diff --git a/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/Queries/GetExclusiveLock.cs b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/Queries/GetExclusiveLock.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..decd951f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/Queries/GetExclusiveLock.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.DataStore.Sql.Queries
+{
+    public class GetExclusiveLock : ISqlQuery<bool>
+    {
+        public string Name { get; set; }
+        public int TimeoutMilliseconds { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/QueryHandlers/GetExclusiveLockHandler.cs b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/QueryHandlers/GetExclusiveLockHandler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a5cd54ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/DataStore/Sql/QueryHandlers/GetExclusiveLockHandler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+using System.Data;
+using System.Data.SqlClient;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Dapper;
+using Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.DataStore.Sql.Queries;
+
+namespace Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.DataStore.Sql.QueryHandlers
+{
+    public class GetExclusiveLockHandler : ISqlQueryHandler<GetExclusiveLock, bool>
+    {
+        public async Task<bool> Execute(SqlTransaction transaction, GetExclusiveLock query)
+        {
+            var param = new DynamicParameters(new
+            {
+                Resource = query.Name,
+                LockMode = "Exclusive",
+                LockTimeout = query.TimeoutMilliseconds
+            });
+
+            param.Add(name: "@RetVal", dbType: DbType.Int32, direction: ParameterDirection.ReturnValue);
+
+            await transaction.Connection.ExecuteAsync(
+                "sp_getapplock",
+                param,
+                transaction,
+                commandTimeout: 0,
+                commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure);
+
+            var result = param.Get<int>("@RetVal");
+
+            // See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-getapplock-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15#return-code-values
+            return result switch
+            {
+                0 => true,
+                1 => true,
+                _ => false
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/SqlDataSync.cs b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/SqlDataSync.cs
index 5b9b0571c..b0aadbb24 100644
--- a/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/SqlDataSync.cs
+++ b/src/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core/SqlDataSync.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 using Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.DataStore.Sql.Queries;
 using Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Models;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 namespace Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core
 {
@@ -16,13 +17,16 @@ public class SqlDataSync
     {
         private readonly IServiceScopeFactory _serviceScopeFactory;
         private readonly ICosmosDbQueryDispatcher _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher;
+        private readonly ILogger _logger;
 
         public SqlDataSync(
             IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory,
-            ICosmosDbQueryDispatcher cosmosDbQueryDispatcher)
+            ICosmosDbQueryDispatcher cosmosDbQueryDispatcher,
+            ILogger<SqlDataSync> logger)
         {
             _serviceScopeFactory = serviceScopeFactory;
             _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher = cosmosDbQueryDispatcher;
+            _logger = logger;
         }
 
         public async Task SyncAll()
@@ -33,29 +37,37 @@ public async Task SyncAll()
             await SyncAllApprenticeships();
         }
 
-        public Task SyncAllApprenticeships() => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
-            new ProcessAllApprenticeships()
-            {
-                ProcessChunk = SyncApprenticeships
-            });
+        public Task SyncAllApprenticeships() => WithExclusiveSqlLock(
+            nameof(SyncAllApprenticeships),
+            () => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
+                new ProcessAllApprenticeships()
+                {
+                    ProcessChunk = SyncApprenticeships
+                }));
 			
-        public Task SyncAllCourses() => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
-            new ProcessAllCourses()
-            {
-                ProcessChunk = SyncCourses
-            });
+        public Task SyncAllCourses() => WithExclusiveSqlLock(
+            nameof(SyncAllCourses),
+            () =>_cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
+                new ProcessAllCourses()
+                {
+                    ProcessChunk = SyncCourses
+                }));
 
-        public Task SyncAllProviders() => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
-            new ProcessAllProviders()
-            {
-                ProcessChunk = SyncProviders
-            });
+        public Task SyncAllProviders() => WithExclusiveSqlLock(
+            nameof(SyncAllProviders),
+            () => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
+                new ProcessAllProviders()
+                {
+                    ProcessChunk = SyncProviders
+                }));
 
-        public Task SyncAllVenues() => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
-            new ProcessAllVenues()
-            {
-                ProcessChunk = SyncVenues
-            });
+        public Task SyncAllVenues() => WithExclusiveSqlLock(
+            nameof(SyncAllVenues),
+                () => _cosmosDbQueryDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(
+                new ProcessAllVenues()
+                {
+                    ProcessChunk = SyncVenues
+                }));
 
         public Task SyncApprenticeship(Apprenticeship apprenticeship) => SyncApprenticeships(new[] { apprenticeship });
 
@@ -224,6 +236,32 @@ public Task SyncVenues(IEnumerable<Venue> venues) => WithSqlDispatcher(dispatche
                 })
             }));
 
+        private async Task WithExclusiveSqlLock(string lockName, Func<Task> action)
+        {
+            // Grab an exclusive lock inside a transaction that spans the entire duration of `action`'s execution.
+            // ISqlQueryDispatcher owns the transaction; Dispose()ing the scope Dispose()s the transaction too.
+            // Note that commiting this transaction is not necessary.
+            // If the lock cannot be grabbed immediately then log & bail.
+
+            using var scope = _serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope();
+
+            var sqlDispatcher = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ISqlQueryDispatcher>();
+
+            var result = await sqlDispatcher.ExecuteQuery(new GetExclusiveLock()
+            {
+                Name = lockName,
+                TimeoutMilliseconds = 0  // Return immediately if lock cannot be acquired
+            });
+
+            if (!result)
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning($"Failed to acquire exclusive lock: '{lockName}'.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            await action();
+        }
+
         private async Task WithSqlDispatcher(Func<ISqlQueryDispatcher, Task> action)
         {
             using (var scope = _serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope())
diff --git a/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Tests/SqlDataSyncTests.cs b/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Tests/SqlDataSyncTests.cs
index 7682c925f..f7a939fb0 100644
--- a/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Tests/SqlDataSyncTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Tests/SqlDataSyncTests.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 using Dfc.CourseDirectory.Core.Models;
 using Dfc.CourseDirectory.Testing;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
 using OneOf.Types;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ public async Task SyncProvider_UpsertsProvider()
 
             var sqlDataSync = new SqlDataSync(
                 Fixture.Services.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>(),
-                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object);
+                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object,
+                new NullLogger<SqlDataSync>());
 
             // Act
             await sqlDataSync.SyncProvider(provider);
@@ -121,7 +123,8 @@ public async Task SyncVenue_UpsertsVenue()
 
             var sqlDataSync = new SqlDataSync(
                 Fixture.Services.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>(),
-                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object);
+                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object,
+                new NullLogger<SqlDataSync>());
 
             // Act
             await sqlDataSync.SyncVenue(venue);
@@ -212,7 +215,8 @@ public async Task SyncCourse_UpsertsCourse()
 
             var sqlDataSync = new SqlDataSync(
                 Fixture.Services.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>(),
-                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object);
+                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object,
+                new NullLogger<SqlDataSync>());
 
             // Act
             await sqlDataSync.SyncCourse(course);
@@ -324,7 +328,8 @@ public async Task SyncApprenticeship_UpsertsApprenticeship()
 
             var sqlDataSync = new SqlDataSync(
                 Fixture.Services.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>(),
-                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object);
+                CosmosDbQueryDispatcher.Object,
+                new NullLogger<SqlDataSync>());
 
             // Act
             await sqlDataSync.SyncApprenticeship(apprenticeship);
diff --git a/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Testing/DatabaseFixture.cs b/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Testing/DatabaseFixture.cs
index 13715c675..2be15a2f5 100644
--- a/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Testing/DatabaseFixture.cs
+++ b/tests/Dfc.CourseDirectory.Testing/DatabaseFixture.cs
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public static void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
             services.AddSingleton<SqlQuerySpy>();
             services.Decorate<ISqlQueryDispatcher, SqlQuerySpyDecorator>();
             services.AddTransient<SqlDataSync>();
+            services.AddLogging();
         }
 
         public void Dispose()