diff --git a/docs/A-Labs/lab6.md b/docs/A-Labs/lab6.md index 981a99a..f215a1a 100644 --- a/docs/A-Labs/lab6.md +++ b/docs/A-Labs/lab6.md @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Setting up networks is an essential operation for a system administrator. Mainta **Main Objectives** -1. Configure a private virtual network for your **VMs** and your **debhost** machine +1. Configure a private virtual network for your **VMs** and your **debhost** 2. Configure network interfaces for your Virtual Machines using both **graphical** and **command-line** utilities. 3. Use **local hostname resolution** to resolve hostnames to the corresponding IP addresses 4. Use common networking utilities to associate network services with port numbers for troubleshooting purposes @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Setting up networks is an essential operation for a system administrator. Mainta ## Investigation 1: Configuring A Virtual Network -For the remainder of this course, we will focus on configuring our VM's to communicate across a (Virtual) network. This lab will focus on setting up a virtual network, connecting our VMs and debhost machine to the network, and configuring local hostname resolution to make it more convenient to use, troubleshoot, and protect. **Lab 7** will focus on configuring SSH and making access to the virtual network more secure. Finally, **lab 8** will focus on configuring a DHCP server to automatically assign an IP addresses and other configuration details to DHCP clients. +For the remainder of this course, we will focus on configuring our VM's to communicate across a (Virtual) network. This lab will focus on setting up a virtual network, connecting our VMs and debhost to the network, and configuring local hostname resolution to make it more convenient to use, troubleshoot, and protect. **Lab 7** will focus on configuring SSH and making access to the virtual network more secure. Finally, **lab 8** will focus on configuring a DHCP server to automatically assign an IP addresses and other configuration details to DHCP clients. ### Part 1: Configuring a Private Network (Via Virtual Machine Manager) @@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ Before configuring our network, we want to **turn off dynamic network configurat ![ops245net](/img/ops245net.png) -This diagram shows the current network configuration of your **debhost** machine in relation to your **Virtual Machines**. In this section, you will be learning to change the default network settings for both your **debhost** machine and **VMs** to belong to a **virtual network** using fixed IP Addresses. +This diagram shows the current network configuration of your **debhost** in relation to your **Virtual Machines**. In this section, you will be learning to change the default network settings for both your **debhost** and **VMs** to belong to a **virtual network** using fixed IP Addresses. **Perform the following steps:** -1. Launch your **debhost VM** and start the Virtual Machine Manager. +1. Boot up your **debhost** and start the Virtual Machine Manager. 2. Make certain that the **deb1**, **deb2**, and **deb3** virtual machines are **powered off**. 3. In the Virtual Machine Manager dialog box, select **Edit-> Connection Details**. ![vmmedit](/img/vmmedit.png) @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Although the private virtual network has been setup via **Virtual Machine Manage **Perform the following steps:** -1. On your **debhost** machine, run **`ip address`** and make note of the IP address assigned to the **virbr1** (i.e. "Virtual Bridge) interface. This will be the default gateway and DNS server for your other VMs. +1. On your **debhost**, run **`ip address`** and make note of the IP address assigned to the **virbr1** (i.e. "Virtual Bridge) interface. This will be the default gateway and DNS server for your other VMs. 2. Select the **Console** view (instead of Details), start your **deb1** VM, and login. 3. Within your **deb1** VM, open a terminal and show the network interfaces with the command **`ip address`** ![deb1ipadd1](/img/deb1ipadd1.png) @@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ On large public networks like the Internet or even large private networks we use **Perform the following steps:** -1. Complete this investigation on **all of your VMs** and the **debhost** machine. -2. Use the `hostname` and `ip` commands on your **debhost** machine and all of your 3 VM's to gather the information needed to configure the **/etc/hosts** file on all of your Linux systems. +1. Complete this investigation on **all of your VMs** and on **debhost**. +2. Use the `hostname` and `ip` commands on your **debhost** and all of your 3 VM's to gather the information needed to configure the **/etc/hosts** file on all of your Linux systems. 3. Edit the **/etc/hosts** file for the **debhost**, **deb1**, **deb2** and **deb3** VMs. Add the following contents to the bottom of the **/etc/hosts** file: ```text @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ Read the first four sections of this [blogpost](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/a **Perform the following steps:** -1. Switch to your **debhost** machine and start a sudo shell. +1. Switch to your **debhost** and start a sudo shell. 2. Install the **`net-tools`** package. 3. Issue the **ping** command to test connectivity to your **deb1**, **deb2**, and **deb3** VMs. 4. Examine the contents of the ARP cache by using the command: `arp` What is the purpose of ARP? @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ ss -t dst :22 > - **UDP** is a connectionless protocol that relies on application layer protocols to handle reliability of traffic. 11. From **deb2** exit your ssh connection into **debhost** and rerun the command on the **`ss -at`**. Instead of **ESTABLISHED** it should now show a state of **CLOSE_WAIT**. Indicating that the TCP connection is being closed. -12. On your debhost VM, try the command: `ss -atn` How is this output different? Without the -n option ss attempts to resolve IP addresses to host names (using /etc/hosts) and port numbers to service names (using /etc/services) +12. On your debhost, try the command: `ss -atn` How is this output different? Without the -n option ss attempts to resolve IP addresses to host names (using /etc/hosts) and port numbers to service names (using /etc/services) 13. Examine the **/etc/services** file and find which ports are used for the services: ssh, sftp, http **Answer INVESTIGATION 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.** @@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ If you have successfully completed this lab, make a new backup of your virtual m **Perform the Following Steps:** 1. Make certain that ALL of your VMs are running. -2. Switch to your **debhost** VM. +2. Switch to your **debhost**. 3. Change to your user's **bin** directory. 4. Issue the Linux command: