From 43771aef24ef9bbe18681cd6b78e4cd9bd5e337a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 16:59:47 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 1/7] 2 - fixing cpb guid formatting --- ...1985-early-reporting-on-the-gay-disease.md | 62 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/2-1981-1985-early-reporting-on-the-gay-disease.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/2-1981-1985-early-reporting-on-the-gay-disease.md index bd7bcd2209..00f489fce7 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/2-1981-1985-early-reporting-on-the-gay-disease.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/2-1981-1985-early-reporting-on-the-gay-disease.md @@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Rep. Henry Waxman called the first congressional meeting in April 1982 on what w Early reporting on AIDS closely associated the disease with gay men. While gay men were disproportionately affected by the disease, this kind of reporting, in addition to the CDC's identification of male homosexuality as a major "risk factor," contributed to the general impression that only gay men should be concerned about contracting the disease and that AIDS was not a national concern. In addition, such discourse fed into homophobic stereotypes that associated gay men with recklessness and with suffering. Scholar Paula A. Treichler writes, "The 'promiscuous' gay male body… made clear that, even if AIDS turned out to be a sexually transmitted disease, it would not be a commonplace one."[24](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#24) The portrayal of AIDS as a "gay disease" also interfered with proper diagnoses in women and children. For example, CDC surveillance definitions of AIDS in the early 1980s excluded gynecologic symptoms, and women were excluded from research and drug trials.[25](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#25) -Public television's nightly national news analysis program, *The MacNeil/Lehrer Report*, first covered AIDS on August 26, 1982, in an episode titled "[AIDS: The Mysterious Disease](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-5m6251g785)." As Jim Lehrer reported, "It's considered bizarre because, unlike other diseases, it suppresses a person's natural immunity against various infections and certain types of cancer." Correspondent Charlayne Hunter-Gault interviewed Dr. Bijan Safai, chief of dermatology at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, who had been treating patients with AIDS for two years. Dr. Safai explained what had been identified as the common signs of AIDS, including Kaposi's sarcoma, infection, and "wasting syndrome." Most importantly, he made clear that scientists believed "the agent" that caused AIDS was transmitted through sexual contact and blood. This fact would be strongly supported by a CDC report in January 1983.[26](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#26) Later public broadcasting programs frequently repeated this information to viewers, who more likely than not believed that HIV could be spread through casual contact. In September 1985, years after the 1983 CDC statement, the *New York Times* reported that "half of the American people believe AIDS can be transmitted through casual contact despite what Federal scientists say is overwhelming evidence to the contrary."[27](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#27) +Public television's nightly national news analysis program, *The MacNeil/Lehrer Report*, first covered AIDS on August 26, 1982, in an episode titled "[AIDS: The Mysterious Disease](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-5m6251g785)." As Jim Lehrer reported, "It's considered bizarre because, unlike other diseases, it suppresses a person's natural immunity against various infections and certain types of cancer." Correspondent Charlayne Hunter-Gault interviewed Dr. Bijan Safai, chief of dermatology at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, who had been treating patients with AIDS for two years. Dr. Safai explained what had been identified as the common signs of AIDS, including Kaposi's sarcoma, infection, and "wasting syndrome." Most importantly, he made clear that scientists believed "the agent" that caused AIDS was transmitted through sexual contact and blood. This fact would be strongly supported by a CDC report in January 1983.[26](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#26) Later public broadcasting programs frequently repeated this information to viewers, who more likely than not believed that HIV could be spread through casual contact. In September 1985, years after the 1983 CDC statement, the *New York Times* reported that "half of the American people believe AIDS can be transmitted through casual contact despite what Federal scientists say is overwhelming evidence to the contrary."[27](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#27) -Later in the *Report*, Jim Lehrer interviewed Dr. James Curran, leader of the CDC's AIDS task force, who asserted that the spread was epidemic-level. Dr. Curran [stated that AIDS had been found in gay communities, among people who use IV drugs in specific cities, and hemophiliacs](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-5m6251g785). By the end of the year, 771 cases of AIDS had been reported in the U.S., and 618 people had died from AIDS-related complications. The CDC established the National AIDS Hotline in February 1983.[28](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#28) +Later in the *Report*, Jim Lehrer interviewed Dr. James Curran, leader of the CDC's AIDS task force, who asserted that the spread was epidemic-level. Dr. Curran [stated that AIDS had been found in gay communities, among people who use IV drugs in specific cities, and hemophiliacs](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-5m6251g785). By the end of the year, 771 cases of AIDS had been reported in the U.S., and 618 people had died from AIDS-related complications. The CDC established the National AIDS Hotline in February 1983.[28](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#28) @@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ Campbell also discussed examples of prejudice that people with AIDS faced, inclu The KTCA and KCTS programs were rare for this period of the epidemic. After *MacNeil/Lehrer* expanded in fall 1983 to become the nation's first hour-long nightly news program, the series covered AIDS as breaking news about the epidemic emerged. [In September 1983, *The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour* reported on a nun who had died in 1981](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-v11vd6px6x?start=1895.55&end=2467.25) and who, doctors believed, had contracted HIV in Haiti in the 1970s. The program also included a segment, produced by KCTA in Minneapolis that followed Bill Runyon, who had experienced social ostracization and unemployment following his AIDS diagnosis. [In another *NewsHour* segment, Robert MacNeil reported](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-1g0ht2gv3t?start=3045.42&end=3114.43) that scientists had located a leukemia virus they suspected caused AIDS. -A tonal shift occurred in broadcast coverage in July 1985, when the [news broke that the famous actor Rock Hudson was diagnosed with AIDS](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-tb0xp6vv3s). The *NewsHour* closely followed the event, offering daily updates on Hudson's status. Jim Lehrer even mentioned the impending availability of HPA-23, a then-experimental antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV, which was prescribed for Hudson.[31](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#31) [One 1985 *NewsHour* segment profiled John Coffee](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-tb0xp6vv3s?start=1908.17&end=3015.36), who also was treated with HPA-23. Both Hudson and Coffee travelled to France for treatment with the drug, which was one of several AIDS drugs that had not been approved by the FDA. In fact, by this time, the FDA had yet to approve any drugs for AIDS treatment. In October, the Senate voted to increase funding of AIDS research and treatment programs by $221 million.[32](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#32) An article from *Science* suggested that "at least part of the credit for this new push [to increase spending and research for HIV/AIDS treatments] should go to actor Rock Hudson, whose much publicized trip to Paris for experimental therapy focused public and political attention on the desperate plight of those diagnosed with AIDS."[33](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#33) +A tonal shift occurred in broadcast coverage in July 1985, when the [news broke that the famous actor Rock Hudson was diagnosed with AIDS](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-tb0xp6vv3s). The *NewsHour* closely followed the event, offering daily updates on Hudson's status. Jim Lehrer even mentioned the impending availability of HPA-23, a then-experimental antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV, which was prescribed for Hudson.[31](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#31) [One 1985 *NewsHour* segment profiled John Coffee](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-tb0xp6vv3s?start=1908.17&end=3015.36), who also was treated with HPA-23. Both Hudson and Coffee travelled to France for treatment with the drug, which was one of several AIDS drugs that had not been approved by the FDA. In fact, by this time, the FDA had yet to approve any drugs for AIDS treatment. In October, the Senate voted to increase funding of AIDS research and treatment programs by $221 million.[32](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#32) An article from *Science* suggested that "at least part of the credit for this new push [to increase spending and research for HIV/AIDS treatments] should go to actor Rock Hudson, whose much publicized trip to Paris for experimental therapy focused public and political attention on the desperate plight of those diagnosed with AIDS."[33](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#33) Signaling that AIDS was becoming a national issue, Hudson's diagnosis led to more reporting on AIDS and contradicted the general public's belief that only certain populations were vulnerable to the disease.[34](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#34) Although Hudson was a gay man, he had not publicly disclosed his sexuality. A column in the gay magazine *Outweek* read, "Not until Rock Hudson was afflicted and scientists began to warn about the possibility of a spread into the 'general population' did this dire national emergency become a big story."[35](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#35) As the public began to believe that AIDS was not only a problem for gay men and people who used IV drugs, there was a surge in news coverage.[36](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#36) In addition to being a beloved celebrity, Hudson was also a close friend of President Ronald Reagan, who still had not acknowledged the epidemic in public. Hudson's diagnosis and death prompted the president to consult the White House physician and to ask Surgeon General C. Everett Koop to write a report on AIDS the next year.[37](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#37)
CDC employees working AIDS Hotline (ca. 1983) Photo courtesy of CDC.
- +
"AIDS: Beginning to Touch Us All," Carolina Journal (SCETV, August 28, 1985).
AIDS: Beginning to Touch Us All, Carolina Journal (SCETV, August 28, 1985).
AIDS: Beginning to Touch Us All, Carolina Journal (SCETV, August 28, 1985).
-With increased concern about AIDS spreading to the general population came further misunderstandings about how the virus that causes AIDS spreads. In August 1985, the South Carolina Educational Television Network (SCETV) aired a *Carolina Journal* segment titled "[AIDS: Beginning to Touch Us All](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_41-56zw3x9j)." The program featured an interview with Robert Jackson, Commissioner of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. In response to growing panic about children with AIDS in schools and adults with AIDS in workplaces, Jackson insisted there was no risk of transmission in those circumstances. +With increased concern about AIDS spreading to the general population came further misunderstandings about how the virus that causes AIDS spreads. In August 1985, the South Carolina Educational Television Network (SCETV) aired a *Carolina Journal* segment titled "[AIDS: Beginning to Touch Us All](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-41-56zw3x9j)." The program featured an interview with Robert Jackson, Commissioner of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. In response to growing panic about children with AIDS in schools and adults with AIDS in workplaces, Jackson insisted there was no risk of transmission in those circumstances. Notably, Jackson was asked his opinion on accusations from the gay community that researchers and the government had failed people with AIDS in the early years of the epidemic. He noted perceptions that the Reagan administration, "because of its very high association with very fundamentalist religious principles and its conservatism, for a long time wanted to ignore the fact that AIDS was out there. And that there were a number of people who were supportive of that administration who felt, perhaps, the way many fundamentalists do that AIDS may in fact be a ravage that is caused by immoral behavior and what have you. I think that we have gone past that now." @@ -87,32 +87,32 @@ At the end of 1985, 15,527 cases of AIDS had been reported, and there were 12,52 ## Records -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-5m6251g785) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-5m6251g785) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-2z12n50j78) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-zg6g15v91h) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/77-50gtjz22) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-v11vd6px6x) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-wh2d79674g) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-1g0ht2gv3t) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-bz6154fd4d) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/55-dv1cj87z3h) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/41-56zw3x9j) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-qz22b8w64p) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-154dn40c26) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/17-418kqns3) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/55-9g5gb1xs7p) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-0v89g5gz0b) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-q23qv3cv7q) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-tb0xp6vv3s) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-mp4vh5d81w) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-jm23b5x12k) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-mp4vh5d793) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-69z0932b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-zg6g15v91h) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-77-50gtjz22) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-v11vd6px6x) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-wh2d79674g) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-1g0ht2gv3t) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-bz6154fd4d) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-dv1cj87z3h) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-41-56zw3x9j) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-qz22b8w64p) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-154dn40c26) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-17-418kqns3) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-9g5gb1xs7p) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-0v89g5gz0b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-q23qv3cv7q) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-tb0xp6vv3s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-mp4vh5d81w) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-jm23b5x12k) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-mp4vh5d793) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-69z0932b) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-006d5989b8a) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-01pg4m5w) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/15-pr7mp4vv7s) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-mp4vh5d793) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-69z0932b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-01pg4m5w) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-pr7mp4vv7s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-mp4vh5d793) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-69z0932b) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-006d5989b8a) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-01pg4m5w) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/15-pr7mp4vv7s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-01pg4m5w) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-pr7mp4vv7s) From d62935d1e430936fb964d965e12a85ad9d4a1e3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:01:36 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 2/7] 3- update guid format --- .../3-1986-1988-the-aids-special-program.md | 86 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/3-1986-1988-the-aids-special-program.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/3-1986-1988-the-aids-special-program.md index 0d1925fd02..23c99bb89e 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/3-1986-1988-the-aids-special-program.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/3-1986-1988-the-aids-special-program.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Coverage of the AIDS epidemic increased dramatically in 1987 after a shift in AI - +
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
The programs in this section start with the surge in media coverage following actor Rock Hudson's public announcement that he had AIDS[40](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#40) and indicate a more widespread fear in the general public of people with AIDS. The section provides an examination of a few moments in public broadcasting history from this period, beginning with a broadcast in March 1986 of the PBS documentary series *Frontline*. "AIDS: A National Inquiry," the first HIV/AIDS-related *Frontline* program, sparked national controversy around the filmmakers' treatment and representation of Fabian Bridges, a Black gay man living with AIDS. The next part looks at public broadcasting's coverage of legislative responses to the epidemic, including California Proposition 64, legislation regarding testing requirements and privacy, and congressional spending. Finally, the section ends with an analysis of local educational programming designed to dispel common myths about HIV/AIDS. Although gay men were at the highest risk of getting HIV, the programs rarely provided education specific to gay men. These educational programs focused on providing basic information about the disease. @@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ The proposal also was [examined in a *MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour* segment](https:// Mandatory HIV testing was the subject of another legislative proposal put forward during this period. In 1987, [*The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour* reported on proposals to target certain individuals for HIV testing](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-b56d21s658?start=616.92&end=2583.66). Those targeted included marriage license applicants, hospital patients, pregnant women, and venereal disease patients. Kristine Gebbie, chairman of the AIDS Committee of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, stated on the program that public health officials were looking for a "funnel" for testing people who are likely to test positive, rather than testing the general population. Targeting people who apply for marriage licenses and hospital patients, she argued, would not be particularly useful. This proposal also did not succeed. -Legislative proposal debates frequently addressed issues of medical confidentiality for people with AIDS. In October 1988, Congress passed a bill that increased funding for AIDS research, education, and treatment by $1 billion.[50](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#50) The bill, which was signed seven years after the first MMWR on pneumonia in gay men, was blocked by North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms for almost two weeks. He insisted the Senate remove the House-passed confidentiality protections for people who tested positive for HIV antibodies and eventually the change was made. Helms also demanded that educational materials and campaigns not "promote or encourage homosexuality" or include language that suggested homosexuality was "normal," "natural," or "healthy." The Senate reached a compromise, and the final bill stated that educational materials could not be "designed to promote or encourage, directly, intravenous drug abuse or sexual activity, homosexual or heterosexual."[51](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#51) In an [episode of Minnesota Public Radio's *Midday*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_43-38jdg316), Rep. James Oberstar answered a call-in question about his support of the bill when it was being negotiated. He responded that Helms's other proposed amendment, that people with AIDS be forbidden from handling food, "adds to public hysteria about this issue." +Legislative proposal debates frequently addressed issues of medical confidentiality for people with AIDS. In October 1988, Congress passed a bill that increased funding for AIDS research, education, and treatment by $1 billion.[50](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#50) The bill, which was signed seven years after the first MMWR on pneumonia in gay men, was blocked by North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms for almost two weeks. He insisted the Senate remove the House-passed confidentiality protections for people who tested positive for HIV antibodies and eventually the change was made. Helms also demanded that educational materials and campaigns not "promote or encourage homosexuality" or include language that suggested homosexuality was "normal," "natural," or "healthy." The Senate reached a compromise, and the final bill stated that educational materials could not be "designed to promote or encourage, directly, intravenous drug abuse or sexual activity, homosexual or heterosexual."[51](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#51) In an [episode of Minnesota Public Radio's *Midday*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-38jdg316), Rep. James Oberstar answered a call-in question about his support of the bill when it was being negotiated. He responded that Helms's other proposed amendment, that people with AIDS be forbidden from handling food, "adds to public hysteria about this issue." The Reagan administration had many internal disagreements over how to respond to the epidemic, which had become highly politicized. HHS, for example, argued against mandatory testing, while White House aides and Education Secretary William Bennett supported it. [*NewsHour* coverage from May 15, 1987](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-4q7qn5zv5q?start=1128.22&end=2508.39), included a panel discussion between *NewsHour* correspondent Judy Woodruff, Steven Roberts, New York Times White House correspondent, and Fred Barnes, senior editor of the *New Republic*. Roberts claimed that Reagan, who had advocated for abstinence to prevent the spread of HIV, had "a vested interest in the moral aspect" of the epidemic. Barnes, however, noted that Reagan had supported Surgeon General Koop's report, which encouraged condom usage. He argued, "Basically, the President hasn't made up his mind. He hasn't set a policy." The discussion provided a close examination of culture wars and power dynamics within the conservative Reagan administration. - +
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (May 15, 1987).
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (May 15, 1987).
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (May 15, 1987).
Woodruff reported that if the administration adopted the U.S. Public Health Service recommendation that all people immigrating to the U.S. must be tested for HIV/AIDS, AIDS would be added to the U.S. immigration medical screening process. The addition, which was adopted one month after this broadcast, disqualified people from becoming U.S. residents if they were HIV positive.[52](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#52) Woodruff also reported on AIDS legislation put forward by Sen. Edward Kennedy, who was shown criticizing the Reagan administration. Kennedy claimed the Reagan administration had "offered nothing but ideological disputes and paper policies" throughout the course of the epidemic. @@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ Public broadcasting coverage offers us a closer look at a few of the numerous lo Homophobia continued to inflect HIV/AIDS-related legislation, media coverage, and debates broadcast on public television and radio. In an effort to fairly present these conversations, public broadcasting stations aired educational programs that provided factual information about the epidemic and sometimes featured panels of experts, who answered call-in questions about HIV and AIDS. The programming in this section shows a range of common misunderstandings about HIV/AIDS and features a number of well-known HIV/AIDS specialists. As with other educational campaigns, these programs often did not focus on providing information specific to gay men, who were most at risk, but to the general population.[53](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#53) -One exception was PBS Wisconsin’s 1986 broadcast, [*Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_29-pn8x921x90). The program opened with music and gay men dancing in a bar. In a voiceover, host Jay Jones narrated, "From New York to California, and in all the states between, gay and bisexual men, as well as intravenous drug users, are now living in the age of AIDS." +One exception was PBS Wisconsin’s 1986 broadcast, [*Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-29-pn8x921x90). The program opened with music and gay men dancing in a bar. In a voiceover, host Jay Jones narrated, "From New York to California, and in all the states between, gay and bisexual men, as well as intravenous drug users, are now living in the age of AIDS." - +
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
Survival Kit: For Men at Risk in the Age of AIDS (PBS Wisconsin, April 2, 1986).
The program presented interviews with several people on the topic of antibody tests. Interviewees included Doug Johnson of the Brady East Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Milwaukee, Katy Morrison from the Wisconsin Department of Health, Dr. Dennis Maki from University of Wisconsin Hospitals, and several gay men who were identified by first name only. Morrison underlined the importance of confidentiality and anonymity at clinics where the antibody test was being administered: "There are some people who might be frightened at going to the doctor's, because they may be afraid that their name will end up on some sort of list, and it could result in them losing their job, or losing their apartment, or something like that." Other interviewees explained that anonymity was necessary to encourage testing and protect individuals who tested positive. @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ HIV/AIDS had become a major issue in minority communities. [Another *In Black Am The 1988 [*AIDS Lifeline*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-293-816m97kw) program, produced by Howard University's WHMM in Washington, D.C., featured a panel discussion hosted by Carol Randolph between community leaders who worked on the local epidemic response. Panelists included James McLaurin, a volunteer for the Whitman-Walker Clinic who was living with AIDS; Patricia Kelly, training director of the Northern Virginia AIDS Ministry; David Brubeck, founder and executive director of the Maryland AIDS Foundation; and Dr. Wayne Greaves, medical director in the Howard University Hospital Infectious Disease department. The program did not assume its audience knew any factual information about HIV/AIDS. Randolph's opening question set the tone of this educational program: "Just how dumb are we when it comes to AIDS?" -[*AIDS: Why Take Chances?*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_29-r20rr1q24s) (WHA-TV, Madison, Wisconsin, March 2, 1988) addressed young people's concerns about AIDS. It included written-in questions, an informational quiz, a Q&A with panelists, and condom education, as well as information about testing reliability, drug effectiveness, and other topics. The host and panelists frankly discussed sex, which was rare in television coverage of HIV/AIDS, but was something that many activists and health officials recommended.[57](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#57) Panelists Dr. Jim Vergeront, Supervisor of the Department of Health and Social Services AIDS Program; Sue Dietz, Executive Director of the Milwaukee AIDS Project; Vickie Wilson, Teen Peer Educator from Planned Parenthood of Milwaukee; and Dr. James Allen, Assistant Director for the AIDS Program at the CDC, answered questions that viewers called into the program either on-air or privately. On-air questions evidenced common misunderstandings about AIDS and concerns about contact with people with AIDS. For example, one viewer asked the panel why the names of teachers with AIDS were not made publicly available "to protect the children," just as the results of teachers' required tuberculosis testing is in the public record. Dr. Vergeront responded that tuberculosis could be spread through casual contact, whereas HIV could not. He also underlined the importance of confidentiality for people with AIDS and people who are HIV-positive, because they should feel safe getting tested "without the fact that they're infected—their name spread in the newspaper, and all sorts of people in their workplace know that they're infected, especially in settings where there's just no other risk to the other individuals." When asked if progress had been made in curbing discrimination, Dietz said that there were still instances of people with AIDS being rejected by their families, fired from their jobs, and evicted from their homes. +[*AIDS: Why Take Chances?*](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-29-r20rr1q24s) (WHA-TV, Madison, Wisconsin, March 2, 1988) addressed young people's concerns about AIDS. It included written-in questions, an informational quiz, a Q&A with panelists, and condom education, as well as information about testing reliability, drug effectiveness, and other topics. The host and panelists frankly discussed sex, which was rare in television coverage of HIV/AIDS, but was something that many activists and health officials recommended.[57](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#57) Panelists Dr. Jim Vergeront, Supervisor of the Department of Health and Social Services AIDS Program; Sue Dietz, Executive Director of the Milwaukee AIDS Project; Vickie Wilson, Teen Peer Educator from Planned Parenthood of Milwaukee; and Dr. James Allen, Assistant Director for the AIDS Program at the CDC, answered questions that viewers called into the program either on-air or privately. On-air questions evidenced common misunderstandings about AIDS and concerns about contact with people with AIDS. For example, one viewer asked the panel why the names of teachers with AIDS were not made publicly available "to protect the children," just as the results of teachers' required tuberculosis testing is in the public record. Dr. Vergeront responded that tuberculosis could be spread through casual contact, whereas HIV could not. He also underlined the importance of confidentiality for people with AIDS and people who are HIV-positive, because they should feel safe getting tested "without the fact that they're infected—their name spread in the newspaper, and all sorts of people in their workplace know that they're infected, especially in settings where there's just no other risk to the other individuals." When asked if progress had been made in curbing discrimination, Dietz said that there were still instances of people with AIDS being rejected by their families, fired from their jobs, and evicted from their homes. KUNM in Albuquerque, New Mexico, devoted an episode of *Focus on Education* to ["Legal Rights of Children with AIDS](https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-207-50gthzkp)." The program consisted of a discussion with Dr. Ruth Luckasson, a lawyer and Associate Professor of Special Education at the University of New Mexico who also served on the American Bar Association Coordinating Committee on AIDS. The conversation covered legal issues relating to children with HIV/AIDS, who made up 2% of people with AIDS. Topics included strategies for communicating basic facts of HIV/AIDS, including HIV/AIDS in sex education curricula and children with AIDS in schools, which was a common concern among parents in the 1980s and 1990s. Dr. Luckasson responded to this concern by stating that there were no known cases of children spreading HIV in schools, because transmission occurs through blood and semen. Dr. Luckasson also noted that surveys indicated that most people believed schools should have AIDS education, but the explicitness of that education was debated. She argued that sex and drug risks related to HIV/AIDS should be "part of any school's good family living sex education curriculum," adjusted for age appropriateness. @@ -145,52 +145,52 @@ KUNM in Albuquerque, New Mexico, devoted an episode of *Focus on Education* to [ - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-wh2d796m8r) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-82ee0b8f4f6) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/529-xd0qr4q65j) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/221-0966t6nh) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/29-pn8x921x90) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-c24qj78k4w) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-6h4cn6zk04) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-m32n58db14) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-br8mc8s35n) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-529-xd0qr4q65j) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-221-0966t6nh) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-29-pn8x921x90) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-c24qj78k4w) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-6h4cn6zk04) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-m32n58db14) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-br8mc8s35n) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-ws8hd7q36n) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/529-7h1dj59q41) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-3j3902007b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-529-7h1dj59q41) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-3j3902007b) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-b730bdf796a) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-zw18k75t8n) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-4q7qn5zv5q) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/221-60qrfvd6) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-b56d21s658) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/507-4f1mg7gc8c) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/52-22h70v4w) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/17-13906jr9) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-zw18k75t8n) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-4q7qn5zv5q) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-221-60qrfvd6) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-b56d21s658) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-4f1mg7gc8c) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-52-22h70v4w) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-17-13906jr9) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-b56d21sm1b) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/29-r20rr1q24s) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-40ksngf4) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-29-r20rr1q24s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-40ksngf4) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-pr7mp4wv5d) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/293-816m97kw) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/529-028pc2v76v) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-293-816m97kw) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-529-028pc2v76v) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-8c9r20sw49) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-259-jq0sv51r) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/514-6q1sf2n08n) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-514-6q1sf2n08n) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-207-50gthzkp) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-01pg4vsw) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/43-38jdg316) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/15-61rfjm96) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-01pg4vsw) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-38jdg316) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-61rfjm96) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-3r0pr7ns0j) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/41-43nvx4x6) -- [](/catalog/cpb--aacip-16-ng4gm8250k) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-41-43nvx4x6) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-16-ng4gm8250k) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-z892806c3h) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-394-41zcrq37) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/529-8c9r20t285) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/52-08hdr912) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-529-8c9r20t285) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-52-08hdr912) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-d54c221e450) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-59c5b8bw) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-98z8wpvv) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-59c5b8bw) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-98z8wpvv) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-207-13mw6nj1) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/41-89280rgz) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-623bkdc1) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-59c5b8bw) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-98z8wpvv) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-03cz90k5) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-00ns1vf6) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip/187-67wm3k8b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-41-89280rgz) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-623bkdc1) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-59c5b8bw) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-98z8wpvv) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-03cz90k5) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-00ns1vf6) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-187-67wm3k8b) From 381b528a752661d492d09ffa6105ba413524163a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:03:39 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 3/7] 5-updated guid formats --- ...989-1991-broadcasting-act-up-direct-action.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/5-1989-1991-broadcasting-act-up-direct-action.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/5-1989-1991-broadcasting-act-up-direct-action.md index 9630fab498..b37c24ff3a 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/5-1989-1991-broadcasting-act-up-direct-action.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/5-1989-1991-broadcasting-act-up-direct-action.md @@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ ### Introduction -Although activism had been growing since the early 1980s, coverage of activist demonstrations increased significantly in 1989. The AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), the most prominent AIDS activist group, was founded in 1987. ACT UP engaged in direct action, meaning that its protests creatively represented particular issues faced by people with AIDS and provided specific solutions to those problems. Direct action was also a strategy used during the Black Civil Rights Movement; similar to [sit-ins](/catalog/cpb-aacip_28-br8mc8rr6z), ACT UP’s die-ins involved the dramatized performance of a problem and demonstrated viable solutions. Sarah Schulman, a journalist and author who was involved in ACT UP during this period, wrote, +Although activism had been growing since the early 1980s, coverage of activist demonstrations increased significantly in 1989. The AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), the most prominent AIDS activist group, was founded in 1987. ACT UP engaged in direct action, meaning that its protests creatively represented particular issues faced by people with AIDS and provided specific solutions to those problems. Direct action was also a strategy used during the Black Civil Rights Movement; similar to [sit-ins](/catalog/cpb-aacip-28-br8mc8rr6z), ACT UP’s die-ins involved the dramatized performance of a problem and demonstrated viable solutions. Sarah Schulman, a journalist and author who was involved in ACT UP during this period, wrote, > In this moment of collision, the message must be impossible to avoid. It can be funny, but it has to be attention getting; it needs to be insightful. It has to be visually arresting; it cannot be a cliché. In that brief moment of stepping into the sight line of the powerful, shunned people use direct action to be understood. And they are making two things clear: (1) the specific content of their demand for change, and (2) that they will never stop fighting for their survival.[69](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#106) - +
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990.
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990
Commercial network television and public broadcasting coverage of their demonstrations played a significant role in communicating ACT UP’s messages and demands to the general public and to specific organizations. In 1990, *The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour* dedicated [a segment to examining the success and strategies of ACT UP](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-3b5w669q4c?start=2340.41&end=2863.44). The segment included interviews with ACT UP founder Larry Kramer, ACT UPer Jorge Cortinas, AIDS Quilt creator Cleve Jones, Dr. Mervyn Silverman of amfAR, and Dr. Paul Volderbing, among others. John Roszak of KQED credited ACT UP with achieving the following successes: lowering the price of HIV drug AZT twice; speeding the release of Ganciclovir, which was used to prevent blindness in AIDS patients; and the invention and adoption of parallel tracking, which allowed people with AIDS to be prescribed new treatments while they were being tested. The segment included footage from several ACT UP demonstrations, such as Stop the Church, a demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City, which will be discussed more fully below; a protest against travel bans on people with HIV at the Sixth International AIDS Conference; and a human blockade of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ By broadcasting footage from direct action demonstrations, the programs included - +
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990.
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990
The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, June 22, 1990
Notable items in this section include *Stop the Church: Issues and Outrage*, a KCET program about the controversy surrounding PBS’s cancellation of *Stop the Church*; an *AIDS Quarterly* segment on the experimental drug Compound Q; and a *MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour* episode that was disrupted by ACT UP. @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ On October 11, 1988, ACT UP organized a demonstration at the FDA to demand the s - +
The AIDS Quarterly, “The Trial of Compound Q; Money and Morals,” (WGBH, Boston, January 31, 1990).
The AIDS Quarterly, “The Trial of Compound Q; Money and Morals,” (WGBH, Boston, January 31, 1990).
The AIDS Quarterly, “The Trial of Compound Q; Money and Morals,” (WGBH, Boston, January 31, 1990).
In 1990, ACT UP similarly demanded an increase in HIV/AIDS treatments and better representation of women and people of color in drug clinical trials at the National Institute of Health. In [coverage from the *MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-pr7mp4wc9s?start=448.74&end=470.65), activists can be seen wrapped in “red tape” at the Bethesda campus. @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ KCET was both praised and criticized for the program. George Weigel, president o On January 22, 1991, ACT UP staged the Day of Desperation, a series of protests that aimed to bring attention to the desperation of people with AIDS. ACT UP members argued that media attention about the Gulf War, which began on January 16, 1991, was “accompanied by manufactured anti-Arab sentiment and generalized fear” and was “a monumental distraction from the real problems of the AIDS crisis, a huge waste of money, and an exploitative use of racism to justify a war."[86](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#86) As part of the Day of Desperation, several groups of ACT UPers successfully disrupted two news programs: the CBS *Evening News* and *The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour*. On CBS, a [protestor was shown chanting “Fight AIDS, not Arabs”](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Im_VektDXqM) before the network cut to a commercial. -Five protestors entered the NewsHour’s WNET studio in New York in the middle of [the telecast, which focused on the Gulf War](/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-319s17t76g). At that time, co-anchor Robert MacNeil was off-camera, so the protest was not broadcast. Instead, co-anchor Jim Lehrer in the NewsHour’s WETA studio in Washington prolonged his interview and [let viewers know that demonstrators had infiltrated the New York studio](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-319s17t76g?start=1370.8&end=1572.71). Several ACT UPers handcuffed themselves to MacNeil’s desk. In an interview for the ACT UP Oral History Project, Ann Northrop, who was involved in the CBS disruption, said that MacNeil talked to the activists for a while before they were removed by police.[87](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#87) After they were removed, MacNeil went back on air and explained the disruption: +Five protestors entered the NewsHour’s WNET studio in New York in the middle of [the telecast, which focused on the Gulf War](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-319s17t76g). At that time, co-anchor Robert MacNeil was off-camera, so the protest was not broadcast. Instead, co-anchor Jim Lehrer in the NewsHour’s WETA studio in Washington prolonged his interview and [let viewers know that demonstrators had infiltrated the New York studio](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-319s17t76g?start=1370.8&end=1572.71). Several ACT UPers handcuffed themselves to MacNeil’s desk. In an interview for the ACT UP Oral History Project, Ann Northrop, who was involved in the CBS disruption, said that MacNeil talked to the activists for a while before they were removed by police.[87](/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/notes#87) After they were removed, MacNeil went back on air and explained the disruption: > It was a group of people who called themselves ‘non-violent demonstrators’ from the ACT UP AIDS group, who complain that we and the media are spending too much time and attention on the war in the Middle East, which they say will never kill as many people as are dying of AIDS. And I told them that this program has spent a lot of time on the AIDS matter and will continue to be interested in it, and we will be covering it more in the future. @@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ Despite their failure to appear onscreen, the protestors successfully communicat ## Records -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_28-br8mc8rr6z) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-3b5w669q4c) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-28-br8mc8rr6z) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-3b5w669q4c) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-61rfjm96) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-0p0wp9tm5k) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-pr7mp4wc9s) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-43-56932bhs) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-8k74t6g61f) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-8k74t6g61f) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_507-319s17t76g) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-319s17t76g) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-319s17t76g) From 0cda9ad43600acfe91f0a5c5ba738a5e08e2c85d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:06:39 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 4/7] 6- update guid formats --- ...-1995-1997-new-hiv-aids-therapies-and-strategies.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/6-1995-1997-new-hiv-aids-therapies-and-strategies.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/6-1995-1997-new-hiv-aids-therapies-and-strategies.md index 8df80fcb7e..179f3cb711 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/6-1995-1997-new-hiv-aids-therapies-and-strategies.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/6-1995-1997-new-hiv-aids-therapies-and-strategies.md @@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ A major medical advance occurred in 1995, when the FDA approved a protease inhib On [an episode of *North Carolina Now*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-129-31cjt50j?start=746.80&end=1178.48), Dr. Charles Van Der Horst, Clinical Director of the University of North Carolina AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, described progress made in HIV/AIDS treatment in 1995. He spoke specifically about the success of using antiretroviral 3CT in combination with AZT, which could decrease the amount of HIV in the blood of patients by more than 90%. Other drugs mentioned include D4T, an antiretroviral medication, Didanosine (DDI), and protease inhibitors. -Optimism about protease inhibitors and multi-drug treatments continued to grow. [A 1996 episode of *NewsNight Minnesota*](/catalog/cpb-aacip_77-63fxqtx1), in addition to exploring the HIV/AIDS epidemic and responses in Uganda, looked at the three FDA-approved protease inhibitors used in drug cocktails. The program was clear that the treatments did not cure HIV, but decreased the amount of virus in the body and in some cases were so successful that the virus became undetectable. The program included a panel discussion on topics like managing a complex treatment regimen, resistance to protease inhibitors, insurance coverage of FDA-approved drugs, HIV/AIDS prevention programs, and the financial cost of HIV/AIDS treatments. +Optimism about protease inhibitors and multi-drug treatments continued to grow. [A 1996 episode of *NewsNight Minnesota*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-77-63fxqtx1), in addition to exploring the HIV/AIDS epidemic and responses in Uganda, looked at the three FDA-approved protease inhibitors used in drug cocktails. The program was clear that the treatments did not cure HIV, but decreased the amount of virus in the body and in some cases were so successful that the virus became undetectable. The program included a panel discussion on topics like managing a complex treatment regimen, resistance to protease inhibitors, insurance coverage of FDA-approved drugs, HIV/AIDS prevention programs, and the financial cost of HIV/AIDS treatments. - +
Newsnight Maryland (Maryland Public Television, December 1, 1997).
Newsnight Maryland (Maryland Public Television, December 1, 1997)
Newsnight Maryland (Maryland Public Television, December 1, 1997)
-[A *NewsNight Maryland* report from World AIDS Day in 1997](/catalog/cpb-aacip_394-15p8d15f) examined the success of combined HIV/AIDS treatments. The program followed James Ball, who had experienced significant improvement in his health after being prescribed a drug cocktail of antiretrovirals, protease inhibitors, and an experimental drug. It also included footage from Johns Hopkins University research facilities and interviews with doctors and scientists working on HIV/AIDS treatment, followed by a panel discussion between Dr. David Vlahov, Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins; AIDS researcher Dr. Robert Siliciano; and James Ball, who was living with AIDS and was a member of the Northern Virginia HIV Consortium. +[A *NewsNight Maryland* report from World AIDS Day in 1997](/catalog/cpb-aacip-394-15p8d15f) examined the success of combined HIV/AIDS treatments. The program followed James Ball, who had experienced significant improvement in his health after being prescribed a drug cocktail of antiretrovirals, protease inhibitors, and an experimental drug. It also included footage from Johns Hopkins University research facilities and interviews with doctors and scientists working on HIV/AIDS treatment, followed by a panel discussion between Dr. David Vlahov, Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins; AIDS researcher Dr. Robert Siliciano; and James Ball, who was living with AIDS and was a member of the Northern Virginia HIV Consortium. While these treatments were promising, patients and scientists alike were concerned about the cost of HIV/AIDS drugs. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, [told correspondent Margaret Warner on *The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-4t6f18t02f?start=1736.28&end=2473.57) that the cost for someone on a treatment regimen was about $20,000 a year. Dr. Fauci expressed hope that competition between pharmaceutical companies would lower prices. In that same segment, *Newsday* journalist Laurie Garrett noted that the cost of HIV/AIDS treatment in the U.S. was severe and that some countries with relatively higher rates of HIV/AIDS, like Zimbabwe, were even less equipped to pay for treatments. @@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ In 1996, the number of new AIDS cases in the U.S. declined for the first time si ## Records - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-129-31cjt50j) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_77-63fxqtx1) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_394-15p8d15f) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-77-63fxqtx1) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-394-15p8d15f) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-4t6f18t02f) From c8d18c169a6c589b93aafb754ff4b04dd6b65439 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:08:56 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 5/7] 7- update guid formats and added /catalog/ to #Records --- ...-covers-the-hiv-aids-pandemic-in-africa.md | 76 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/7-public-broadcasting-covers-the-hiv-aids-pandemic-in-africa.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/7-public-broadcasting-covers-the-hiv-aids-pandemic-in-africa.md index 95bf6c33e4..ff986959b6 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/7-public-broadcasting-covers-the-hiv-aids-pandemic-in-africa.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/7-public-broadcasting-covers-the-hiv-aids-pandemic-in-africa.md @@ -223,42 +223,42 @@ The materials featured in this exhibit offer a window into public broadcasting ## Records -- [](cpb-aacip/507-st7dr2q44f) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-3x83j39m58) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-m901z42m6b) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-2j6833nh7x) -- [](cpb-aacip/80-53jwthmv) -- [](cpb-aacip/293-97kps24q) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-930ns0mg65) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-mk6542k23s) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-v97zk56g94) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-z60bv7bs64) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-nv9959d18x) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-pr7mp4wd36) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-vx05x2695z) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-7h1dj5927q) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-nv9959d17m) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-5q4rj49b9c) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-zc7rn3131r) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-c24qj78h6z) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-3t9d50gh0q) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-vx05x26968) -- [](cpb-aacip-16-6d5p84443h) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-kk94747k56) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-gt5fb4xb08) -- [](cpb-aacip-16-mw28912805) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-bc3st7fg05) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-gf0ms3kq8t) -- [](cpb-aacip/514-kh0dv1dk20) -- [](cpb-aacip/507-599z02zq9b) -- [](cpb-aacip/15-w37kp7v29f) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-z02z31pt8p) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-ms3jw87r7s) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-w37kp7vz5c) -- [](cpb-aacip/15-98w38210) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-qr4nk37919) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-t43hx1701b) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-nv9959df3p) -- [](cpb-aacip-04dcd548025) -- [](cpb-aacip/525-736m04028d) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-st7dr2q44f) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-3x83j39m58) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-m901z42m6b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-2j6833nh7x) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-80-53jwthmv) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-293-97kps24q) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-930ns0mg65) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-mk6542k23s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-v97zk56g94) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-z60bv7bs64) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-nv9959d18x) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-pr7mp4wd36) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-vx05x2695z) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-7h1dj5927q) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-nv9959d17m) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-5q4rj49b9c) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-zc7rn3131r) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-c24qj78h6z) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-3t9d50gh0q) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-vx05x26968) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-16-6d5p84443h) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-kk94747k56) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-gt5fb4xb08) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-16-mw28912805) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-bc3st7fg05) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-gf0ms3kq8t) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-514-kh0dv1dk20) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-599z02zq9b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-w37kp7v29f) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-z02z31pt8p) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-ms3jw87r7s) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-w37kp7vz5c) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-15-98w38210) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-qr4nk37919) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-t43hx1701b) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-nv9959df3p) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-04dcd548025) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-736m04028d) From 15623115f3e284249baa06a24618b459c333a369 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:09:43 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 6/7] 8 - update guid formats --- .../hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/8-national-programs.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/8-national-programs.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/8-national-programs.md index 05eebdc5e8..586b72aa32 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/8-national-programs.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/8-national-programs.md @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Though most of the films about AIDS followed subjects in the United States, one Follows Todd Coleman, a 22-year-old gay man, and his caretakers during the last few weeks of his life. -[***Absolutely Positive***](/catalog/cpb-aacip_55-cf9j38kt93) **(dir. Peter Adair, 1991; broadcast on *POV*, June 18, 1991)** +[***Absolutely Positive***](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-cf9j38kt93) **(dir. Peter Adair, 1991; broadcast on *POV*, June 18, 1991)** *Absolutely Positive* conveys the experiences of twelve HIV-positive people, covering how they contracted it, what it felt like to find out, and the emotional effects of their positive status on their friends, partners, and family members. The documentary consists almost entirely of interviews with director Peter Adair, who also provides narration about the disease as well as about himself and the subjects. He contemplates their outlooks on life and how they came to terms with the disease. This film is available for viewing at the Library of Congress and GBH. @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ Created in 2011 by and for LGBTQ youth and straight allies, *OutCasting* is inte - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-fbe0d3e05ce) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-d65266e7551) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-28aa05d3a12) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_55-cf9j38kt93) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-cf9j38kt93) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-50c989be918) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-41-22v41rq7) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-41472412366) From 6eb15d97c44543cfa4183c11c37fbaf674a876d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erica Titkemeyer Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 17:10:37 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 7/7] 9- update guid formats --- .../9-additional-programs.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/9-additional-programs.md b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/9-additional-programs.md index d15b0ccf97..b7c8d1cf9f 100644 --- a/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/9-additional-programs.md +++ b/app/views/exhibits/hiv-aids-and-public-broadcasting/9-additional-programs.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Dr. Mike Cohen of the UNC School of Medicine and Dr. Campbell McMillan of the NC **[*Express*, “AIDS: A Mixed Reaction”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-9g5gb1xs7p) (KQED, San Francisco, January 3, 1985)** -**[“Houston in the Age of AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-4j09w09n4m) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, April 5, 1985)** +**[“Houston in the Age of AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-4j09w09n4m) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, April 5, 1985)** Houston has the fourth highest rate of AIDS in the United States. @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ New Jersey has the fifth largest AIDS population in the country. **[“AIDS Lifeline”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-293-816m97kw) (WHUT, Washington, DC, June 22, 1988)** -**[*Iowa Students Look At …* “AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip_37-29b5mp8j) (Iowa Public Television, October 24, 1988)** +**[*Iowa Students Look At …* “AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-37-29b5mp8j) (Iowa Public Television, October 24, 1988)** **[*Highway 40*, “Masters and Johnson and the Threat of AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-110-16c2ftdq) (KETC-TV, St. Louis, MO, 1988)** @@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ New Jersey has the fifth largest AIDS population in the country. **[*Buenas Noches*, “Awareness about AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-199-05fbg8b9) (KDNA, Granger, WA, September 25, 1990)** -**[*Living with AIDS*](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-mp4vh5db5p) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, November 21, 1990)** +**[*Living with AIDS*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-mp4vh5db5p) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, November 21, 1990)** **[*AIDS at the Crossroads*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-rn3028q00f) (KQED, San Francisco, 1990)** **[*At Week’s End*, “Women with AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-191-53wstws8) (KNME-TV, Albuquerque, NM, February 1, 1991)** -**[*The Challenge of Grief... AIDS and Seven Choices*](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-rj48p5w838) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, June 1991)** +**[*The Challenge of Grief... AIDS and Seven Choices*](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-rj48p5w838) (KUHT-TV, Houston, TX, June 1991)** **[*WTTW Journal*, “Protect Yourself: Teaching Your Children about AIDS”](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-wh2d796m92) (WTTW, Chicago, IL, 1991)** @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ New Jersey has the fifth largest AIDS population in the country. - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-dc436cacc02) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-zg6g15v91h) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-9g5gb1xs7p) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-4j09w09n4m) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-4j09w09n4m) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-006d5989b8a) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-191-50tqjvx5) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-191-515mkrvv) @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ New Jersey has the fifth largest AIDS population in the country. - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-514-6q1sf2n08n) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-207-50gthzkp) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-293-816m97kw) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_37-29b5mp8j) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-37-29b5mp8j) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-110-16c2ftdq) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-pr7mp4wv5d) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-16-ng4gm8250k) @@ -221,10 +221,10 @@ New Jersey has the fifth largest AIDS population in the country. - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-x05x63bn51) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-95ab219b7e3) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-199-05fbg8b9) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-mp4vh5db5p) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-mp4vh5db5p) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-55-rn3028q00f) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-191-53wstws8) -- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip_513-rj48p5w838) +- [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-513-rj48p5w838) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-wh2d796m92) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-529-j38kd1rx0z) - [](/catalog/cpb-aacip-2809ed5491c)