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Adding new Model, Controller logic, and Views associated with WhatsApp Messages (outbound)
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‎.env.example‎

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# RCS Brand Name, check formatting requirements. For instance, no spaces allowed
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RCS_SENDER_ID=''
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# WhatsApp Business Account Number (linked to your Vonage application)
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VONAGE_WHATSAPP_NUMBER=''

‎.ruby-version‎

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ruby-3.3.5
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ruby-3.4.6

‎WHATSAPP_SETUP.md‎

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# WhatsApp Integration Setup Guide
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This guide will help you set up and use the WhatsApp messaging functionality that has been added to your Rails application.
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## What Was Added
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The following components have been integrated into your existing Rails app:
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### 1. Database
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- **Migration**: `db/migrate/20251015112429_create_whatsapp_messages.rb`
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- **Model**: `app/models/whatsapp_message.rb`
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- Stores WhatsApp message records with fields: `to`, `from`, `text`, `status`, `message_uuid`, `is_inbound`
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### 2. Controller
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- **File**: `app/controllers/outbound_whatsapp_controller.rb`
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- **Actions**:
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- `new` - Display the form for sending WhatsApp messages
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- `create` - Send a text WhatsApp message
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- `interactive` - Send an interactive WhatsApp message with reply buttons
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### 3. View
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- **File**: `app/views/outbound_whatsapp/new.html.erb`
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- Contains forms for both text and interactive WhatsApp messages
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### 4. Routes
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Added to `config/routes.rb`:
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```ruby
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get '/outbound_whatsapp/new', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#new', as: :new_outbound_whatsapp
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post '/outbound_whatsapp', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#create', as: :outbound_whatsapp
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post '/outbound_whatsapp/interactive', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#interactive', as: :interactive_whatsapp
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```
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### 5. Environment Configuration
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Added `VONAGE_WHATSAPP_NUMBER` to `.env.example`
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## Setup Instructions
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### Step 1: Run the Migration
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```bash
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rails db:migrate
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```
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### Step 2: Configure Your Vonage WhatsApp Application
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1. Log in to your [Vonage Dashboard](https://dashboard.nexmo.com/)
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2. Create a new application (or use an existing one) and enable the **Messages** capability
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3. Add webhook URLs for:
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- **Inbound**: `https://your-domain.com/inbound` (or use ngrok for testing)
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- **Status**: `https://your-domain.com/status`
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4. Click **Generate public and private key**
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5. Move the downloaded `private.key` file to the root of your Rails app
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6. Note your **Application ID**
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7. Click **Save**
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8. Under the **Link external accounts** tab, link your WhatsApp number
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### Step 3: Update Your .env File
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Add the following to your `.env` file (create one if it doesn't exist):
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```bash
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VONAGE_APPLICATION_ID=your_application_id_here
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VONAGE_PRIVATE_KEY=./private.key
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VONAGE_WHATSAPP_NUMBER=14157386102 # Your WhatsApp Business number
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```
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### Step 4: Test the Integration
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1. Start your Rails server:
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```bash
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rails s
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```
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2. Navigate to: `http://localhost:3000/outbound_whatsapp/new`
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3. You should see two forms:
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- **Send a WhatsApp Message** - For sending text messages
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- **Try an Interactive Message** - For sending messages with reply buttons
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## Features
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### Text Messages
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Send simple text messages to any WhatsApp number. The form includes:
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- **From**: Your WhatsApp Business number (pre-filled from ENV)
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- **To**: Recipient's WhatsApp number (format: +14155551234)
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- **Message**: The text content to send
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### Interactive Messages
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Send messages with reply buttons that users can tap to respond. The example includes:
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- A header ("Delivery time")
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- Body text with a question
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- Footer text with additional info
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- Three reply buttons with different time slots
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You can customize the interactive message structure in the `interactive` action of `OutboundWhatsappController`.
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## How It Works
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1. **User fills out the form** and submits
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2. **Controller receives the data** and creates a `WhatsappMessage` record
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3. **Vonage client is initialized** with your credentials
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4. **Message is sent** via the Vonage Messages API
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5. **Response is checked** - if successful (HTTP 202), the `message_uuid` is saved
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6. **User is redirected** back to the form with a success notice
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## Next Steps
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As mentioned in the tutorial, this implementation covers sending messages. To build a complete WhatsApp integration, you'll want to add:
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1. **Inbound message handling** - Receive messages from users
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2. **Status webhooks** - Track message delivery and read status
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3. **Interactive response handling** - Process which button the user clicked
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These features would require additional controllers and webhook endpoints, similar to the existing `inbound_sms` and `sms_message_status` controllers in your app.
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## Troubleshooting
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- **Make sure your WhatsApp number is linked** to your Vonage application
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- **Verify your .env file** has the correct credentials
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- **Check that private.key** is in the root directory
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- **Ensure the recipient number** is in E.164 format (e.g., +14155551234)
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- **For testing**, you can use the [Vonage Sandbox for WhatsApp](https://developer.vonage.com/en/messages/concepts/messages-api-sandbox)
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## Resources
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- [Vonage Messages API Documentation](https://developer.vonage.com/en/messages/overview)
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- [WhatsApp Business API Guide](https://developer.vonage.com/en/messages/concepts/whatsapp)
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- [Vonage Ruby SDK](https://github.com/Vonage/vonage-ruby-sdk)

‎app/controllers/outbound_whatsapp_controller.rb‎

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class OutboundWhatsappController < ApplicationController
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def new
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@whatsapp_message = WhatsappMessage.new
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end
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def create
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@whatsapp_message = WhatsappMessage.new(safe_params)
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if @whatsapp_message.save
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deliver(@whatsapp_message)
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redirect_to :new_outbound_whatsapp, notice: 'WhatsApp message sent!'
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else
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flash[:alert] = 'Something went wrong'
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render :new
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end
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end
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def interactive
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unless params[:to].present?
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redirect_to :new_outbound_whatsapp, alert: "Recipient number is required!"
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return
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end
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interactive_message = {
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from: ENV["VONAGE_WHATSAPP_NUMBER"],
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to: params[:to],
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channel: "whatsapp",
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message_type: "custom",
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custom: {
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type: "interactive",
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interactive: {
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type: "button",
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header: {
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type: "text",
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text: "Delivery time"
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},
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body: {
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text: "Which time would you like us to deliver your order at?"
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},
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footer: {
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text: "Please allow 15 minutes either side of your chosen time."
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},
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action: {
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buttons: [
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{
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type: "reply",
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reply: { id: "slot-1", title: "15:00" }
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},
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{
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type: "reply",
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reply: { id: "slot-2", title: "16:30" }
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},
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{
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type: "reply",
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reply: { id: "slot-3", title: "17:15" }
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}
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]
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}
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}
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}
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}
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response = vonage.messaging.send(**interactive_message)
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Rails.logger.info("📤 Sent interactive message to #{params[:to]}: #{response.inspect}")
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redirect_to :new_outbound_whatsapp, notice: "Interactive message sent to #{params[:to]}!"
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end
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private
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def safe_params
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params.require(:whatsapp_message).permit(:to, :from, :text)
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end
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def vonage
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Vonage::Client.new(
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application_id: ENV["VONAGE_APPLICATION_ID"],
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private_key: ENV["VONAGE_PRIVATE_KEY"]
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)
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end
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def deliver(whatsapp_message)
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response = vonage.messaging.send(
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message_type: "text",
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text: whatsapp_message.text,
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to: whatsapp_message.to,
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from: whatsapp_message.from,
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channel: "whatsapp"
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)
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if response.http_response.code == "202"
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whatsapp_message.update(
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message_uuid: response.entity.attributes[:message_uuid]
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)
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end
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end
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end

‎app/models/whatsapp_message.rb‎

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class WhatsappMessage < ApplicationRecord
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end

‎app/views/outbound_whatsapp/new.html.erb‎

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<div class="whatsapp-form">
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<h1>Send a WhatsApp Message</h1>
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<%= form_for @whatsapp_message, url: outbound_whatsapp_path do |f| %>
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<div class="field">
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<%= f.label :from, "From (Your WhatsApp Number)" %>
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<%= f.text_field :from, value: ENV['VONAGE_WHATSAPP_NUMBER'], placeholder: '+14157386102' %>
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</div>
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<div class="field">
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<%= f.label :to, "To (Recipient WhatsApp Number)" %>
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<%= f.text_field :to, placeholder: '+14155551234' %>
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</div>
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<div class="field">
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<%= f.label :text, "Message" %>
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<%= f.text_area :text, rows: 4, placeholder: "Type your message..." %>
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</div>
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<div class="actions">
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<%= f.submit "Send Message" %>
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</div>
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<% end %>
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<hr>
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<h3>Try an Interactive Message</h3>
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<p>Send a sample interactive WhatsApp message with reply buttons.</p>
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<%= form_with url: interactive_whatsapp_path, method: :post, local: true do |f| %>
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<div class="field">
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<%= f.label :to, "To (Recipient WhatsApp Number)" %>
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<%= f.text_field :to, placeholder: '+14155551234', required: true %>
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</div>
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<div class="actions">
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<%= f.submit "Send Interactive Message" %>
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</div>
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<% end %>
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</div>

‎config/routes.rb‎

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# For InboundCalls controller, create
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resources :inbound_calls, only: [:create]
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# For OutboundWhatsapp controller, new & create & interactive
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get '/outbound_whatsapp/new', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#new', as: :new_outbound_whatsapp
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post '/outbound_whatsapp', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#create', as: :outbound_whatsapp
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post '/outbound_whatsapp/interactive', to: 'outbound_whatsapp#interactive', as: :interactive_whatsapp
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end

‎db/migrate/20251015112429_create_whatsapp_messages.rb‎

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class CreateWhatsappMessages < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
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def change
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create_table :whatsapp_messages do |t|
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t.string :to
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t.string :from
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t.text :text
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t.string :status
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t.string :message_uuid
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t.boolean :is_inbound
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t.timestamps
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end
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end
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end

‎db/schema.rb‎

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