-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1
/
writing-advice.html
443 lines (382 loc) · 17.2 KB
/
writing-advice.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Writing Advice</title>
<script src="libs/jquery-1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="libs/jqueryui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
<link href="libs/tocify-1.9.1/jquery.tocify.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="libs/tocify-1.9.1/jquery.tocify.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link href="libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/css/flatly.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/respond.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="libs/font-awesome-4.1.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="pols503.css"/>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="libs/highlight/textmate.css"
type="text/css" />
<script src="libs/highlight/highlight.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
pre:not([class]) {
background-color: white;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (window.hljs && document.readyState && document.readyState === "complete") {
window.setTimeout(function() {
hljs.initHighlighting();
}, 0);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<style type = "text/css">
.main-container {
max-width: 940px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
code {
color: inherit;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}
img {
max-width:100%;
height: auto;
}
h1 {
font-size: 34px;
}
h1.title {
font-size: 38px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 30px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 24px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 18px;
}
h5 {
font-size: 16px;
}
h6 {
font-size: 12px;
}
.tabbed-pane {
padding-top: 12px;
}
button.code-folding-btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
/* padding for bootstrap navbar */
body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
/* offset scroll position for anchor links (for fixed navbar) */
.section h1 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
.section h2 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
.section h3 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
.section h4 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
.section h5 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
.section h6 {
padding-top: 65px;
margin-top: -65px;
}
</style>
<script>
// manage active state of menu based on current page
$(document).ready(function () {
// active menu anchor
href = window.location.pathname
href = href.substr(href.lastIndexOf('/') + 1)
if (href === "")
href = "index.html";
var menuAnchor = $('a[href="' + href + '"]');
// mark it active
menuAnchor.parent().addClass('active');
// if it's got a parent navbar menu mark it active as well
menuAnchor.closest('li.dropdown').addClass('active');
});
</script>
<div class="container-fluid main-container">
<!-- tabsets -->
<script src="libs/navigation-1.0/tabsets.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
window.buildTabsets("TOC");
});
</script>
<!-- code folding -->
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
// establish options
var options = {
selectors: "h1,h2",
theme: "bootstrap3",
context: '.toc-content',
hashGenerator: function (text) {
return text.replace(/[.\/?&!#<>]/g, '').replace(/\s/g, '_').toLowerCase();
},
ignoreSelector: "h1.title, .toc-ignore",
scrollTo: 0
};
options.showAndHide = true;
options.smoothScroll = true;
// tocify
var toc = $("#TOC").tocify(options).data("toc-tocify");
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
#TOC {
margin: 25px 0px 20px 0px;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
#TOC {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
}
}
.toc-content {
padding-left: 30px;
padding-right: 40px;
}
div.main-container {
max-width: 1200px;
}
div.tocify {
width: 20%;
max-width: 260px;
max-height: 85%;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
div.tocify {
width: 25%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.tocify {
width: 100%;
max-width: none;
}
}
.tocify ul, .tocify li {
line-height: 20px;
}
.tocify-subheader .tocify-item {
font-size: 0.9em;
padding-left: 5px;
}
.tocify .list-group-item {
border-radius: 0px;
}
</style>
<!-- setup 3col/9col grid for toc_float and main content -->
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3">
<div id="TOC" class="tocify">
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc-content col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-9">
<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button"
class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#navbar">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="https://UW-POLS503.github.io/pols_503_sp16">POLS/CS&SS 503</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="schedule.html">Schedule</a></li>
<li><a href="https://uw-pols503.github.io/pols503-notes/">Notes</a></li>
<!-- start assignments dropdown -->
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="assignments" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Assignments <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<!-- ADD NEW ASSIGNMENTS HERE -->
<li class="dropdown-header">Assignments</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/UW-POLS503/Assignment_01">Assignment 1</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Project</li>
<li><a href="assignments_project_1.html">Project Assignment 1</a></li>
<li><a href="assignments_project_2.html">Project Assignment 2</a></li>
<li><a href="assignments_project_3.html">Project Assignment 3</a></li>
<li><a href="data_analysis_project_paper_guidelines.html">Final Project</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Peer Review</li>
<li><a href="assignments_peer_review_1.html">Peer Review 1</a></li>
<li><a href="assignments_peer_review_2.html">Peer Review 2</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<!-- end assignments dropdown -->
<!-- start lessons dropdown -->
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="lessons" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Lessons <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<!-- ADD NEW LESSONS HERE -->
<li><a href="lessons_install_R.html">Installing R</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_git.html">Getting Started with Git and GitHub</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_writing_functions.html">Writing Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_loops_conditionals.html">Loops and Conditional Execution</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_functional_forms2.html">Functional Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_imputation.html">Multiple Imputation</a></li>
<li><a href="lessons_weights.html">Weights</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<!-- end lessons dropdown -->
<!-- start references dropdown -->
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="references" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">References <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<!-- ADD NEW REFERENCE PAGES HERE -->
<li><a href="writing-advice.html">Writing Advice</a></li>
<li><a href="latex4research.html">LaTeX</a></li>
<li><a href="word4research.html">Word for Research</a></li>
<li><a href="Rmarkdown.html">R Markdown</a></li>
<li><a href="stata_to_R.html">Moving from Stata to R</a></li>
<li><a href="submitting-assign.html"> Submitting Assignments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<!-- end references dropdown -->
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="https://github.com/UW-POLS503/pols_503_sp16/issues">Report Bug</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container -->
</div><!--/.navbar -->
<div class="fluid-row" id="header">
<h1 class="title">Writing Advice</h1>
</div>
<p>Hello world!</p>
<div id="writing" class="section level1">
<h1>Writing</h1>
<ul>
<li>Chris Adolph. <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/cadolph/503/papers.pdf">Writing Empirical Papers: 6 Rules & 12 Recommendations</a></li>
<li>Barry R. Weingast. 2015. <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/mcnollgast/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CALTECH.RUL_..pdf">Caltech Rules for Writing Papers: How to Structure Your Paper and Write an Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/id.877,y.0,no.,content.true,page.1,css.print/issue.aspx">The Science of Scientific Writing</a> <em>American Scientist</em></li>
<li>Deidre McCloskey. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Economical-Writing-Deirdre-McCloskey/dp/1577660633/">Economical Writing</a></li>
<li>William Thompson. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Young-Economist-MIT-Press/dp/026251589X">A Guide for the Young Economist</a>. “Chapter 2: Writing Papers.”</li>
<li>Stephen Van Evera. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Methods-Students-Political-Science/dp/080148457X">Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science</a>. Appendix.</li>
<li>Joseph M. Williams and Joseph Bizup. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0321898680/">Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace</a></li>
<li>Strunk and White. <em>The Elements of Style</em></li>
<li><a href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/">Chicago Manual of Style</a> and <a href="http://www.apsanet.org/Portals/54/APSA%20Files/publications/APSAStyleManual2006.pdf">APSA Style Manual for Political Science</a> for editorial and style issues.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/Letter_bold_para.doc">How to construct a Nature summary paragraph</a>. Though specifi to <em>Nature</em> is good advice for structuring abstracts or introductions.</li>
<li>Ezra Klein. <a href="http://chrisblattman.com/2015/11/05/ezra-klein-how-researchers-are-terrible-communicators-and-how-they-can-do-better/">How researchers are terrible communications, and how they can do better</a>.</li>
<li><p>The advice in the <em>AJPS</em> <a href="http://ajps.org/guidelines-for-manuscripts/">Instructions for Submitting Authors</a> is a concise description of how to write an abstract:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The abstract should provide a very concise descriptive summary of the research stream to which the manuscript contributes, the specific research topic it addresses, the research strategy employed for the analysis, the results obtained from the analysis, and the implications of the findings.</p>
</blockquote></li>
<li><p><a href="http://connection.sagepub.com/blog/sage-connection/2014/05/15/concrete-advice-for-writing-informative-abstracts/">Concrete Advice for Writing Informative Abstracts</a> and pHow to Carefully Choose Useless Titles for Academic Writing](<a href="http://www.socialsciencespace.com/2014/03/how-to-carefully-choose-useless-titles-for-academic-writing/" class="uri">http://www.socialsciencespace.com/2014/03/how-to-carefully-choose-useless-titles-for-academic-writing/</a>)</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="finding-ideas-for-research" class="section level1">
<h1>Finding Ideas for Research</h1>
<p>Paul Krugman <a href="http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/howiwork.html">How I Work</a>. His basic rules are</p>
<blockquote>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Listen to the Gentiles</li>
<li>Question the question</li>
<li>Dare to be silly</li>
<li>Simplify, simplify</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>See Hal Varian. <a href="http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/how.pdf">How to build an Economic Model in your spare time</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>The first step is to get an idea. This is not all that hard to do. The tricky part is to get a good idea. The way you do this is to come up with lots and lots of ideas and throw out all the ones that aren’t good.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>But where to get ideas, that’s the question. Most graduate students are convinced that the way you get ideas is to read journal articles. But in my experience journals really aren’t a very good source of original ideas. You can get lots of things from journal articles—technique, insight, even truth. But most of the time you will only get someone else’s ideas. …</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>My suggestion is rather different: I think that you should look for your ideas outside the academic journals—in newspapers, in magazines, in conversations, and in TV and radio programs. …</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Conversations, especially with people in business, are often very fruitful. Commerce is conducted in many ways, and most of them have never been subjected to a serious economic analysis. …</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>In many cases your ideas can come from your own life and experiences. …</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Before you start trying to decide whether your idea is correct, you should stop to ask whether it is interesting. If it isn’t interesting, no one will care whether it is correct or not. So try it out on a few people—see if they think that it is worth pursuing. What would follow from this idea if it is correct? …</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>The first thing that most graduate students do is they rush to the literature to see if someone else had this idea already. However, my advice is to wait a bit before you look at the literature. Eventually you should do a thorough literature review, of course, but I think that you will do much better if you work on your idea for a few weeks before doing a systematic literature search….</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Greg Mankiw, <a href="http://faculty.som.yale.edu/jameschoi/mankiw_tips.pdf">My Rules of Thumb</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Coming up with ideas is the hardest and least controllable part of the research process. It is somewhat easier if you have broad interests. Most obviously, broad interests give you more opportunities for success. A miner is more likely to strike gold if he looks over a large field than over the same field over and over again</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Also the links in this Greg Mankiw <a href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2006/05/advice-for-grad-students.html">Advice for Grad Students</a></p>
</div>
<div id="replications" class="section level1">
<h1>Replications</h1>
<p>Gary King has advice on how to turn a replication into a publishable paper:</p>
<ul>
<li>Gary King <a href="http://gking.harvard.edu/papers">How to Write a Publishable Paper as a Class Project</a></li>
<li>Gary King. 2006. “<a href="http://gking.harvard.edu/files/abs/paperspub-abs.shtml">Publication, Publication.</a>” <em>PS: Political Science and Politics</em>.</li>
<li><a href="https://politicalsciencereplication.wordpress.com/2015/06/15/political-science-should-not-stop-young-researchers-from-replicating/">Political Science Should Not Stop Young Researchers from Replicating</a> from the <a href="https://politicalsciencereplication.wordpress.com">Political Science Replication</a> blog.</li>
</ul>
<p>And see the examples of students replications from his Harvard course at <a href="https://politicalsciencereplication.wordpress.com/" class="uri">https://politicalsciencereplication.wordpress.com/</a></p>
<p>Famous replications.</p>
<ul>
<li>David Broockman, Joahua Kalla, and Peter Aronow. 2015. <a href="http://stanford.edu/~dbroock/broockman_kalla_aronow_lg_irregularities.pdf">Irregularities in LaCour (2014)</a>.</li>
<li>Homas Herndon, Michael Ash & Robert Pollin (2013). Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff. Working Paper Series 322. Political Economy Research Institute. [<a href="http://www.peri.umass.edu/236/hash/31e2ff374b6377b2ddec04deaa6388b1/publication/566/">URL</a>]</li>
</ul>
<p>However, although those replications are famous for finding fraud or obvious errors in the analysis, replications can lead to extensions and generate new ideas. This was the intent of Brookman, Kalla, and Aronow when starting the replication.</p>
</div>
<!-- some extra javascript for older browsers -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="libs/polyfill.js"></script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// add bootstrap table styles to pandoc tables
$(document).ready(function () {
$('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('table table-condensed');
});
</script>
<!-- dynamically load mathjax for compatibility with self-contained -->
<script>
(function () {
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.type = "text/javascript";
script.src = "https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>