function.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "num is :  10\n",
      "abc inside function is :  10\n",
      "abc outside function is :  5\n",
      "3.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "abc=5\n",
    "def average(prices, abc):\n",
    "    total = 0 \n",
    "    print('num is : ',num)\n",
    "    print('abc inside function is : ',abc)\n",
    "    for price in prices: \n",
    "        total = total + price \n",
    "    avg = total/len(prices)\n",
    "    return avg\n",
    "numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]\n",
    "num = 10 \n",
    "my_average = average(numbers, num)\n",
    "print('abc outside function is : ',abc)\n",
    "print(my_average) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25\n",
      "28.75\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "order_goal = 25\n",
    "def average(numbers):\n",
    "    total = 0\n",
    "    for num in numbers:\n",
    "        total = total + num\n",
    "    avg = total/len(numbers)\n",
    "    return avg\n",
    "def main():\n",
    "    prices = [29, 21, 55, 10]\n",
    "    result = average(prices)\n",
    "    print(order_goal)\n",
    "    print(result)\n",
    "main()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = abs(-3.0)\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "\n",
    "l = len(\"ABCDEF\")\n",
    "print(l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def sayHello():\n",
    "    print('Hello world!')\n",
    "    \n",
    "sayHello()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "sayHello() # Call the function to print 'Hello world'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def sayHello(name):\n",
    "    print('Hello', name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "sayHello('User')  # Prints 'Hello User'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "text = 'Mary'\n",
    "sayHello(text)     # Prints 'Hello Mary'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def square(x):\n",
    "  y = x*x\n",
    "  return y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = 7\n",
    "result = square(number) # Call the square() function which returns a result\n",
    "print(result)           # Prints: 49"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(square(1.2e-3))   # Prints: 1.4399999999999998e-06"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def calcFunc(x, y):\n",
    "  z = x*x + y*y\n",
    "  return z\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "result = calcFunc(1.414, 2.0)\n",
    "print(result)  #  5.999396"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def calcDistance(vec1, vec2):    \n",
    "    dist = 0\n",
    "    for i in range(len(vec1)):\n",
    "        delta = vec1[i] - vec2[i]\n",
    "        dist += delta*delta\n",
    "    dist = dist**(1/2) # square-root\n",
    "    return dist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "w1 = ( 23.1, 17.8, -5.6 )\n",
    "w2 = ( 8.4, 15.9, 7.7 )\n",
    "calcDistance( w1, w2 )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "calcDistance( ( 1, 2 ), ( 3, 4 ) ) # dimension: 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "calcDistance( [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ) # vectors represented as lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "calcDistance( ( 1, 2 ), [ 3, 4 ] ) # mixed representation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def getSign(value):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if value > 0:\n",
    "        return \"Positive\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    elif value < 0:\n",
    "        return \"Negative\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return # implicit 'None'\n",
    "\n",
    "    print(\"Hello world\") # execution does not reach this line\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(\"getSign( 33.6 ):\", getSign( 33.6 ))\n",
    "print(\"getSign( -7 ):\", getSign( -7 ))\n",
    "print(\"getSign( 0 ):\", getSign( 0 ))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myFunction(value1, value2):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    total = value1 + value2\n",
    "    difference = value1 - value2\n",
    "    product = value1 * value2\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return total, difference, product\n",
    "\n",
    "values = myFunction( 3, 7 )  # Grab output as a whole tuple\n",
    "print(\"Results as a tuple:\", values)\n",
    "\n",
    "x, y, z = myFunction( 3, 7 ) # Unpack tuple to grab individual values\n",
    "print(\"x:\", x)\n",
    "print(\"y:\", y)\n",
    "print(\"z:\", z)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def square(number):\n",
    "    # one mandatory argument\n",
    "    y = number*number\n",
    "    return y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "square(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "square(number=3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def repeat(seq, n):\n",
    "    # two mandatory arguments\n",
    "    result = ''\n",
    "    for i in range(0,n):\n",
    "        result += seq\n",
    "    return result\n",
    "\n",
    "print(repeat(\"abc\", 3))\n",
    "print(repeat(n=4, seq=\"XYZ\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(repeat(seq=\"LMN\", n=3))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def runSimulation(nsteps=1000):\n",
    "    print(\"Running simulation for\", nsteps, \"steps\")\n",
    "\n",
    "runSimulation(500)\n",
    "runSimulation()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myFunction(parameters=[]):\n",
    "    parameters.append( 100 )\n",
    "    print(parameters)\n",
    "    \n",
    "myFunction()\n",
    "myFunction()\n",
    "myFunction()\n",
    "myFunction([])\n",
    "myFunction([])\n",
    "myFunction([])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myFunction(parameters):\n",
    "    # one mandatory argument without default value\n",
    "    parameters.append( 100 )\n",
    "    print(parameters)\n",
    "    \n",
    "my_list = []\n",
    "myFunction(my_list)\n",
    "myFunction(my_list)\n",
    "myFunction(my_list)\n",
    "my_new_list = []\n",
    "myFunction(my_new_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def runSimulation(initialTemperature, nsteps=1000):\n",
    "    # one mandatory argument followed by one with default value\n",
    "    print(\"Running simulation starting at\", initialTemperature, \"K and doing\", nsteps, \"steps\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "runSimulation(300, 500)\n",
    "runSimulation(300)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "runSimulation( nsteps=100, initialTemperature=300 )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "runSimulation( initialTemperature=300 )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "runSimulation( nsteps=100 ) # Error: missing required argument 'initialTemperature'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "runSimulation( nsteps=100, 300 ) # Error: positional argument follows keyword argument"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "runSimulation( initialTemperature=300, numSteps=100 ) # Error: unexpected keyword argument 'numSteps'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def badFunction(nsteps=1000, initialTemperature):\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def mathFunction(x, y):\n",
    "    math_func_result = ( x + y ) * ( x - y )\n",
    "    return math_func_result"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "answer = mathFunction( 4, 7 )\n",
    "print(answer)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "answer = mathFunction( 4, 7 )\n",
    "print(math_func_result)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "counter = 1\n",
    "def increment(): \n",
    "    print(counter)\n",
    "    counter += 1\n",
    "\n",
    "increment()\n",
    "print(counter)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "counter = 1\n",
    "def increment(): \n",
    "    global counter\n",
    "    print(counter)\n",
    "    counter += 1\n",
    "\n",
    "increment()\n",
    "print(counter)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def increment(counter): \n",
    "    return counter + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "counter = 0\n",
    "counter = increment( counter ) \n",
    "print(counter)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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