Add ability to upload STAC collections and STAC items to a STAC API

[JohanKJSchreurs]

Add ability to upload the created STAC collections and STAC items to a STAC API

We will use this for the HRL VPP data in this ticket
Open-EO/openeo-geopyspark-driver#460

Breakdown of requirements

Input side

• Tool needs to read products from OpenSearch / terracatalogueclient.
  • Tool can read these products in a piecemeal fashion because the API limits the amount of products in one query.
• Tool needs to create a STAC collection based on the metadata of the OpenSearch collection.
• Tool needs to map the products to STAC Items for the collection.
  • In order to create the STAC items it also needs to group the bands (products) that belong in one STAC Item as assets in that STAC item.

Some Technical Points

Because stac-catalog-builder is intended to be reasonably generic, its structure must allow to work with two types of inputs:

• A directory of asset files (currently only GeoTIFF supported).
• The OpenSearch input via terracatalogueclient.

And similarly, on the output side it should support creating both:

• Static STAC collections/catalogs, as the output for a set of GeoTIFFs.
• See section below for details: Uploading to the STAC API, for HR VPP.

Output side, Uploading to the STAC API, for HR VPP:

• Tool can authenticate via OIDC to connect to the STAC-API.
• Tool can read the settings for authentication from a file or environment variables to protect sensitive info.
• Tool can POST and PUT a STAC collection to the STAC API.
  • Tool can add the necessary info to the collection that allows STAC-API to authorize who can read/write the collection.
• Tool can POST and PUT a STAC items to the STAC API:
  • Implemented but not tested yet.
• Should have, to keep the upload fast enough: tool can also upload STAC items in bulk via the corresponding STAC API extension.
  • Though technically it would work without this, but it would probably be slow.

[JohanKJSchreurs]

Implemented by the following two PRs:

• Issue16 add upload to stac api #37
• Issue16 implement bulk upload of items #39