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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">Splatter a Video: Video Gaussian Representation for Versatile Processing</h1>
<div class="title is-3">
<strong>NeurIPS 2024</strong>
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<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
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<a href="https://sunyangtian.github.io/">Yang-Tian Sun</a><sup>1 *</sup>,
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<a href="https://yihua7.github.io/website/">Yi-Hua Huang</a><sup>1 *</sup>,
</div>
<div class="author-block">
<a href="https://github.com/marlinilram">Lin Ma</a><sup></sup>,
</div>
<div class="author-block">
<a href="https://github.com/shawLyu">Xiaoyang Lyu</a><sup>1</sup>,
</div>
<div class="author-block">
<a href="https://yanpei.me/">Yan-Pei Cao</a><sup>2</sup>,
</div>
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<a href="https://xjqi.github.io/">Xiaojuan Qi</a><sup>1 #</sup>
</div>
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<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block"><sup>1</sup>The University of Hong Kong</span>,
<span class="author-block"><sup>2</sup>VAST</span>,
<!-- <span class="author-block"><sup>3</sup>Zhejiang University</span> -->
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<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block"><sup>*</sup>Equal Contribution</span>,
<span class="author-block"><sup>#</sup>Corresponding Author</span>
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<!-- <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<sup>1</sup> <a href="https://www.hku.hk/"><img style="width:12%; padding-right: 15px;" src="materials/logo/HKU.png"> </a>
<sup>2</sup> <a href="https://github.com/VAST-AI-Research"><img style="width:45%; padding-right: 15px;" src="materials/logo/VAST.png"> </a>
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<strong>Arxiv</strong>
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<!-- <h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2> -->
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<p><strong>TL, DR:</strong> We propose a method to represent wild videos using 3D Gaussians, without explicit camera dependency, for versatile video processing tasks</p>
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<h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
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<p>
Video representation is a long-standing problem that is crucial for various down- stream tasks, such as tracking, depth prediction, segmentation, view synthesis, and editing. However, current methods either struggle to model complex motions due to the absence of 3D structure or rely on implicit 3D representations that are ill-suited for manipulation tasks. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel explicit 3D representation—video Gaussian representation—that embeds a video into 3D Gaussians. Our proposed representation models video appearance in a 3D canonical space using explicit Gaussians as proxies and associates each Gaussian with 3D motions for video motion. This approach offers a more intrinsic and explicit representation than layered atlas or volumetric pixel matrices. To obtain such a representation, we distill 2D priors, such as optical flow and depth, from foundation models to regularize learning in this ill-posed setting. Extensive applications demonstrate the versatility of our new video representation. It has been proven effective in numerous video processing tasks, including tracking, consistent video depth and feature refinement, motion and appearance editing, and stereoscopic video generation.
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<!--/ Paper video. -->
<section class="section">
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<h2 class="title is-3">Video Gaussian Representation</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
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<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/camera_space.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<h2 class="title is-3">Dense Video Tracking</h2>
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<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/horsejumping-high.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
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<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/gold-fish.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
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<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/bmx-trees.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
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</div>
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<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/motorbike.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/parkour.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/tracking/loading.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Consistent feature</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
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<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/consistent_feature.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Geometry editing</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
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<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/geometry_editing.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Appearance editing</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
<div id="results-carousel" class="carousel2 results-carousel">
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/appearance_editing.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
<!-- <div id="results-carousel" class="carousel2 results-carousel">
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/appearance_editing2.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Novel view synthesis</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
<div id="results-carousel" class="carousel2 results-carousel">
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/stereo_view.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Video frame interpolation</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
<div id="results-carousel" class="carousel2 results-carousel">
<div class="item item-steve">
<video poster="" id="steve" autoplay controls muted loop width="100%">
<source src="./materials/videos/interpolation.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Quantative Comparison on Tap-Vid DAVIS</h2>
<style type="text/css">
.tg {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}
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table {
margin: 0 auto;
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</style>
<table class="tg"><thead>
<tr>
<th class="tg-0lax">Methods</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">PSNR↑</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">SSIM↑</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">LPIPS↓</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">AJ ↑</th>
<th class="tg-0lax"><δ<sup>x</sup><sub>avg</sub> ↑</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">OA ↑</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">TC ↓</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">Training Time</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">GPU Memory</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">FPS</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">4DGS</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">18.12</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.5735</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.5130</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">5.1</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">10.2</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">75.45</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">8.11</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">40 mins</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">10G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">145.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">RoDynRF</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">24.79</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.723</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.394</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">\</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">\</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">\</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">\</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">> 24 hours</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">24G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">Deformable Sprites</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">22.83</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.6983</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.3014</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">20.6</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">32.9</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">69.7</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">2.07</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">30 mins</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">24G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">Omnimotion</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">24.11</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.7145</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.3713</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">51.7</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">67.5</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">85.3</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">0.74</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax">> 24 hours</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">24G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"> <0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">CoDeF</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">26.17</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.8160</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">0.2905</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">7.6</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">13.7</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">78.0</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">7.56</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">~30 mins</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">10G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"> 8.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tg-0lax">Ours</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">28.63</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">0.8373</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax"><span style="font-weight:bold">0.2283</span></td>
<td class="tg-0lax">41.9</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">57.7</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">79.2</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">1.82</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">~30 mins</td>
<td class="tg-0lax">10G</td>
<td class="tg-0lax"> 149 </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full-width">
<h2 class="title is-3">Comparison with other methods</h2>
<p>
<!-- Text -->
</p>
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<th class="tg-0lax">Methods</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">Bear</th>
<th class="tg-0lax">Cow</th>
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<section class="section " id="BibTeX">
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<h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
<pre><code>@article{sun2024sav,
title={Splatter a Video: Video Gaussian Representation for Versatile Processing,
author={Sun, Yang-Tian, and Huang, Yi-Hua and Ma, Lin and Lyu, Xiaoyang and Cao, Yan-Pei and Qi, Xiaojuan},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.14937},
year={2023}
}</code></pre>
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<h2 class="title is-3">Acknowledgements</h2>
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<p>The website template is borrowed from <a href="https://nerfies.github.io/">Nerfies</a>.
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