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<h1><a href="http://wbowam.github.io/pep8-zong-jie.html"> PEP8 总结 </a></h1>
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<div class="span10 article-content">
<p>pep8除了是一个标准，也是一个软件包的名字。 <br />
提供一个pep8检测器。<br />
运行很简单：pep8 INPUT_FILES ...<br />
查看帮助：pep8 --help </p>
<p>一般来说，如果要检查代码，pylint和pep8最好都运行一下。pep8只能检测格式，pylint不仅检测格式，还检测语意。 </p>
<p>下文参考总结bobo的日记，感谢前辈分享～～～</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="_1">一 代码编排<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>1 缩进。4个空格的缩进（编辑器都可以完成此功能），不使用Tap，更不能混合使用Tap和空格。python3 已经不允许空格和Tab混用了。 <br />
2 每行最大长度79，换行可以使用反斜杠。换行点要在操作符的后边敲回车。 </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">with</span> <span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">some</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">you</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">want</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">as</span> <span class="n">file_1</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">some</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">being</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">written</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">'w'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">as</span> <span class="n">file_2</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">file_2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
<p>3 类和top-level函数定义之间空两行；类中的方法定义之间空一行；函数内逻辑无关段落之间空一行；其他地方尽量不要再空行。<br />
4 和括号开始的部分对齐： </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">long_function_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">var_one</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">var_two</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">var_three</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">var_four</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="err">#需要更多一层的缩进</span>
<span class="nx">def</span> <span class="nx">long_function_name</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nx">var_one</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">var_two</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">var_three</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">var_four</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="nx">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">var_one</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="err">##</span> <span class="err">千万不能与下一个代码行对齐。。。。</span>
</pre></div>
<p>5 在闭合的括号中不要加空格</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">my_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="cp">[</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="cp">]</span>
<span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">some_function_that_takes_arguments</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'e'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'f'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="_2">二 文档编排<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>1 模块内容的顺序：模块说明和docstring—import—globals&constants（静态或全局变量）—其他定义。 <br />
使用绝对路径import，不用import * ，可能会导入到名字相同的冲突的包 <br />
包含顺序也有讲究，顺序如下（他们之间最好加一个换行）：
* 标准库
* 第三方库
* 本地的应用或者库 <br />
2 不要在一句import中多个库，比如import os, sys不推荐。 <br />
3 如果采用from XX import XX引用库，可以省略‘module.’，都是可能出现命名冲突，这时就要采用import XX。 </p>
<h3 id="_3">三 空格的使用<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="err">总体原则，避免不必要的空格。</span>
</pre></div>
<p>1 各种右括号前不要加空格。<br />
2 逗号、冒号、分号前不要加空格。 </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">Yes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="n">No</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">x</span>
</pre></div>
<p>3 函数的左括号前不要加空格。如Func(1)。序列的左括号前不要加空格。如list[2]。 <br />
4 不要为了对齐增加空格。 <br />
5 <strong>操作符左右各加一个空格.</strong> <br />
6 缺省值等号两边无空格： </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">None</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">_user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">user</span>
</pre></div>
<p>7 不要将多句语句写在同一行，尽管使用‘；’允许。<br />
8 if/for/while语句中，即使执行语句只有一句，也必须另起一行。 </p>
<h3 id="_4">四 注释<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="err">总体原则，错误的注释不如没有注释。所以当一段代码发生变化时，第一件事就是要修改注释！</span>
<span class="err">注释必须使用英文，最好是完整的句子，首字母大写，句后要有结束符，结束符后跟两个空格，开始下一句。</span>
<span class="err">如果是短语，可以省略结束符。</span>
</pre></div>
<p>1 块注释，在一段代码前增加的注释。在‘#’后加一空格。段落之间以只有‘#’的行间隔。比如： </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># Description : Module config.</span>
<span class="c"># </span>
<span class="c"># Input : None</span>
<span class="c">#</span>
<span class="c"># Output : None</span>
</pre></div>
<p>2 行注释，在一句代码后加注释。比如：x = x + 1 # Increment x<br />
但是这种方式尽量少使用。<br />
3 避免无谓的注释。 </p>
<h3 id="_5">五 命名规范<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>1 常量 : 大写加下划线 </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">STATUS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'正常'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'草稿'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'删除'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="cp"># 加下划线</span>
<span class="n">POST_STATUS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'正常'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'草稿'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'删除'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>2 类总是使用驼峰格式命名，即所有单词首字母大写其余字母小写。类名应该简明，精确. </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">class</span> <span class="n">UserProfile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseProfile</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">profile</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">_profile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">profile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">_profile</span>
</pre></div>
<p>3 模块和包.除特殊模块 <strong>init</strong> 之外，模块名称都使用不带下划线的小写字母。<br />
若是它们实现一个协议，那么通常使用lib为后缀，例如: </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span>
<span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">os</span>
<span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">sys</span>
</pre></div>
<h5 id="_6">分行包含：<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">Yes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="k">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="n">No</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">os</span>
</pre></div>
<h5 id="_7">下面的也可以：<a class="headerlink" href="#_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">from</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span> <span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PIPE</span>
</pre></div>
<p>4 使用 has 或 is 前缀命名布尔元素 </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">is_connect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">True</span>
<span class="n">has_member</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">False</span>
</pre></div>
<p>5 用复数形式命名序列 </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">members</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">user_1</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="n">user_2</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>6 避免通用名称,避免现有名称 <br />
诸如 list, dict, sequence 或者 element 这样的名称应该避免<br />
诸如 os, sys 这种系统已经存在的名称应该避免。 </p>
<p>7 异常名：加入后缀Error<br />
8 函数名：小写+下划线<br />
9 函数和方法的参数：实例使用self 开始，类使用cls 开始。如果和系统参数名重复，在其后加_ </p>
<h3 id="_8">六 验证脚本<a class="headerlink" href="#_8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>可以安装一个 pep8 脚本用于验证你的代码风格是否符合 PEP8。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">pep8</span>
<span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="n">pep8</span>
<span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">uninstall</span> <span class="n">pep8</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Example usage and output</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="err">$</span> <span class="n">pep8</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">first</span> <span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
<span class="cp"># 也可以传一个文件夹，pep8 --first apps/ </span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">69</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E401</span> <span class="n">multiple</span> <span class="n">imports</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">77</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E302</span> <span class="n">expected</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">blank</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">found</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E301</span> <span class="n">expected</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">blank</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">found</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">222</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">W602</span> <span class="n">deprecated</span> <span class="n">form</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">raising</span> <span class="n">exception</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">347</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E211</span> <span class="n">whitespace</span> <span class="n">before</span> <span class="sc">'('</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">357</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E201</span> <span class="n">whitespace</span> <span class="n">after</span> <span class="sc">'{'</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">472</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E221</span> <span class="n">multiple</span> <span class="n">spaces</span> <span class="n">before</span> <span class="n">operator</span>
<span class="n">optparse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">544</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">W601</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">has_key</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="n">deprecated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">use</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="n">in</span><span class="err">'</span>
</pre></div>
<p>You can also make pep8.py show the source code for each error, and even the relevant text from PEP 8: </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="err">$</span> <span class="n">pep8</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pep8</span> <span class="n">testsuite</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">E40</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
<span class="n">testsuite</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">E40</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">E401</span> <span class="n">multiple</span> <span class="n">imports</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span>
<span class="o">^</span>
<span class="n">Imports</span> <span class="n">should</span> <span class="n">usually</span> <span class="n">be</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">separate</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="nl">Okay:</span> <span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">nimport</span> <span class="n">sys</span>
<span class="nl">E401:</span> <span class="n">import</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">os</span>
</pre></div>
<h6 id="sublime2autopep8">你也可以装上sublime2插件<code>AutoPEP8</code>，右键即可规范代码<a class="headerlink" href="#sublime2autopep8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h6>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nl">AutoPEP8:</span>
<span class="o">--------</span>
<span class="n">Sublime</span> <span class="n">Auto</span> <span class="n">PEP8</span> <span class="n">Formatting</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">https</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="c1">//github.com/wistful/SublimeAutoPEP8)</span>
<span class="n">Automatically</span> <span class="n">formats</span> <span class="n">Python</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">conform</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">PEP</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="n">style</span> <span class="n">guide</span> <span class="n">using</span> <span class="n">autopep8</span> <span class="n">module</span>
<span class="n">Support</span> <span class="n">ST2</span> <span class="n">and</span> <span class="n">ST3</span>
<span class="nl">Features:</span>
<span class="n">format</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">preview</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="n">according</span> <span class="n">PEP8</span>
<span class="n">format</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">preview</span> <span class="n">selected</span> <span class="n">text</span>
<span class="n">format</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">preview</span> <span class="n">all</span> <span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">modules</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="n">folder</span>
<span class="n">side</span> <span class="n">bar</span> <span class="n">menu</span>
<span class="n">formated</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">saving</span>
<span class="nl">Using:</span>
<span class="n">SideBar</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">right</span> <span class="n">click</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">or</span> <span class="n">folder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Active</span> <span class="n">view</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">right</span> <span class="n">click</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">view</span>
<span class="n">Selected</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">right</span> <span class="n">click</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">selected</span> <span class="n">text</span>
<span class="n">On</span> <span class="n">Save</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">provide</span> <span class="n">by</span> <span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">option</span> <span class="n">format_on_save</span>
<span class="n">Command</span> <span class="n">Palette</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">bring</span> <span class="n">up</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">Command</span> <span class="n">Palette</span> <span class="n">and</span> <span class="n">select</span> <span class="err">`</span><span class="n">PEP8</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">Format</span> <span class="n">Code</span><span class="err">`</span> <span class="n">or</span> <span class="err">`</span><span class="n">PEP8</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">Preview</span> <span class="n">Changes</span><span class="err">`</span>
<span class="n">Hotkeys</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="err">`</span><span class="n">Command</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Control</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Shift</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="err">`</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">format</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">`</span><span class="n">Command</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Control</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="err">`</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">preview</span> <span class="n">changes</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="_9">七 源码文件的编码<a class="headerlink" href="#_9" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>python2 默认ASCII ，python3 默认utf8 <br />
都用utf8省事 </p>
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