2 - Se familiariser a Python.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "# Chapitre 2 : Se familiariser à Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Ce Notebook contient le code du chapitre 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Première ligne de code du manuel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Je suis une cellule code d'un Notebook Jupyter\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "DataFrame('ddd')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Je suis une cellule code d'un Notebook Jupyter\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "### Premier morceau de code\n",
    "\n",
    "Cf. le programme relatif dans le dossier _fb_programmes_"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "entree = input()\n",
    "nombre_caracteres = len(entree)\n",
    "nombre_mots = len(entree.split())\n",
    "print(\"Le texte a :\\n {} caractères \\n {} mots\"\\\n",
    "                .format(nombre_caracteres,nombre_mots))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "entree = input()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "entree"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(entree)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "entree.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir(entree)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Une erreur"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 3\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = 5\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = a + b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a += b\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 1\n",
    "while i < 20:\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = '2022-03-07'\n",
    "t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "type(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t[:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "Essayons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Essayons de ne pas faire d'erreur\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Une deuxième erreur"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Additionnons 2 et 2\"\n",
    "2+2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Regarder l'aide d'une fonction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "help(print)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Définir une variable\n",
    "\n",
    "Cf. [Cours de Python, Variables](https://python.sdv.univ-paris-diderot.fr/02_variables/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_france = 67190000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(pop_france)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "type(pop_france)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Modifier une variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_france_augmentation = pop_france + 0.1*pop_france\n",
    "print(pop_france_augmentation)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(pop_france)\n",
    "pop_france = pop_france + 0.0039*pop_france\n",
    "print(pop_france)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_france = 67190000\n",
    "type(pop_france)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "z = 10\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = z\n",
    "y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "z +=1\n",
    "z,y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Type d'une variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_france_M = 67.19\n",
    "\n",
    "# variable qui contient la population avant codage\n",
    "popFranceM\n",
    "\n",
    "type(pop_france_M)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 'Voilà'\n",
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir(a)\n",
    "a.capitalize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a.lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "variable = None\n",
    "print(variable)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Chaîne de caractères\n",
    "\n",
    "Cf. [Cours de Python: 10. Plus sur les chaînes de caractères](https://python.sdv.univ-paris-diderot.fr/10_plus_sur_les_chaines_de_caracteres/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pays = \"France\"\n",
    "type(pays)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('\"C\\'est un petit pas pour l\\'homme…\" – N. Armstrong')\n",
    "print(\"\\\"C'est un petit pas pour l'homme…\\\" – N. Armstrong\")\n",
    "print('''\"C'est un petit pas pour l'homme…\" – N. Armstrong''')\n",
    "print(\"\"\"\"C'est un petit pas pour l'homme…\" – N. Armstrong\"\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "texte = \"Population \" + str(pop_france) + \" habitants\"\n",
    "print(texte)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "### Liste et dictionnaire\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations = [81,60,46,11,8,0.5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations[2:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "type(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.append(46)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.append([3,8,11])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.pop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.extend([3,8,11])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations += [60, 46]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations = [81,60,46,11,8,8,0.5,11,8]\n",
    "print(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "type(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.sort()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.count(46)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.reverse()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.count(8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = set(liste_populations)\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = tuple(liste_populations)\n",
    "t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.remove(0.5)\n",
    "print(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t.remove(0.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations.append(67)\n",
    "print(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations[0] = 82\n",
    "print(liste_populations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dictionnaire_populations = {\n",
    "                     \"Allemagne\":81,\n",
    "                     \"Italie\":[4,5,6,7],\n",
    "                     \"Espagne\":46,\n",
    "                     \"Belgique\":11,\n",
    "                     \"Suisse\":8,\n",
    "                     \"Luxembourg\":0.5\n",
    "                      }\n",
    "print(dictionnaire_populations[\"Allemagne\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dictionnaire_populations[\"Royaume-Uni\"] = 65\n",
    "dictionnaire_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dictionnaire_populations[\"Allemagne\"] = 82\n",
    "dictionnaire_populations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nombre = len(dictionnaire_populations)\n",
    "print(nombre)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Des fichiers CSV comme listes de listes\n",
    "\n",
    "* https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/load-csv-data-into-list-and-dictionary-using-python/\n",
    "* https://code-paper.com/python/examples-csv-separator-python\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "file = 'donnees/etudiantes_suisse.csv'\n",
    "with open(file) as f:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter='\\t')\n",
    "    my_list = list(reader)\n",
    "len(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "result_file = []\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(file, 'r') as data:\n",
    "      \n",
    "    for line in csv.DictReader(data, delimiter='\\t'):\n",
    "        result_file.append(line)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(result_file), result_file[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for r in result_file:\n",
    "    print(r['Année'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for r in result_file:\n",
    "    if r['Année'] == '1895/96':\n",
    "        print(r)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Encore quelques éléments concernant les listes\n",
    "\n",
    "*  https://python.sdv.univ-paris-diderot.fr/04_listes/\n",
    "* https://docs.python.org/3.9/tutorial/datastructures.html#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Booléens, sets et comparaisons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "comparaison = (\"deux\" == 2)\n",
    "print(\"Le type de la comparaison est \", type(comparaison))\n",
    "print(\"La valeur de la comparaison est \", comparaison)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exemple = [1,2,3,4,5,5,5,5,5]\n",
    "exemple_set = set(exemple)\n",
    "print(len(exemple_set))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True)",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exemple = (1,2)\n",
    "print(exemple[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exemple.index?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True)",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exemple[1] = 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Commentaires\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### Important: sdélfkjasélfdkj asédlfkj aséldfk \n",
    "\n",
    "couleurs = [\"bleu\", \"blanc\", \"rouge\"]\n",
    "# print(couleurs[2])\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "a = \"\"\"\n",
    "fkjaés lkfjas \n",
    "ésldkfj éasldkfj \n",
    "ésladkfjéalsdkjf\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "a = \"\"\"bonjour\n",
    "faséldfkjsaéldfkjasdéf\"\"\"\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Condition if"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_france = 67                 \n",
    "if pop_france >= 10:           \n",
    "    print('Plus de dix millions')    \n",
    "else:                     \n",
    "    print('Moins de dix millions')  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "population = 18\n",
    "continent = \"Europe\"\n",
    "\n",
    "if (population < 10) and (continent==\"Europe\"):\n",
    "    print('Petit pays européen')\n",
    "if (population < 10) and (continent!=\"Europe\"):\n",
    "    print('Petit pays non européen')\n",
    "if (population >= 10) and (continent!=\"Europe\"):\n",
    "    print('Grand pays non européen')\n",
    "if (population >= 10) and (continent==\"Europe\"):\n",
    "    print('Grand pays européen')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Boucle for"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_populations = [81,67,60,46,11,8,0.5]\n",
    "for p in liste_populations:\n",
    "    print(\"Population\",p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for pays in dictionnaire_populations:\n",
    "    print(pays,dictionnaire_populations[pays])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "liste_recodee = []\n",
    "for p in liste_populations:\n",
    "    if p >=10:\n",
    "        liste_recodee.append(\">=10\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        liste_recodee.append(\"<10\")\n",
    "print(liste_recodee)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Définition d'une fonction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def recoder_population(population_entree):\n",
    "    if population_entree >=10:\n",
    "        return \">=10\"\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return \"<10\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "recoder_population(11)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pop_reco = []\n",
    "for pop in liste_populations:\n",
    "    pop_reco.append(recoder_population(pop))\n",
    "print(pop_reco)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "[recoder_population(pop) for pop in liste_populations]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def recoder_population(pop, seuil=10):\n",
    "    if pop >= seuil:\n",
    "        return \"Plus de \"+str(seuil)+\" millions d'habitants\"\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return \"Moins de \"+str(seuil)+\" millions d'habitants\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(recoder_population(20))\n",
    "print(recoder_population(20,30))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Portée des variables et exceptions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True)",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "variable_globale = 20\n",
    "\n",
    "# Définition d'une fonction\n",
    "def test():\n",
    "    variable_locale = 10\n",
    "    print(\"variable globale : \",variable_globale)\n",
    "    print(\"variable locale : \",variable_locale)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Exécution de la fonction\n",
    "test() \n",
    "print(variable_locale)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "attributes": {
     "classes": [],
     "error": "True",
     "id": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(dictionnaire_populations[\"Brésil\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "  print(dictionnaire_populations[\"Brésil\"])\n",
    "except:\n",
    "  print(\"Entrée absente\")"
   ]
  }
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