->emplace<I>(T(lib::forward<Arg>(arg_)));
+            }
+            assignment *this_;
+            Arg &&arg_;
+          } impl{this, lib::forward<Arg>(arg)};
+          impl(lib::bool_constant<
+                   std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Arg>::value ||
+                   !std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value>{});
+        }
+      }
+
+      template <typename That>
+      inline void generic_assign(That &&that) {
+        if (this->valueless_by_exception() && that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+          // do nothing.
+        } else if (that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+          this->destroy();
+        } else {
+          visitation::alt::visit_alt_at(
+              that.index(),
+#ifdef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+              [this](auto &this_alt, auto &&that_alt) {
+                this->assign_alt(
+                    this_alt, lib::forward<decltype(that_alt)>(that_alt).value);
+              }
+#else
+              assigner<That>{this}
+#endif
+              ,
+              *this,
+              lib::forward<That>(that));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <typename Traits, Trait = Traits::move_assignable_trait>
+    class move_assignment;
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_ASSIGNMENT(move_assignable_trait, definition) \
+  template <typename... Ts>                                              \
+  class move_assignment<traits<Ts...>, move_assignable_trait>            \
+      : public assignment<traits<Ts...>> {                               \
+    using super = assignment<traits<Ts...>>;                             \
+                                                                         \
+    public:                                                              \
+    MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(move_assignment, super)                        \
+    using super::operator=;                                              \
+                                                                         \
+    move_assignment(const move_assignment &) = default;                  \
+    move_assignment(move_assignment &&) = default;                       \
+    ~move_assignment() = default;                                        \
+    move_assignment &operator=(const move_assignment &) = default;       \
+    definition                                                           \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+        move_assignment &operator=(move_assignment &&that) = default;);
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::Available,
+        move_assignment &
+        operator=(move_assignment &&that) noexcept(
+            lib::all<(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<Ts>::value &&
+                      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<Ts>::value)...>::value) {
+          this->generic_assign(lib::move(that));
+          return *this;
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::Unavailable,
+        move_assignment &operator=(move_assignment &&) = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_MOVE_ASSIGNMENT
+
+    template <typename Traits, Trait = Traits::copy_assignable_trait>
+    class copy_assignment;
+
+#define MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_ASSIGNMENT(copy_assignable_trait, definition) \
+  template <typename... Ts>                                              \
+  class copy_assignment<traits<Ts...>, copy_assignable_trait>            \
+      : public move_assignment<traits<Ts...>> {                          \
+    using super = move_assignment<traits<Ts...>>;                        \
+                                                                         \
+    public:                                                              \
+    MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(copy_assignment, super)                        \
+    using super::operator=;                                              \
+                                                                         \
+    copy_assignment(const copy_assignment &) = default;                  \
+    copy_assignment(copy_assignment &&) = default;                       \
+    ~copy_assignment() = default;                                        \
+    definition                                                           \
+    copy_assignment &operator=(copy_assignment &&) = default;            \
+  }
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::TriviallyAvailable,
+        copy_assignment &operator=(const copy_assignment &that) = default;);
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::Available,
+        copy_assignment &operator=(const copy_assignment &that) {
+          this->generic_assign(that);
+          return *this;
+        });
+
+    MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_ASSIGNMENT(
+        Trait::Unavailable,
+        copy_assignment &operator=(const copy_assignment &) = delete;);
+
+#undef MPARK_VARIANT_COPY_ASSIGNMENT
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    class impl : public copy_assignment<traits<Ts...>> {
+      using super = copy_assignment<traits<Ts...>>;
+
+      public:
+      MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR(impl, super)
+      using super::operator=;
+
+      template <std::size_t I, typename Arg>
+      inline void assign(Arg &&arg) {
+        this->assign_alt(access::base::get_alt<I>(*this),
+                         lib::forward<Arg>(arg));
+      }
+
+      inline void swap(impl &that) {
+        if (this->valueless_by_exception() && that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+          // do nothing.
+        } else if (this->index() == that.index()) {
+          visitation::alt::visit_alt_at(this->index(),
+#ifdef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+                                        [](auto &this_alt, auto &that_alt) {
+                                          using std::swap;
+                                          swap(this_alt.value,
+                                               that_alt.value);
+                                        }
+#else
+                                        swapper{}
+#endif
+                                        ,
+                                        *this,
+                                        that);
+        } else {
+          impl *lhs = this;
+          impl *rhs = lib::addressof(that);
+          if (lhs->move_nothrow() && !rhs->move_nothrow()) {
+            std::swap(lhs, rhs);
+          }
+          impl tmp(lib::move(*rhs));
+#ifdef MPARK_EXCEPTIONS
+          // EXTENSION: When the move construction of `lhs` into `rhs` throws
+          // and `tmp` is nothrow move constructible then we move `tmp` back
+          // into `rhs` and provide the strong exception safety guarantee.
+          try {
+            this->generic_construct(*rhs, lib::move(*lhs));
+          } catch (...) {
+            if (tmp.move_nothrow()) {
+              this->generic_construct(*rhs, lib::move(tmp));
+            }
+            throw;
+          }
+#else
+          this->generic_construct(*rhs, lib::move(*lhs));
+#endif
+          this->generic_construct(*lhs, lib::move(tmp));
+        }
+      }
+
+      private:
+#ifndef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+      struct swapper {
+        template <typename ThisAlt, typename ThatAlt>
+        inline void operator()(ThisAlt &this_alt, ThatAlt &that_alt) const {
+          using std::swap;
+          swap(this_alt.value, that_alt.value);
+        }
+      };
+#endif
+
+      inline constexpr bool move_nothrow() const {
+        return this->valueless_by_exception() ||
+               lib::array<bool, sizeof...(Ts)>{
+                   {std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<Ts>::value...}
+               }[this->index()];
+      }
+    };
+
+#undef MPARK_INHERITING_CTOR
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+    struct overload_leaf {
+      using F = lib::size_constant<I> (*)(T);
+      operator F() const { return nullptr; }
+    };
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    struct overload_impl {
+      private:
+      template <typename>
+      struct impl;
+
+      template <std::size_t... Is>
+      struct impl<lib::index_sequence<Is...>> : overload_leaf<Is, Ts>... {};
+
+      public:
+      using type = impl<lib::index_sequence_for<Ts...>>;
+    };
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    using overload = typename overload_impl<Ts...>::type;
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    using best_match = lib::invoke_result_t<overload<Ts...>, T &&>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_in_place_index : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <std::size_t I>
+    struct is_in_place_index<in_place_index_t<I>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_in_place_type : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_in_place_type<in_place_type_t<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+  }  // detail
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  class variant {
+    static_assert(0 < sizeof...(Ts),
+                  "variant must consist of at least one alternative.");
+
+    static_assert(lib::all<!std::is_array<Ts>::value...>::value,
+                  "variant can not have an array type as an alternative.");
+
+    static_assert(lib::all<!std::is_reference<Ts>::value...>::value,
+                  "variant can not have a reference type as an alternative.");
+
+    static_assert(lib::all<!std::is_void<Ts>::value...>::value,
+                  "variant can not have a void type as an alternative.");
+
+    public:
+    template <
+        typename Front = lib::type_pack_element_t<0, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_default_constructible<Front>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline constexpr variant() noexcept(
+        std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<Front>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<0>{}) {}
+
+    variant(const variant &) = default;
+    variant(variant &&) = default;
+
+    template <
+        typename Arg,
+        typename Decayed = lib::decay_t<Arg>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Decayed, variant>::value, int> = 0,
+        lib::enable_if_t<!detail::is_in_place_index<Decayed>::value, int> = 0,
+        lib::enable_if_t<!detail::is_in_place_type<Decayed>::value, int> = 0,
+        std::size_t I = detail::best_match<Arg, Ts...>::value,
+        typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Arg>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline constexpr variant(Arg &&arg) noexcept(
+        std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Arg>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, lib::forward<Arg>(arg)) {}
+
+    template <
+        std::size_t I,
+        typename... Args,
+        typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline explicit constexpr variant(
+        in_place_index_t<I>,
+        Args &&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<T,
+                                                                Args...>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    template <
+        std::size_t I,
+        typename Up,
+        typename... Args,
+        typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T,
+                                               std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                               Args...>::value,
+                         int> = 0>
+    inline explicit constexpr variant(
+        in_place_index_t<I>,
+        std::initializer_list<Up> il,
+        Args &&... args) noexcept(std::
+                                      is_nothrow_constructible<
+                                          T,
+                                          std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                          Args...>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, il, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    template <
+        typename T,
+        typename... Args,
+        std::size_t I = detail::find_index_sfinae<T, Ts...>::value,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline explicit constexpr variant(
+        in_place_type_t<T>,
+        Args &&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<T,
+                                                                Args...>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    template <
+        typename T,
+        typename Up,
+        typename... Args,
+        std::size_t I = detail::find_index_sfinae<T, Ts...>::value,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T,
+                                               std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                               Args...>::value,
+                         int> = 0>
+    inline explicit constexpr variant(
+        in_place_type_t<T>,
+        std::initializer_list<Up> il,
+        Args &&... args) noexcept(std::
+                                      is_nothrow_constructible<
+                                          T,
+                                          std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                          Args...>::value)
+        : impl_(in_place_index_t<I>{}, il, lib::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    ~variant() = default;
+
+    variant &operator=(const variant &) = default;
+    variant &operator=(variant &&) = default;
+
+    template <typename Arg,
+              lib::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<lib::decay_t<Arg>, variant>::value,
+                               int> = 0,
+              std::size_t I = detail::best_match<Arg, Ts...>::value,
+              typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+              lib::enable_if_t<(std::is_assignable<T &, Arg>::value &&
+                                std::is_constructible<T, Arg>::value),
+                               int> = 0>
+    inline variant &operator=(Arg &&arg) noexcept(
+        (std::is_nothrow_assignable<T &, Arg>::value &&
+         std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Arg>::value)) {
+      impl_.template assign<I>(lib::forward<Arg>(arg));
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <
+        std::size_t I,
+        typename... Args,
+        typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline T &emplace(Args &&... args) {
+      return impl_.template emplace<I>(lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        std::size_t I,
+        typename Up,
+        typename... Args,
+        typename T = lib::type_pack_element_t<I, Ts...>,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T,
+                                               std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                               Args...>::value,
+                         int> = 0>
+    inline T &emplace(std::initializer_list<Up> il, Args &&... args) {
+      return impl_.template emplace<I>(il, lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename T,
+        typename... Args,
+        std::size_t I = detail::find_index_sfinae<T, Ts...>::value,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline T &emplace(Args &&... args) {
+      return impl_.template emplace<I>(lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename T,
+        typename Up,
+        typename... Args,
+        std::size_t I = detail::find_index_sfinae<T, Ts...>::value,
+        lib::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T,
+                                               std::initializer_list<Up> &,
+                                               Args...>::value,
+                         int> = 0>
+    inline T &emplace(std::initializer_list<Up> il, Args &&... args) {
+      return impl_.template emplace<I>(il, lib::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    inline constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept {
+      return impl_.valueless_by_exception();
+    }
+
+    inline constexpr std::size_t index() const noexcept {
+      return impl_.index();
+    }
+
+    template <bool Dummy = true,
+              lib::enable_if_t<
+                  lib::all<Dummy,
+                           (lib::dependent_type<std::is_move_constructible<Ts>,
+                                                Dummy>::value &&
+                            lib::dependent_type<lib::is_swappable<Ts>,
+                                                Dummy>::value)...>::value,
+                  int> = 0>
+    inline void swap(variant &that) noexcept(
+        lib::all<(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<Ts>::value &&
+                  lib::is_nothrow_swappable<Ts>::value)...>::value) {
+      impl_.swap(that.impl_);
+    }
+
+    private:
+    detail::impl<Ts...> impl_;
+
+    friend struct detail::access::variant;
+    friend struct detail::visitation::variant;
+  };
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<Ts...> &v) noexcept {
+    return v.index() == I;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<Ts...> &v) noexcept {
+    return holds_alternative<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(v);
+  }
+
+  namespace detail {
+    template <std::size_t I, typename V>
+    struct generic_get_impl {
+      constexpr generic_get_impl(int) noexcept {}
+
+      constexpr AUTO_REFREF operator()(V &&v) const
+        AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(
+            access::variant::get_alt<I>(lib::forward<V>(v)).value)
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename V>
+    inline constexpr AUTO_REFREF generic_get(V &&v)
+      AUTO_REFREF_RETURN(generic_get_impl<I, V>(
+          holds_alternative<I>(v) ? 0 : (throw_bad_variant_access(), 0))(
+          lib::forward<V>(v)))
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>> &get(
+      variant<Ts...> &v) {
+    return detail::generic_get<I>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>> &&get(
+      variant<Ts...> &&v) {
+    return detail::generic_get<I>(lib::move(v));
+  }
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>> &get(
+      const variant<Ts...> &v) {
+    return detail::generic_get<I>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>> &&get(
+      const variant<Ts...> &&v) {
+    return detail::generic_get<I>(lib::move(v));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr T &get(variant<Ts...> &v) {
+    return get<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr T &&get(variant<Ts...> &&v) {
+    return get<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(lib::move(v));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr const T &get(const variant<Ts...> &v) {
+    return get<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr const T &&get(const variant<Ts...> &&v) {
+    return get<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(lib::move(v));
+  }
+
+  namespace detail {
+
+    template <std::size_t I, typename V>
+    inline constexpr /* auto * */ AUTO generic_get_if(V *v) noexcept
+      AUTO_RETURN(v && holds_alternative<I>(*v)
+                      ? lib::addressof(access::variant::get_alt<I>(*v).value)
+                      : nullptr)
+
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr lib::add_pointer_t<variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>>>
+  get_if(variant<Ts...> *v) noexcept {
+    return detail::generic_get_if<I>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <std::size_t I, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr lib::add_pointer_t<
+      const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Ts...>>>
+  get_if(const variant<Ts...> *v) noexcept {
+    return detail::generic_get_if<I>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr lib::add_pointer_t<T>
+  get_if(variant<Ts...> *v) noexcept {
+    return get_if<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(v);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr lib::add_pointer_t<const T>
+  get_if(const variant<Ts...> *v) noexcept {
+    return get_if<detail::find_index_checked<T, Ts...>::value>(v);
+  }
+
+  namespace detail {
+    template <typename RelOp>
+    struct convert_to_bool {
+      template <typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
+      inline constexpr bool operator()(Lhs &&lhs, Rhs &&rhs) const {
+        static_assert(std::is_convertible<lib::invoke_result_t<RelOp, Lhs, Rhs>,
+                                          bool>::value,
+                      "relational operators must return a type"
+                      " implicitly convertible to bool");
+        return lib::invoke(
+            RelOp{}, lib::forward<Lhs>(lhs), lib::forward<Rhs>(rhs));
+      }
+    };
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator==(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                   const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using equal_to = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::equal_to>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (lhs.index() != rhs.index()) return false;
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return true;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), equal_to{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return lhs.index() == rhs.index() &&
+           (lhs.valueless_by_exception() ||
+            variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), equal_to{}, lhs, rhs));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator!=(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                   const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using not_equal_to = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::not_equal_to>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (lhs.index() != rhs.index()) return true;
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return false;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), not_equal_to{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return lhs.index() != rhs.index() ||
+           (!lhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+            variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), not_equal_to{}, lhs, rhs));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator<(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                  const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using less = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::less>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (rhs.valueless_by_exception()) return false;
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() < rhs.index()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() > rhs.index()) return false;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), less{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return !rhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+           (lhs.valueless_by_exception() || lhs.index() < rhs.index() ||
+            (lhs.index() == rhs.index() &&
+             variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), less{}, lhs, rhs)));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator>(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                  const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using greater = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::greater>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return false;
+    if (rhs.valueless_by_exception()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() > rhs.index()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() < rhs.index()) return false;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), greater{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return !lhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+           (rhs.valueless_by_exception() || lhs.index() > rhs.index() ||
+            (lhs.index() == rhs.index() &&
+             variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), greater{}, lhs, rhs)));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator<=(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                   const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using less_equal = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::less_equal>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return true;
+    if (rhs.valueless_by_exception()) return false;
+    if (lhs.index() < rhs.index()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() > rhs.index()) return false;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), less_equal{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return lhs.valueless_by_exception() ||
+           (!rhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+            (lhs.index() < rhs.index() ||
+             (lhs.index() == rhs.index() &&
+              variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), less_equal{}, lhs, rhs))));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline constexpr bool operator>=(const variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                                   const variant<Ts...> &rhs) {
+    using detail::visitation::variant;
+    using greater_equal = detail::convert_to_bool<lib::greater_equal>;
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+    if (rhs.valueless_by_exception()) return true;
+    if (lhs.valueless_by_exception()) return false;
+    if (lhs.index() > rhs.index()) return true;
+    if (lhs.index() < rhs.index()) return false;
+    return variant::visit_value_at(lhs.index(), greater_equal{}, lhs, rhs);
+#else
+    return rhs.valueless_by_exception() ||
+           (!lhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+            (lhs.index() > rhs.index() ||
+             (lhs.index() == rhs.index() &&
+              variant::visit_value_at(
+                  lhs.index(), greater_equal{}, lhs, rhs))));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  struct monostate {};
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator<(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator>(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator<=(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator>=(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator==(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline constexpr bool operator!=(monostate, monostate) noexcept {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#ifdef MPARK_CPP14_CONSTEXPR
+  namespace detail {
+
+    inline constexpr bool all(std::initializer_list<bool> bs) {
+      for (bool b : bs) {
+        if (!b) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+  template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+  inline constexpr decltype(auto) visit(Visitor &&visitor, Vs &&... vs) {
+    return (detail::all({!vs.valueless_by_exception()...})
+                ? (void)0
+                : throw_bad_variant_access()),
+           detail::visitation::variant::visit_value(
+               lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor), lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...);
+  }
+#else
+  namespace detail {
+
+    template <std::size_t N>
+    inline constexpr bool all_impl(const lib::array<bool, N> &bs,
+                                   std::size_t idx) {
+      return idx >= N || (bs[idx] && all_impl(bs, idx + 1));
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t N>
+    inline constexpr bool all(const lib::array<bool, N> &bs) {
+      return all_impl(bs, 0);
+    }
+
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+  template <typename Visitor, typename... Vs>
+  inline constexpr DECLTYPE_AUTO visit(Visitor &&visitor, Vs &&... vs)
+    DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN(
+        (detail::all(
+             lib::array<bool, sizeof...(Vs)>{{!vs.valueless_by_exception()...}})
+             ? (void)0
+             : throw_bad_variant_access()),
+        detail::visitation::variant::visit_value(lib::forward<Visitor>(visitor),
+                                                 lib::forward<Vs>(vs)...))
+#endif
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  inline auto swap(variant<Ts...> &lhs,
+                   variant<Ts...> &rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs)))
+      -> decltype(lhs.swap(rhs)) {
+    lhs.swap(rhs);
+  }
+
+  namespace detail {
+
+    template <typename T, typename...>
+    using enabled_type = T;
+
+    namespace hash {
+
+      template <typename H, typename K>
+      constexpr bool meets_requirements() noexcept {
+        return std::is_copy_constructible<H>::value &&
+               std::is_move_constructible<H>::value &&
+               lib::is_invocable_r<std::size_t, H, const K &>::value;
+      }
+
+      template <typename K>
+      constexpr bool is_enabled() noexcept {
+        using H = std::hash<K>;
+        return meets_requirements<H, K>() &&
+               std::is_default_constructible<H>::value &&
+               std::is_copy_assignable<H>::value &&
+               std::is_move_assignable<H>::value;
+      }
+
+    }  // namespace hash
+
+  }  // namespace detail
+
+#undef AUTO
+#undef AUTO_RETURN
+
+#undef AUTO_REFREF
+#undef AUTO_REFREF_RETURN
+
+#undef DECLTYPE_AUTO
+#undef DECLTYPE_AUTO_RETURN
+
+}  // namespace mpark
+
+namespace std {
+
+  template <typename... Ts>
+  struct hash<mpark::detail::enabled_type<
+      mpark::variant<Ts...>,
+      mpark::lib::enable_if_t<mpark::lib::all<mpark::detail::hash::is_enabled<
+          mpark::lib::remove_const_t<Ts>>()...>::value>>> {
+    using argument_type = mpark::variant<Ts...>;
+    using result_type = std::size_t;
+
+    inline result_type operator()(const argument_type &v) const {
+      using mpark::detail::visitation::variant;
+      std::size_t result =
+          v.valueless_by_exception()
+              ? 299792458  // Random value chosen by the universe upon creation
+              : variant::visit_alt(
+#ifdef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+                    [](const auto &alt) {
+                      using alt_type = mpark::lib::decay_t<decltype(alt)>;
+                      using value_type = mpark::lib::remove_const_t<
+                          typename alt_type::value_type>;
+                      return hash<value_type>{}(alt.value);
+                    }
+#else
+                    hasher{}
+#endif
+                    ,
+                    v);
+      return hash_combine(result, hash<std::size_t>{}(v.index()));
+    }
+
+    private:
+#ifndef MPARK_GENERIC_LAMBDAS
+    struct hasher {
+      template <typename Alt>
+      inline std::size_t operator()(const Alt &alt) const {
+        using alt_type = mpark::lib::decay_t<Alt>;
+        using value_type =
+            mpark::lib::remove_const_t<typename alt_type::value_type>;
+        return hash<value_type>{}(alt.value);
+      }
+    };
+#endif
+
+    static std::size_t hash_combine(std::size_t lhs, std::size_t rhs) {
+      return lhs ^= rhs + 0x9e3779b9 + (lhs << 6) + (lhs >> 2);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <>
+  struct hash<mpark::monostate> {
+    using argument_type = mpark::monostate;
+    using result_type = std::size_t;
+
+    inline result_type operator()(const argument_type &) const noexcept {
+      return 66740831;  // return a fundamentally attractive random value.
+    }
+  };
+
+}  // namespace std
+
+#endif  // MPARK_VARIANT_HPP
diff --git a/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/variant.hpp b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/variant.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d583dba728c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/datastructures/include/hpx/datastructures/variant.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Hartmut Kaiser
+//
+//  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+//  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#if !defined(HPX_DATASTRUCTURES_VARIANT_HPP)
+#define HPX_DATASTRUCTURES_VARIANT_HPP
+
+#include <hpx/config.hpp>
+#include <hpx/datastructures/detail/variant.hpp>
+
+namespace hpx { namespace util
+{
+    using mpark::variant;
+    using mpark::monostate;
+
+    using mpark::holds_alternative;
+    using mpark::get;
+    using mpark::get_if;
+    using mpark::visit;
+}}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/tests/unit/serialization/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/unit/serialization/CMakeLists.txt
index 7ac56d276153..db39536d3ed4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/serialization/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/unit/serialization/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 set(tests
     serialization_array
     serialization_valarray
+    serialization_boost_variant
     serialization_builtins
     serialization_complex
     serialization_custom_constructor
diff --git a/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_boost_variant.cpp b/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_boost_variant.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..446565f238d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_boost_variant.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2015 Anton Bikineev
+//
+//  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+//  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/serialize.hpp>
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/string.hpp>
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/boost_variant.hpp>
+
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/input_archive.hpp>
+#include <hpx/runtime/serialization/output_archive.hpp>
+
+#include <hpx/testing.hpp>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+template <typename T>
+struct A
+{
+    A() {}
+
+    explicit A(T t) : t_(t) {}
+    T t_;
+
+    A & operator=(T t) { t_ = t; return *this; }
+
+    friend bool operator==(A a, A b)
+    {
+        return a.t_ == b.t_;
+    }
+
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, A a)
+    {
+        os << a.t_;
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Archive>
+    void serialize(Archive & ar, unsigned)
+    {
+        ar & t_;
+    }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::vector<char> buf;
+    hpx::serialization::output_archive oar(buf);
+    hpx::serialization::input_archive iar(buf);
+
+    boost::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int> > ovar = std::string("dfsdf");
+    boost::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int> > ivar;
+    oar << ovar;
+    iar >> ivar;
+
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+
+    ovar = 2.5;
+    oar << ovar;
+    iar >> ivar;
+
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+
+    ovar = 1;
+    oar << ovar;
+    iar >> ivar;
+
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+
+    ovar = A<int>(2);
+    oar << ovar;
+    iar >> ivar;
+
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+
+    const boost::variant<std::string> sovar = std::string("string");
+    boost::variant<std::string> sivar;
+    oar << sovar;
+    iar >> sivar;
+
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(sivar.which(), sovar.which());
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(sivar, sovar);
+
+    return hpx::util::report_errors();
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_variant.cpp b/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_variant.cpp
index 9c78aad1b8a2..96f60168c98d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_variant.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/serialization/serialization_variant.cpp
@@ -49,42 +49,43 @@ int main()
     hpx::serialization::output_archive oar(buf);
     hpx::serialization::input_archive iar(buf);
 
-    boost::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int> > ovar = std::string("dfsdf");
-    boost::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int> > ivar;
+    hpx::util::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int>> ovar =
+        std::string("dfsdf");
+    hpx::util::variant<int, std::string, double, A<int>> ivar;
     oar << ovar;
     iar >> ivar;
 
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.index(), ovar.index());
+    HPX_TEST(ivar == ovar);
 
     ovar = 2.5;
     oar << ovar;
     iar >> ivar;
 
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.index(), ovar.index());
+    HPX_TEST(ivar == ovar);
 
     ovar = 1;
     oar << ovar;
     iar >> ivar;
 
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.index(), ovar.index());
+    HPX_TEST(ivar == ovar);
 
     ovar = A<int>(2);
     oar << ovar;
     iar >> ivar;
 
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.which(), ovar.which());
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar, ovar);
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(ivar.index(), ovar.index());
+    HPX_TEST(ivar == ovar);
 
-    const boost::variant<std::string> sovar = std::string("string");
-    boost::variant<std::string> sivar;
+    const hpx::util::variant<std::string> sovar = std::string("string");
+    hpx::util::variant<std::string> sivar;
     oar << sovar;
     iar >> sivar;
 
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(sivar.which(), sovar.which());
-    HPX_TEST_EQ(sivar, sovar);
+    HPX_TEST_EQ(sivar.index(), sovar.index());
+    HPX_TEST(sivar == sovar);
 
     return hpx::util::report_errors();
 }
diff --git a/tools/inspect/inspect.cpp b/tools/inspect/inspect.cpp
index f5655184283c..6152256ffbc8 100644
--- a/tools/inspect/inspect.cpp
+++ b/tools/inspect/inspect.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 //  See http://www.boost.org/tools/inspect/ for more information.
 
-const char* hpx_no_inspect = "hpx-" "no-inspect";
+constexpr const char* hpx_no_inspect = "hpx-" "no-inspect";
+constexpr const char* hpx_no_inspect_files = "hpx-" "no-inspect-files";
 
 //  Directories with a file name of the hpx_no_inspect value are not inspected.
 //  Files that contain the hpx_no_inspect value are not inspected.
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ const char* hpx_no_inspect = "hpx-" "no-inspect";
 #include <limits>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -338,6 +340,18 @@ namespace
     static DirectoryIterator end_itr;
     ++directory_count;
 
+    fs::path no_inspect_file(dir_path / hpx_no_inspect_files);
+    bool no_inspect_exists = boost::filesystem::exists(no_inspect_file);
+
+    std::set<std::string> excluded_files;
+    if (no_inspect_exists)
+    {
+        std::string line;
+        fs::fstream no_inspect(no_inspect_file, std::ios_base::in);
+        while(std::getline(no_inspect, line))
+            excluded_files.insert(line);
+    }
+
     for ( DirectoryIterator itr( dir_path ); itr != end_itr; ++itr )
     {
       if ( fs::is_directory( *itr ) )
@@ -352,8 +366,14 @@ namespace
       else if (itr->path().leaf().string()[0] != '.') // ignore if hidden
       {
         ++file_count;
+
+        fs::path this_file(*itr);
+
+        if (excluded_files.find(this_file.leaf().string()) != excluded_files.end())
+            continue;
+
         string content;
-        load_content( *itr, content );
+        load_content( this_file, content );
         if (content.find(hpx_no_inspect) == string::npos)
           check_( lib.empty() ? library_from_content( content ) : lib,
                  *itr, content, insps );