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English Version

题目描述

设计一个算法收集某些股票的每日报价,并返回该股票当日价格的 跨度

当日股票价格的 跨度 被定义为股票价格小于或等于今天价格的最大连续日数(从今天开始往回数,包括今天)。

  • 例如,如果未来 7 天股票的价格是 [100,80,60,70,60,75,85],那么股票跨度将是 [1,1,1,2,1,4,6]

实现 StockSpanner 类:

  • StockSpanner() 初始化类对象。
  • int next(int price) 给出今天的股价 price ,返回该股票当日价格的 跨度

 

示例:

输入:
["StockSpanner", "next", "next", "next", "next", "next", "next", "next"]
[[], [100], [80], [60], [70], [60], [75], [85]]
输出:
[null, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 6]

解释:
StockSpanner stockSpanner = new StockSpanner();
stockSpanner.next(100); // 返回 1
stockSpanner.next(80);  // 返回 1
stockSpanner.next(60);  // 返回 1
stockSpanner.next(70);  // 返回 2
stockSpanner.next(60);  // 返回 1
stockSpanner.next(75);  // 返回 4 ,因为截至今天的最后 4 个股价 (包括今天的股价 75) 都小于或等于今天的股价。
stockSpanner.next(85);  // 返回 6

 

提示:

  • 1 <= price <= 105
  • 最多调用 next 方法 104

解法

方法一:单调栈

根据题目描述,我们可以知道,对于当日价格 price,从这个价格开始往前找,找到第一个比这个价格大的价格,这两个价格的下标差 cnt 就是当日价格的跨度。

这实际上是经典的单调栈模型,找出左侧第一个比当前元素大的元素。

我们维护一个从栈底到栈顶价格单调递减的栈,栈中每个元素存放的是 (price, cnt) 数据对,其中 price 表示价格,cnt 表示当前价格的跨度。

出现价格 price 时,我们将其与栈顶元素进行比较,如果栈顶元素的价格小于等于 price,则将当日价格的跨度 cnt 加上栈顶元素的跨度,然后将栈顶元素出栈,直到栈顶元素的价格大于 price,或者栈为空为止。

最后将 (price, cnt) 入栈,返回 cnt 即可。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,其中 $n$next 函数的调用次数。

Python3

class StockSpanner:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stk = []

    def next(self, price: int) -> int:
        cnt = 1
        while self.stk and self.stk[-1][0] <= price:
            cnt += self.stk.pop()[1]
        self.stk.append((price, cnt))
        return cnt


# Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = StockSpanner()
# param_1 = obj.next(price)

Java

class StockSpanner {
    private Deque<int[]> stk = new ArrayDeque<>();

    public StockSpanner() {
    }

    public int next(int price) {
        int cnt = 1;
        while (!stk.isEmpty() && stk.peek()[0] <= price) {
            cnt += stk.pop()[1];
        }
        stk.push(new int[] {price, cnt});
        return cnt;
    }
}

/**
 * Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * StockSpanner obj = new StockSpanner();
 * int param_1 = obj.next(price);
 */

C++

class StockSpanner {
public:
    StockSpanner() {

    }

    int next(int price) {
        int cnt = 1;
        while (!stk.empty() && stk.top().first <= price) {
            cnt += stk.top().second;
            stk.pop();
        }
        stk.push({price, cnt});
        return cnt;
    }

private:
    stack<pair<int, int>> stk;
};

/**
 * Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * StockSpanner* obj = new StockSpanner();
 * int param_1 = obj->next(price);
 */

Go

type StockSpanner struct {
	stk []pair
}

func Constructor() StockSpanner {
	return StockSpanner{[]pair{}}
}

func (this *StockSpanner) Next(price int) int {
	cnt := 1
	for len(this.stk) > 0 && this.stk[len(this.stk)-1].price <= price {
		cnt += this.stk[len(this.stk)-1].cnt
		this.stk = this.stk[:len(this.stk)-1]
	}
	this.stk = append(this.stk, pair{price, cnt})
	return cnt
}

type pair struct{ price, cnt int }

/**
 * Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * param_1 := obj.Next(price);
 */

TypeScript

class StockSpanner {
    private stack: [number, number][];

    constructor() {
        this.stack = [[Infinity, -1]];
    }

    next(price: number): number {
        let res = 1;
        while (this.stack[this.stack.length - 1][0] <= price) {
            res += this.stack.pop()[1];
        }
        this.stack.push([price, res]);
        return res;
    }
}

/**
 * Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new StockSpanner()
 * var param_1 = obj.next(price)
 */

Rust

use std::collections::VecDeque;
struct StockSpanner {
    stack: VecDeque<(i32, i32)>,
}


/**
 * `&self` means the method takes an immutable reference.
 * If you need a mutable reference, change it to `&mut self` instead.
 */
impl StockSpanner {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            stack: vec![(i32::MAX, -1)].into_iter().collect()
        }
    }

    fn next(&mut self, price: i32) -> i32 {
        let mut res = 1;
        while self.stack.back().unwrap().0 <= price {
            res += self.stack.pop_back().unwrap().1;
        }
        self.stack.push_back((price, res));
        res
    }
}

/**
 * Your StockSpanner object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * let obj = StockSpanner::new();
 * let ret_1: i32 = obj.next(price);
 */

...