ref.bib

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Bibliography
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

@string{iclr = "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"}
@string{aaai = "Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)"}
@string{emnlp = "Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@string{acl = "Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@string{acl_demo = "Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL): System Demonstrations"}
@string{aistats = "Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS)"}
@string{nips = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)"}
@string{icml = "International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)"}
@string{naacl = "North American Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)"}
@string{conll = "Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)"}
@string{ijcnlp = "International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP)"}
@string{cvpr = "Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)"}
@string{iccv = "International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)"}
@string{acl_hlt = "Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL-HLT)"}
@string{jmlr = "The Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR)"}
@string{tacl = "Transactions of the Association of Computational Linguistics (TACL)"}
@string{lrec = "International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)"}
@string{coling = "International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@string{cl = "Computational Linguistics"}

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}

@phdthesis{charniak1972toward,
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  year={1972},
  school={Massachusetts Institute of Technology}
}

@book{schank1977scripts,
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}

@phdthesis{lehnert1977process,
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  year={1977},
  school={Yale University}
}

@article{hochreiter1997,
  title={Long short-term memory},
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}

@inproceedings{kupiec1993murax,
  title={{MURAX}: A robust linguistic approach for question answering using an on-line encyclopedia},
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  year={1993}
}

@book{kintsch1998comprehension,
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}

@inproceedings{voorhees1999trec,
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  pages={77--82},
  year={1999}
}

@inproceedings{hirschman1999deep,
  title={Deep read: A reading comprehension system},
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  year={1999}
}

@inproceedings{riloff2000rule,
  title={A rule-based question answering system for reading comprehension tests},
  author={Riloff, Ellen and Thelen, Michael},
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  pages={13--19},
  year={2000}
}

@inproceedings{charniak2000reading,
  title={Reading comprehension programs in a statistical-language-processing class},
  author={Charniak, Eugene and Altun, Yasemin and Braz, Rodrigo de Salvo and Garrett, Benjamin and Kosmala, Margaret and Moscovich, Tomer and Pang, Lixin and Pyo, Changhee and Sun, Ye and Wy, Wei and others},
  booktitle={ANLP/NAACL Workshop on Reading comprehension tests as evaluation for computer-based language understanding sytems},
  pages={1--5},
  year={2000}
}

@inproceedings{moldovan2000structure,
  title={The structure and performance of an open-domain question answering system},
  author={Moldovan, Dan and Harabagiu, Sanda and Pasca, Marius and Mihalcea, Rada and Girju, Roxana and Goodrum, Richard and Rus, Vasile},
  booktitle=acl,
  pages={563--570},
  year={2000}
}

@inproceedings{brill2002askmsr,
  title={An analysis of the {AskMSR} question-answering system},
  author={Brill, Eric and Dumais, Susan and Banko, Michele},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={257--264},
  year={2002}
}

@inproceedings{papineni2002bleu,
  title={{BLEU}: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation},
  author={Papineni, Kishore and Roukos, Salim and Ward, Todd and Zhu, Wei-Jing},
  booktitle=acl,
  pages={311--318},
  year={2002}
}

@inproceedings{Ahn2004using,
  author = {Ahn, David and Jijkoun, Valentin and Mishne, Gilad and Müller, Karin and de Rijke, Maarten and Schlobach., Stefan},
  booktitle = {Text {RE}trieval Conference (TREC)},
  title = {Using {Wikipedia} at the {TREC} {QA} {Track}},
  year = {2004}
}

@article{lin2004rouge,
  title={{ROUGE}: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries},
  author={Lin, Chin-Yew},
  journal={Text Summarization Branches Out},
  year={2004}
}

@inproceedings{banerjee2005meteor,
  title={{METEOR}: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments},
  author={Banerjee, Satanjeev and Lavie, Alon},
  booktitle={ACL workshop on intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation measures for machine translation and/or summarization},
  pages={65--72},
  year={2005}
}

@inproceedings{buscaldi2006mining,
  title={Mining knowledge from {Wikipedia} for the question answering task},
  author={Buscaldi, Davide and Rosso, Paolo},
  booktitle=lrec,
  pages={727--730},
  year={2006}
}

@incollection{auer2007dbpedia,
  title={{DBpedia}: A nucleus for a web of open data},
  author={Auer, S{\"o}ren and Bizer, Christian and Kobilarov, Georgi and Lehmann, Jens and Cyganiak, Richard and Ives, Zachary},
  booktitle={The Semantic Web},
  pages={722--735},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{bollacker2008freebase,
  title={Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge},
  author={Bollacker, Kurt and Evans, Colin and Paritosh, Praveen and Sturge, Tim and Taylor, Jamie},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data},
  pages={1247--1250},
  year={2008}
}

@inproceedings{mitchell2009populating,
  title={Populating the semantic web by macro-reading internet text},
  author={Mitchell, Tom M and Betteridge, Justin and Carlson, Andrew and Hruschka, Estevam and Wang, Richard},
  booktitle={International Semantic Web Conference (IWSC)},
  pages={998--1002},
  year={2009}
}

@inproceedings{mintz2009distant,
  author    = {Mintz, Mike  and  Bills, Steven  and  Snow, Rion  and  Jurafsky, Daniel},
  title     = {Distant supervision for relation extraction without labeled data},
  booktitle = acl,
  year      = {2009},
  pages     = {1003--1011}
}

@inproceedings{weinberger2009feature,
  title={Feature hashing for large scale multitask learning},
  author={Weinberger, Kilian and Dasgupta, Anirban and Langford, John and Smola, Alex and Attenberg, Josh},
  booktitle=icml,
  pages={1113--1120},
  year={2009}
}

@article{wu2010adapting,
  title={Adapting boosting for information retrieval measures},
  author={Wu, Qiang and Burges, Christopher JC and Svore, Krysta M and Gao, Jianfeng},
  journal={Information Retrieval},
  volume={13},
  number={3},
  pages={254--270},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{ferrucci2010building,
  title={Building {Watson}: An overview of the {DeepQA} project},
  author={Ferrucci, David and Brown, Eric and Chu-Carroll, Jennifer and Fan, James and Gondek, David and Kalyanpur, Aditya A and Lally, Adam and Murdock, J William and Nyberg, Eric and Prager, John and others},
  journal={AI magazine},
  volume={31},
  number={3},
  pages={59--79},
  year={2010}
}

@inproceedings{krizhevsky2012imagenet,
  title={Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks},
  author={Krizhevsky, Alex and Sutskever, Ilya and Hinton, Geoffrey E},
  booktitle=nips,
  pages={1097--1105},
  year={2012}
}

@inproceedings{graves2013speech,
  title={Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks},
  author={Graves, Alex and Mohamed, Abdel-rahman and Hinton, Geoffrey},
  booktitle={International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal processing (ICASSP)},
  pages={6645--6649},
  year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{richardson2013mctest,
  author    = {Richardson, Matthew  and  Burges, Christopher J.C.  and  Renshaw, Erin},
  title     = {{MCTest}: A Challenge Dataset for the Open-Domain Machine Comprehension of Text},
  booktitle = emnlp,
  pages     = {193--203},
  year      = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{berant2013semantic,
  title={Semantic Parsing on {Freebase} from Question-Answer Pairs},
  author={Berant, Jonathan and Chou, Andrew and Frostig, Roy and Liang, Percy},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={1533--1544},
  year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{mikolov2013distributed,
  title={Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality},
  author={Mikolov, Tomas and Sutskever, Ilya and Chen, Kai and Corrado, Greg S and Dean, Jeff},
  booktitle=nips,
  pages={3111--3119},
  year={2013}
}

@article{kingma2014adam,
  title={Adam: A method for stochastic optimization},
  author={Kingma, Diederik and Ba, Jimmy},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980},
  year={2014}
}


@inproceedings{manning2014stanford,
  title={The {Stanford} {CoreNLP} natural language processing toolkit},
  author={Manning, Christopher D and Surdeanu, Mihai and Bauer, John and Finkel, Jenny and Bethard, Steven J and McClosky, David},
  booktitle=acl_demo,
  pages={55--60},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{fader2014open,
  title={Open Question Answering Over Curated and Extracted Knowledge Bases},
  author={Fader, Anthony and Zettlemoyer, Luke and Etzioni, Oren},
  booktitle={SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{yao2014freebase,
  title={Freebase {QA}: Information Extraction or Semantic Parsing?},
  author={Yao, Xuchen and Berant, Jonathan and Van Durme, Benjamin},
  booktitle={ACL 2014 Workshop on Semantic Parsing},
  pages={82--86},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{berant2014modeling,
  author    = {Berant, Jonathan  and  Srikumar, Vivek  and  Chen, Pei-Chun  and  Vander Linden, Abby  and  Harding, Brittany  and  Huang, Brad  and  Clark, Peter  and  Manning, Christopher D.},
  title     = {Modeling Biological Processes for Reading Comprehension},
  booktitle = emnlp,
  year      = {2014},
  pages     = {1499--1510}
}

@inproceedings{cho2014learning,
  title={Learning Phrase Representations using {RNN} Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation},
  author={Cho, Kyunghyun and Merrienboer, Bart and Gulcehre, Caglar and Bougares, Fethi and Schwenk, Holger and Bengio, Yoshua},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  year={2014},
  pages = {1724--1734}
}

@inproceedings{pennington2014glove,
  title={Glove: Global vectors for word representation},
  author={Pennington, Jeffrey and Socher, Richard and Manning, Christopher},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={1532--1543},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{kim2014convolutional,
  title={Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification},
  author={Kim, Yoon},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={1746--1751},
  year={2014}
}

@article{ryu2014open,
  title={Open domain question answering using {Wikipedia-based} knowledge model},
  author={Ryu, Pum-Mo and Jang, Myung-Gil and Kim, Hyun-Ki},
  journal={Information Processing \& Management},
  volume={50},
  pages={683--692},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{sutskever2014sequence,
  title={Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks},
  author={Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc V},
  booktitle=nips,
  pages={3104--3112},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{chelba2014one,
  title={One Billion Word Benchmark for Measuring Progress in Statistical Language Modeling},
  author={Chelba, Ciprian and Mikolov, Tomas and Schuster, Mike and Ge, Qi and Brants, Thorsten and Koehn, Phillipp and Robinson, Tony},
  booktitle={Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech)},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{antol2015vqa,
  title={{VQA}: Visual {Q}uestion {A}nswering},
  author={Antol, Stanislaw and Agrawal, Aishwarya and Lu, Jiasen and Mitchell, Margaret and Batra, Dhruv and Lawrence Zitnick, C and Parikh, Devi},
  booktitle=iccv,
  pages={2425--2433},
  year={2015}
}

@article{vinyals2015neural,
	title = {A Neural Conversational Model},
	journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.05869},
	author = {Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc},
	year = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{pasupat2015compositional,
  title={Compositional Semantic Parsing on Semi-Structured Tables},
  author={Pasupat, Panupong and Liang, Percy},
  booktitle=acl,
  pages={1470--1480},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{baudivs2015modeling,
  title={Modeling of the question answering task in the {YodaQA} system},
  author={Baudi{\v{s}}, Petr and {\v{S}}ediv{\`y}, Jan},
  booktitle={International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages},
  pages={222--228},
  year={2015},
  organization={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{baudivs2015yodaqa,
  title={{YodaQA}: a modular question answering system pipeline},
  author={Baudi{\v{s}}, Petr},
  booktitle={POSTER 2015---19th International Student Conference on Electrical Engineering},
  pages={1156--1165},
  year={2015}
}

@book{gormley2015elasticsearch,
  title={Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide},
  author={Gormley, Clinton and Tong, Zachary},
  year={2015},
  publisher={O'Reilly Media, Inc}
}

@article{bordes2015large,
  title={Large-scale Simple Question Answering with Memory Networks},
  author={Bordes, Antoine and Usunier, Nicolas and Chopra, Sumit and Weston, Jason},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.02075},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{weston2015memory,
  author = {Weston, Jason and Chopra, Sumit and Bordes, Antoine},
  title = {Memory Networks},
  booktitle = iclr,
  year = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{bahdanau2015neural,
  author    = {Dzmitry Bahdanau and Kyunghyun Cho and Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate},
  booktitle = iclr,
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{hermann2015teaching,
  author = {Karl Moritz Hermann and Tom\'a\v{s} Ko\v{c}isk\'y and Edward Grefenstette and Lasse Espeholt and Will Kay and Mustafa Suleyman and Phil Blunsom},
  title = {Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehend},
  booktitle = nips,
  pages={1693--1701},
  year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{srivastava2015training,
  title={Training very deep networks},
  author={Srivastava, Rupesh K and Greff, Klaus and Schmidhuber, J{\"u}rgen},
  booktitle=nips,
  pages={2377--2385},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{narasimhan2015machine,
  title={Machine comprehension with discourse relations},
  author={Narasimhan, Karthik and Barzilay, Regina},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={1253--1262},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{sachan2015learning,
  title={Learning answer-entailing structures for machine comprehension},
  author={Sachan, Mrinmaya and Dubey, Kumar and Xing, Eric and Richardson, Matthew},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={239--249},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{wang2015machine,
  title={Machine comprehension with syntax, frames, and semantics},
  author={Wang, Hai and Bansal, Mohit and Gimpel, Kevin and McAllester, David},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={2},
  pages={700--706},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{luong2015effective,
  title={Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Luong, Thang and Pham, Hieu and Manning, Christopher D},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={1412--1421},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{sun2015open,
  title={Open domain question answering via semantic enrichment},
  author={Sun, Huan and Ma, Hao and Yih, Wen-tau and Tsai, Chen-Tse and Liu, Jingjing and Chang, Ming-Wei},
  booktitle={International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW)},
  pages={1045--1055},
  year={2015}
}

@article{cho2015natural,
  title={Natural language understanding with distributed representation},
  author={Cho, Kyunghyun},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.07916},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{he2016deep,
  title={Deep residual learning for image recognition},
  author={He, Kaiming and Zhang, Xiangyu and Ren, Shaoqing and Sun, Jian},
  booktitle=cvpr,
  pages={770--778},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{tapaswi2016movieqa,
  title={{MovieQA}: Understanding stories in movies through question-answering},
  author={Tapaswi, Makarand and Zhu, Yukun and Stiefelhagen, Rainer and Torralba, Antonio and Urtasun, Raquel and Fidler, Sanja},
  booktitle=cvpr,
  pages={4631--4640},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{ranzato2016sequence,
  title={Sequence level training with recurrent neural networks},
  author={Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio and Chopra, Sumit and Auli, Michael and Zaremba, Wojciech},
  booktitle=iclr,
  year={2016}
}

@article{nguyen2016ms,
  title={{MS MARCO}: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset},
  author={Nguyen, Tri and Rosenberg, Mir and Song, Xia and Gao, Jianfeng and Tiwary, Saurabh and Majumder, Rangan and Deng, Li},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.09268},
  year={2016}
}

@article{lee2016learning,
  title={Learning recurrent span representations for extractive question answering},
  author={Lee, Kenton and Salant, Shimi and Kwiatkowski, Tom and Parikh, Ankur and Das, Dipanjan and Berant, Jonathan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.01436},
  year={2016}
}


@inproceedings{li2016diversity,
  title={A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Models},
  author={Li, Jiwei and Galley, Michel and Brockett, Chris and Gao, Jianfeng and Dolan, Bill},
  booktitle=naacl,
  pages={110--119},
  year={2016}
}

@article{bajgar2016embracing,
  title={Embracing data abundance: {BookTest} dataset for reading comprehension},
  author={Bajgar, Ondrej and Kadlec, Rudolf and Kleindienst, Jan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.00956},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{chen2016thorough,
    title={A Thorough Examination of the {CNN/Daily Mail} Reading Comprehension Task},
    author={Chen, Danqi and Bolton, Jason and Manning, Christopher D},
    booktitle=acl,
    volume={1},
    year={2016},
    pages = {2358--2367},
}

@inproceedings{shen2016minimum,
  title={Minimum Risk Training for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Shen, Shiqi and Cheng, Yong and He, Zhongjun and He, Wei and Wu, Hua and Sun, Maosong and Liu, Yang},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={1683--1692},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{gu2016incorporating,
  author    = {Gu, Jiatao  and  Lu, Zhengdong  and  Li, Hang  and  Li, Victor O.K.},
  title     = {Incorporating Copying Mechanism in Sequence-to-Sequence Learning},
  booktitle = acl,
  year      = {2016},
  pages     = {1631--1640}
}

@inproceedings{lei2016rationalizing,
  title={Rationalizing Neural Predictions},
  author={Lei, Tao and Barzilay, Regina and Jaakkola, Tommi},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={107--117},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{rajpurkar2016squad,
  author = {Rajpurkar, Pranav  and  Zhang, Jian  and  Lopyrev, Konstantin  and  Liang, Percy},
  booktitle = emnlp,
  title = {{SQuAD}: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {2383--2392}
}

@inproceedings{andreas2016learning,
  title={Learning to Compose Neural Networks for Question Answering},
  author={Andreas, Jacob and Rohrbach, Marcus and Darrell, Trevor and Klein, Dan},
  booktitle=naacl,
  pages={1545--1554},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{parikh2016decomposable,
  title={A Decomposable Attention Model for Natural Language Inference},
  author={Parikh, Ankur and T{\"a}ckstr{\"o}m, Oscar and Das, Dipanjan and Uszkoreit, Jakob},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={2249--2255},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{onishi2016did,
  title={Who did What: A Large-Scale Person-Centered Cloze Dataset},
  author={Onishi, Takeshi and Wang, Hai and Bansal, Mohit and Gimpel, Kevin and McAllester, David},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={2230--2235},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{miller2016key,
  title={Key-Value Memory Networks for Directly Reading Documents},
  author={Miller, Alexander and Fisch, Adam and Dodge, Jesse and Karimi, Amir-Hossein and Bordes, Antoine and Weston, Jason},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={1400--1409},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{liu2016not,
  title={How {NOT} To Evaluate Your Dialogue System: An Empirical Study of Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Dialogue Response Generation},
  author={Liu, Chia-Wei and Lowe, Ryan and Serban, Iulian and Noseworthy, Mike and Charlin, Laurent and Pineau, Joelle},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={2122--2132},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{hill2016goldilocks,
  title={The {Goldilocks} {Principle}: Reading Children's Books with Explicit Memory Representations},
  author={Hill, Felix and Bordes, Antoine and Chopra, Sumit and Weston, Jason},
  booktitle=iclr,
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{hewlett2016wiki,
  author    = {Hewlett, Daniel  and  Lacoste, Alexandre  and  Jones, Llion  and  Polosukhin, Illia  and  Fandrianto, Andrew  and  Han, Jay  and  Kelcey, Matthew  and  Berthelot, David},
  title     = {WikiReading: A Novel Large-scale Language Understanding Task over Wikipedia},
  booktitle = acl,
  pages     = {1535--1545},
  year      = {2016}
}

@inproceedings{gal2016theoretically,
  title={A theoretically grounded application of dropout in recurrent neural networks},
  author={Gal, Yarin and Ghahramani, Zoubin},
  booktitle=nips,
  pages={1019--1027},
  year={2016}
}

@book{goldberg2017neural,
  title={Neural network methods for natural language processing},
  author={Goldberg, Yoav},
  journal={Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies},
  volume={10},
  number={1},
  pages={1--309},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Morgan \& Claypool Publishers}
}

@inproceedings{klein2017opennmt,
  title={{OpenNMT}: Open-Source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Klein, Guillaume and Kim, Yoon and Deng, Yuntian and Senellart, Jean and Rush, Alexander},
  journal=acl_demo,
  pages={67--72},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{das2017visual,
  title={Visual Dialog},
  author={Das, Abhishek and Kottur, Satwik and Gupta, Khushi and Singh, Avi and Yadav, Deshraj and Moura, Jose MF and Parikh, Devi and Batra, Dhruv},
  booktitle=cvpr,
  pages={1080--1089},
  year={2017}
}

@article{mikolov2017advances,
  title={Advances in pre-training distributed word representations},
  author={Mikolov, Tomas and Grave, Edouard and Bojanowski, Piotr and Puhrsch, Christian and Joulin, Armand},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.09405},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{wang2017gated,
  title={Gated self-matching networks for reading comprehension and question answering},
  author={Wang, Wenhui and Yang, Nan and Wei, Furu and Chang, Baobao and Zhou, Ming},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={189--198},
  year={2017}
}

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  author={Yu, Adams Wei and Lee, Hongrae and Le, Quoc},
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{weissenborn2017making,
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  author={Weissenborn, Dirk and Wiese, Georg and Seiffe, Laura},
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{seo2017bidirectional,
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  year={2017}
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@inproceedings{xiong2017dynamic,
  title={Dynamic coattention networks for question answering},
  author={Xiong, Caiming and Zhong, Victor and Socher, Richard},
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@inproceedings{wang2017machine,
  title={Machine Comprehension using {Match-LSTM} and Answer Pointer},
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@inproceedings{chen2017reading,
    title={Reading {Wikipedia} to Answer Open-Domain Questions},
    author={Chen, Danqi and Fisch, Adam and Weston, Jason and Bordes, Antoine},
    booktitle=acl,
    volume={1},
    year={2017},
    pages={1870--1879}
}

@inproceedings{sugawara2017evaluation,
  title={Evaluation metrics for machine reading comprehension: Prerequisite skills and readability},
  author={Sugawara, Saku and Kido, Yusuke and Yokono, Hikaru and Aizawa, Akiko},
  booktitle=acl,
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  pages={806--817},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{kembhavi2017you,
  title={Are You Smarter Than a Sixth Grader? {Textbook} Question Answering for Multimodal Machine Comprehension},
  author={Kembhavi, Aniruddha and Seo, Minjoon and Schwenk, Dustin and Choi, Jonghyun and Farhadi, Ali and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh},
  booktitle=cvpr,
  pages={5376--5384},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{see2017get,
  title={Get to the point: Summarization with pointer-generator networks},
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  pages={1073--1083}
}

@inproceedings{joshi2017triviaqa,
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  booktitle=acl,
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  year={2017},
  pages={1601--1611}
}

@inproceedings{iyyer2017search,
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  author={Iyyer, Mohit and Yih, Wen-tau and Chang, Ming-Wei},
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  pages={1821--1831},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{xie2017constituent,
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  year={2017}
}

@article{dhingra2017comparative,
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  year={2017}
}

@article{dhingra2017quasar,
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{miller2017parlai,
  title={{ParlAI}: A Dialog Research Software Platform},
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  pages={79--84},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{lai2017race,
  title={{RACE}: Large-scale ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinations},
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  pages={785--794},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{welbl2017crowdsourcing,
  title={Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions},
  author={Welbl, Johannes and Liu, Nelson F and Gardner, Matt},
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{jia2017adversarial,
  title={Adversarial Examples for Evaluating Reading Comprehension Systems},
  author={Jia, Robin and Liang, Percy},
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  pages={2021--2031},
  year={2017}
}

@article{dunn2017searchqa,
  title={{SearchQA}: A new {Q\&A} dataset augmented with context from a search engine},
  author={Dunn, Matthew and Sagun, Levent and Higgins, Mike and Guney, V Ugur and Cirik, Volkan and Cho, Kyunghyun},
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{vaswani2017attention,
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  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{coleman2017dawnbench,
  title={{DAWNBench}: An End-to-End Deep Learning Benchmark and Competition},
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}


@inproceedings{mccann2017learned,
  title={Learned in translation: Contextualized word vectors},
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  year={2017}
}

@article{bojanowski2017enriching,
  title={Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information},
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  pages={135--146},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{wang2018r,
  title={R\^{}3: Reinforced Reader-Ranker for Open-Domain Question Answering},
  author={Wang, Shuohang and Yu, Mo and Guo, Xiaoxiao and Wang, Zhiguo and Klinger, Tim and Zhang, Wei and Chang, Shiyu and Tesauro, Gerald and Zhou, Bowen and Jiang, Jing},
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  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{wang2018evidence,
  title={Evidence Aggregation for Answer Re-Ranking in Open-Domain Question Answering},
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  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{talmor2018web,
  title={The Web as a Knowledge-Base for Answering Complex Questions},
  author={Talmor, Alon and Berant, Jonathan},
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  pages={641--651},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{yu2018qanet,
  title={{QANet}: Combining Local Convolution with Global Self-Attention for Reading Comprehension},
  author={Yu, Adams Wei and Dohan, David and Luong, Minh-Thang and Zhao, Rui and Chen, Kai and Norouzi, Mohammad and Le, Quoc V},
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  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{peters2018deep,
  title={Deep Contextualized Word Representations},
  author={Peters, Matthew and Neumann, Mark and Iyyer, Mohit and Gardner, Matt and Clark, Christopher and Lee, Kenton and Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  booktitle=naacl,
  volume={1},
  pages={2227--2237},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{khashabi2018looking,
  title={Looking Beyond the Surface: A Challenge Set for Reading Comprehension over Multiple Sentences},
  author={Khashabi, Daniel and Chaturvedi, Snigdha and Roth, Michael and Upadhyay, Shyam and Roth, Dan},
  booktitle=naacl,
  volume={1},
  pages={252--262},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{huang2018fusionnet,
  title={{FusionNet}: Fusing via Fully-aware Attention with Application to Machine Comprehension},
  author={Huang, Hsin-Yuan and Zhu, Chenguang and Shen, Yelong and Chen, Weizhu},
  booktitle=iclr,
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{zhang2018personalizing,
	title = {Personalizing Dialogue Agents: {I} have a dog, do you have pets too?},
	booktitle = acl,
	author = {Zhang, Saizheng and Dinan, Emily and Urbanek, Jack and Szlam, Arthur and Kiela, Douwe and Weston, Jason},
	year = {2018},
  volume={1},
  pages={2204--2213}
}


@inproceedings{fan2018hierarchical,
  title={Hierarchical Neural Story Generation},
  author={Fan, Angela and Lewis, Mike and Dauphin, Yann},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={889--898},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{rajpurkar2018know,
  title={Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for {SQuAD}},
  author={Rajpurkar, Pranav and Jia, Robin and Liang, Percy},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={2},
  pages={784--789},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{chaganty2018price,
  title={The price of debiasing automatic metrics in natural language evaluation},
  author={Chaganty, Arun Tejasvi and Mussman, Stephen and Liang, Percy},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={643--653},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{liu2018stochastic,
  title={Stochastic answer networks for machine reading comprehension},
  author={Liu, Xiaodong and Shen, Yelong and Duh, Kevin and Gao, Jianfeng},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={1694--1704},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{lin2018denoising,
  title={Denoising distantly supervised open-domain question answering},
  author={Lin, Yankai and Ji, Haozhe and Liu, Zhiyuan and Sun, Maosong},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={1736--1745},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{saha2018complex,
    title = {Complex Sequential Question Answering: Towards Learning to Converse Over Linked Question Answer Pairs with a Knowledge Graph},
    booktitle = aaai,
    author = {Saha, Amrita and Pahuja, Vardaan and Khapra, Mitesh M. and Sankaranarayanan, Karthik and Chandar, Sarath},
    year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{clark2018simple,
  title={Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension},
  author={Clark, Christopher and Gardner, Matt},
  booktitle=acl,
  volume={1},
  pages={845-855},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{xiong2018dcn+,
  title={{DCN+}: Mixed objective and deep residual coattention for question answering},
  author={Xiong, Caiming and Zhong, Victor and Socher, Richard},
  booktitle=iclr,
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{seo2018neural,
  title={Neural Speed Reading via {Skim-RNN}},
  author={Seo, Minjoon and Min, Sewon and Farhadi, Ali and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh},
  booktitle=iclr,
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{guo2018dialog,
  title = {Dialog-to-Action: Conversational Question Answering Over a Large-Scale Knowledge Base},
  author = {Guo, Daya and Tang, Duyu and Duan, Nan and Zhou, Ming and Yin, Jian},
  booktitle = nips,
  pages = {2943--2952},
  year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{choi2018quac,
	title = {{QuAC}: Question Answering in Context},
	booktitle = emnlp,
	author = {Choi, Eunsol and He, He and Iyyer, Mohit and Yatskar, Mark and Yih, Wen-tau and Choi, Yejin and Liang, Percy and Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  pages={2174--2184},
	year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{saeidi2018interpretation,
  title={Interpretation of Natural Language Rules in Conversational Machine Reading},
  author={Saeidi, Marzieh and Bartolo, Max and Lewis, Patrick and Singh, Sameer and Rockt{\"a}schel, Tim and Sheldon, Mike and Bouchard, Guillaume and Riedel, Sebastian},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={2087--2097},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{yang2018hotpotqa,
  title={Hotpot{QA}: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering},
  author={Yang, Zhilin and Qi, Peng and Zhang, Saizheng and Bengio, Yoshua and Cohen, William and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Manning, Christopher D},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={2369--2380},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{sugawara2018what,
  author = 	{Sugawara, Saku and Inui, Kentaro and Sekine, Satoshi and Aizawa, Akiko},
  title = 	{What Makes Reading Comprehension Questions Easier?},
  booktitle = emnlp,
  year = 	{2018},
  pages = {4208--4219}
}

@inproceedings{kaushik2018how,
  author = {Kaushik, Divyansh and Lipton, Zachary C.},
  title = {How Much Reading Does Reading Comprehension Require? {A} Critical Investigation of Popular Benchmarks},
  booktitle = emnlp,
  year = 	{2018},
  pages = 	{5010--5015}
}

@inproceedings{lei2018simple,
  title={Simple recurrent units for highly parallelizable recurrence},
  author={Lei, Tao and Zhang, Yu and Wang, Sida I and Dai, Hui and Artzi, Yoav},
  booktitle=emnlp,
  pages={4470--4481},
  year={2018}
}

@article{kovcisky2018narrativeqa,
  title={The {NarrativeQA} reading comprehension challenge},
  author={Ko{\v{c}}isk{\`y}, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}} and Schwarz, Jonathan and Blunsom, Phil and Dyer, Chris and Hermann, Karl Moritz and Melis, G{\'a}abor and Grefenstette, Edward},
  journal=tacl,
  volume={6},
  pages={317--328},
  year={2018}
}

@article{welbl2018constructing,
  title={Constructing Datasets for Multi-hop Reading Comprehension Across Documents},
  author={Welbl, Johannes and Stenetorp, Pontus and Riedel, Sebastian},
  journal={Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  volume={6},
  pages={287--302},
  year={2018}
}

@article{reddy2019coqa,
     title={{CoQA}: A Conversational Question Answering Challenge},
     author={Reddy, Siva and Chen, Danqi and Manning, Christopher D},
     journal={Transactions of the Association of Computational Linguistics (TACL).},
     year={2019},
     note={accepted pending revisions}
}

@article{raison2018weaver,
  title={Weaver: Deep Co-Encoding of Questions and Documents for Machine Reading},
  author={Raison, Martin and Mazar{\'e}, Pierre-Emmanuel and Das, Rajarshi and Bordes, Antoine},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.10490},
  year={2018}
}

@article{devlin2018bert,
  title={{BERT}: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805},
  year={2018}
}

@techreport{radford2018improving,
  title={Improving language understanding by generative pre-training},
  author={Radford, Alec and Narasimhan, Karthik and Salimans, Tim and Sutskever, Ilya},
  year={2018},
  institution={OpenAI}
}


@article{gao2018neural,
  title={Neural Approaches to Conversational {AI}},
  author={Gao, Jianfeng and Galley, Michel and Li, Lihong},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.08267},
  year={2018}
}

@article{huang2018flowqa,
  title={{FlowQA}: Grasping Flow in History for Conversational Machine Comprehension},
  author={Huang, Hsin-Yuan and Choi, Eunsol and Yih, Wen-tau},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.06683},
  year={2018}
}